Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2015 08:23:12 -0700
From: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@...xchg8b.com>
To: fulldisclosure@...lists.org
Subject: [FD] Problems in automatic crash analysis frameworks

Hello, this is CVE-2015-1318 and CVE-2015-1862 (essentially the same bugs in
two different implementations, apport and abrt respectively). These were
discussed on the vendors list last week.

If the first character of kern.core_pattern sysctl is a pipe, the kernel
will invoke the specified program, and pass it the core on stdin. Apport
(Ubuntu) and Abrt (Fedora) use this feature to analyze and log crashes.

Since the introduction of containers, Abrt and Apport have attempted to
transparently handle namespaces by chrooting into the same root as the
crashing program [1] [2]. Unfortunately, this is incorrect because root
cannot safely execve() after a chroot into a user specified directory.

Furthermore, Abrt suffers from numerous race conditions and symlink problems
from trusting unprivileged programs. For example, the code below (and lots
of similar code) is vulnerable to a filesystem race where a user unlinks the
file after the copy but before the chown.

https://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/hooks/abrt-hook-ccpp.c#L634

        strcpy(source_filename + source_base_ofs, "maps");
        strcpy(dest_base, FILENAME_MAPS);
        copy_file(source_filename, dest_filename, DEFAULT_DUMP_DIR_MODE);
        IGNORE_RESULT(chown(dest_filename, dd->dd_uid, dd->dd_gid));

This code trusts various symlinks in /tmp without validation:

https://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/hooks/abrt-hook-ccpp.c#L806

        char *java_log = xasprintf("/tmp/jvm-%lu/hs_error.log", (long)pid);
        int src_fd = open(java_log, O_RDONLY);
        free(java_log);

This code trusts the /proc/pid/exe symlink, even though it is possible to
link it anywhere you want.

https://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/hooks/abrt-hook-ccpp.c#L368

        sprintf(buf, "/proc/%lu/exe", (long)pid);
        int src_fd_binary = open(buf, O_RDONLY); /* might fail and
return -1, it's ok */

This code trusts the attacker controlled root symlink and copies files from
it.

https://github.com/abrt/libreport/blob/master/src/lib/dump_dir.c#L671

        if (chroot_dir)
            copy_file_from_chroot(dd, FILENAME_OS_INFO_IN_ROOTDIR,
chroot_dir, "/etc/os-release");

This instructs librpm to trust an unprivileged root symlink:

https://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/daemon/rpm.c#L184

        if (rpmtsSetRootDir(*ts, rootdir_or_NULL) != 0)
        {
            rpmtsFree(*ts);
            return -1;
        }

And so on.

There are other automatic crash analysis scripts, I believe systemd also has
one - I haven't looked at it all.

WORKAROUND

I highly recommend setting `sysctl -w kern.core_pattern=core`.

EXPLOITATION

Two demonstration exploits are attached.

The file `newpid.c` should produce a root shell on Fedora 20 or Ubuntu by
invoking the crash handler inside an unprivileged chroot (possible since
kernel 3.8).

 $ gcc -static newpid.c
 $ ./a.out
 uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
 sh-4.3# exit
 exit

The file `raceabrt.c` should make you the owner of any file on Fedora by
racing the Abrt report creation.

 $ cat /etc/fedora-release
 Fedora release 21 (Twenty One)
 $ ./a.out /etc/passwd
 Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-17:40:31-5506.new, attempting to race...
   [ wait a few minutes ]
   exploit successful...
 -rw-r--r--. 1 taviso abrt 2421 Apr 13 11:15 /etc/passwd

In case it isn't obvious, you can then give yourself uid zero.

 $ getent passwd taviso
 taviso:x:1000:1000:Tavis Ormandy:/home/taviso:/bin/bash
 $ vi /etc/passwd
 $ getent passwd taviso
 taviso:x:0:0:Tavis Ormandy:/home/taviso:/bin/bash
 $ su taviso
 Password:
 # id
 uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
 exit

REFERENCES

[1] https://code.launchpad.net/~stgraber/apport/pidns-support/+merge/200893
[2] https://github.com/abrt/abrt/pull/810
[3] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/user_namespaces.7.html

CREDIT

Tavis Ormandy, Google Project Zero.


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end


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