Date: Sat Jul  2 08:14:08 2005
From: sesser at hardened-php.net (Stefan Esser)
Subject: Advisory 05/2005: Cacti
	Authentification/Addslashes Bypass Vulnerability

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                       Hardened - PHP Project
                        www.hardened-php.net

                      -= Security  Advisory =-



     Advisory: Cacti Authentification/Addslashes Bypass Vulnerability
 Release Date: 2005/07/01
Last Modified: 2005/07/01
       Author: Stefan Esser [sesser@...dened-php.net]

  Application: Cacti <= 0.8.6e
     Severity: A HTTP headers bypass switch can also be used
               to completely bypass the authentification system
	       of Cacti. As admin it is possible to execute shell
               commands with the permission of the webserver.
         Risk: Critical
Vendor Status: Vendor has released an updated version
   References: http://www.hardened-php.net/advisory-052005.php


Overview:

   Quote from http://www.cacti.net
   "Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness 
   the power of RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. 
   Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple 
   data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the 
   box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface 
   that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex 
   networks with hundreds of devices."

   While looking at the source of Cacti a HTTP headers bypass switch
   was discovered, that also switches off a call to session_start() 
   and the manual application of addslashes() in case of 
   magic_quotes_gpc=Off.
   
   When register_globals is turned on* an attacker can use this
   switch to disables Cacti's use of PHP's session support and 
   therefore supply the session variables on his own through f.e.
   the URL. Additionally using the switch renders several SQL
   statements vulnerable to SQL Injections attacks, when 
   magic_quotes_gpc is turned off, which is the recommended setting.

   Logged in as an admin it is possible to issue shell commands.

   (*) register_globals is turned off by default since PHP 4.2 but
   is activated on most servers because of older scripts requiring it.
   

Details:

   Within "config.php" there is code to bypass the output of
   several HTTP headers for caching purposes. This is controlled
   by the 'no_http_headers' switch. When register_globals is on
   a potential attacker can control this f.e. through one of the
   URL variables.
   
   if ((isset($no_http_headers) ? $no_http_headers : false) != true) {
     /* we don't want these pages cached */
     header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT");
     ...
     header("Pragma: no-cache");
		
     /* initilize php session */
     session_start();
	
     /* detect and handle get_magic_quotes */
     if (!get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
       function addslashes_deep($value) {
         $value = is_array($value) ? array_map('addslashes_deep', 
                    $value) : addslashes($value);
         return $value;
       }

       $_POST = array_map('addslashes_deep', $_POST);
       $_GET = array_map('addslashes_deep', $_GET);
       $_COOKIE = array_map('addslashes_deep', $_COOKIE);
     }
     ...
   }

   The problem with this is, that not calling session_start() also
   means, that the _SESSION superglobal is never created and
   therefore it is possible to overwrite _SESSION["sess_user_id"]
   or other session variables because of register_globals.
   
   This means that any request, that comes f.e. with a 
   
     Cookie: _SESSION[sess_user_id]=1;no_http_headers=1;
   
   will be automaticly logged in as user 1 (which is usually the
   admin).
   
   On the other hand it is quite obvious that the no_http_headers
   switch will disable the automatic addslashes() on _GET, _POST
   and _COOKIE which can lead f.e. to SQL Injections on the login
   formular when magic_quotes_gpc is turned off, which is the
   recommended setting.

   Logged in as an admin the attacker can execute arbitrary
   shell commands by f.e. changing the path to rrdtool in the
   configuration into commands of his choice and then triggering it
   by viewing a graph.

   Because of this register_globals=On problem we recommendend that
   the Cacti developers add a register_globals deregistration layer
   to Cacti. This is usually a recommendation from us to everyone
   writing PHP applications, because programmers that use the _GET,
   _POST and _COOKIE superglobals are often under the wrong assumption,
   that their code will only run on servers with register_globals
   turned off and still do not initialise their variables properly.


Proof of Concept:

   The Hardened-PHP Project is not going to release exploits 
   for this vulnerabilities to the public.


Disclosure Timeline:

   25. June 2005 - Contacted Cacti developers via email
   29. June 2005 - Review of patch from our side
    1. July 2005 - Release of updated Cacti and Public Disclosure


Recommendation:

   We strongly recommend upgrading to Cacti 0.8.6f which you can get at

	http://www.cacti.net/download_cacti.php


GPG-Key:

   http://www.hardened-php.net/hardened-php-signature-key.asc

   pub  1024D/0A864AA1 2004-04-17 Hardened-PHP Signature Key
   Key fingerprint = 066F A6D0 E57E 9936 9082  7E52 4439 14CC 0A86 4AA1


Copyright 2005 Stefan Esser. All rights reserved.

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