Date:   Wed, 6 Sep 2017 14:55:31 -0600
From:   Andreas Dilger <adilger@...ger.ca>
To:     Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@...ux.intel.com>
Cc:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@...cle.com>,
        Theodore Ts'o <tytso@....edu>, Christoph Hellwig <hch@....de>,
        Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>,
        Dave Chinner <david@...morbit.com>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
        Ext4 Developers List <linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-nvdimm@...ts.01.org, xfs <linux-xfs@...r.kernel.org>,
        stable@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 7/9] ext4: prevent data corruption with inline data + DAX

On Sep 5, 2017, at 4:35 PM, Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> 
> If an inode has inline data it is currently prevented from using DAX by a
> check in ext4_should_use_dax().  When the inode grows inline data via
> ext4_create_inline_data() or removes its inline data via
> ext4_destroy_inline_data_nolock(), the value of S_DAX can change.
> 
> Currently these changes are unsafe because we don't hold off page faults
> and I/O, write back dirty radix tree entries and invalidate all mappings.
> This work is done in XFS via xfs_ioctl_setattr_dax_invalidate(), for
> example.  This unsafe transitioning of S_DAX could potentially lead to data
> corruption.
> 
> Fix this issue by preventing the DAX mount option from being used on
> filesystems that were created to support inline data.  Inline data is an
> option given to mkfs.ext4.
> 
> We prevent DAX from being used with inline data as opposed to trying to
> safely manage the transition of S_DAX because of the locking complexities:
> 
> 1) filemap_write_and_wait() eventually calls ext4_writepages(), which
> acquires the sbi->s_journal_flag_rwsem.  This lock ranks above the
> jbdw_handle which is eventually taken by ext4_journal_start().  This
> essentially means that the writeback has to happen outside of the context
> of an active journal handle (outside of ext4_journal_start() to
> ext4_journal_stop().)
> 
> 2) To lock out page faults we take a write lock on the ei->i_mmap_sem, and
> this lock again ranks above the jbd2_handle taken by ext4_journal_start().
> So, as with the writeback code in 1) above we have to take ei->i_mmap_sem
> outside of the context of an active journal handle.
> 
> We are able to work around both of these restrictions and safely transition
> S_DAX when we change the journaling mode, but for inline data it's much
> harder because each of ext4_create_inline_data() and
> ext4_destroy_inline_data_nolock() are passed in journal handles that have
> already been started.
> 
> To be able to safely writeback and invalidate our dirty inode data we'd
> either need to uplevel the locking, writeback and invalidate into all the
> callers of those two functions, or we'd need to stop our current journal
> handle, do the appropriate locking, writeback and invalidate, unlock and
> restart the journal handle.
> 
> These both seem too complex, and I don't know if we have a valid use case
> where we need to combine a filesystem with inline data and DAX, so just
> prevent them from being used together.

The one reason I can see to use inline data + DAX is that inline data saves
space for very small files, even if the performance improvement is minimal.
Since NVDIMMs are still relatively expensive, storing very small files and
directories directly in the inode is probably worthwhile.

That said, there are still occasional bugs in the inline data code, so it
makes sense to ensure these two features are not enabled at the same time
if they don't play well together.

> Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@...ux.intel.com>
> CC: stable@...r.kernel.org
> ---
> fs/ext4/inline.c | 10 ----------
> fs/ext4/super.c  |  5 +++++
> 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/ext4/inline.c b/fs/ext4/inline.c
> index 28c5c3a..fd95019 100644
> --- a/fs/ext4/inline.c
> +++ b/fs/ext4/inline.c
> @@ -302,11 +302,6 @@ static int ext4_create_inline_data(handle_t *handle,
> 	EXT4_I(inode)->i_inline_size = len + EXT4_MIN_INLINE_DATA_SIZE;
> 	ext4_clear_inode_flag(inode, EXT4_INODE_EXTENTS);
> 	ext4_set_inode_flag(inode, EXT4_INODE_INLINE_DATA);
> -	/*
> -	 * Propagate changes to inode->i_flags as well - e.g. S_DAX may
> -	 * get cleared
> -	 */
> -	ext4_set_inode_flags(inode);

What about other flags in the inode?  It doesn't make sense to drop this
entirely.  The S_DAX flag shouldn't be set if the inode has the inline
data flag set, according to ext4_set_inode_flags().

> 	get_bh(is.iloc.bh);
> 	error = ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &is.iloc);
> 
> @@ -451,11 +446,6 @@ static int ext4_destroy_inline_data_nolock(handle_t *handle,
> 		}
> 	}
> 	ext4_clear_inode_flag(inode, EXT4_INODE_INLINE_DATA);
> -	/*
> -	 * Propagate changes to inode->i_flags as well - e.g. S_DAX may
> -	 * get set.
> -	 */
> -	ext4_set_inode_flags(inode);

Same?

> 	get_bh(is.iloc.bh);
> 	error = ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &is.iloc);
> diff --git a/fs/ext4/super.c b/fs/ext4/super.c
> index d61a70e2..d549dfb 100644
> --- a/fs/ext4/super.c
> +++ b/fs/ext4/super.c
> @@ -3686,6 +3686,11 @@ static int ext4_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
> 	}
> 
> 	if (sbi->s_mount_opt & EXT4_MOUNT_DAX) {
> +		if (ext4_has_feature_inline_data(sb)) {
> +			ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "Cannot use DAX on a filesystem"
> +					" that may contain inline data");
> +			goto failed_mount;
> +		}

Wouldn't it be enough to just prevent modification of inodes that are stored
in the inode?  It should be OK to read such files.  At a minimum that means
there should not be an error in case of read-only mounting.  A better choice
would be to return an error only at runtime in case of open-for-write, or
only if the file is actually being written.

Cheers, Andreas






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