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Date:	Sun, 6 Jan 2008 07:26:09 +0100
From:	Willy Tarreau <w@....eu>
To:	Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@...ove.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc:	linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	serue@...ibm.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH][RFC] Simple tamper-proof device filesystem.

Hello,

On Sun, Jan 06, 2008 at 03:20:00PM +0900, Tetsuo Handa wrote:
> Hello.
> 
> Changes from previous posting:
> 
>  (1) Added kernel config so that users can choose
>      whether to compile this filesystem or not.
> 
>      I didn't receive any ACK/NACK regarding whether I'm permitted to
>      implement this filesystem as an extension to tmpfs or not.
>      So, I continued implementing this filesystem as an extension to tmpfs.
> 
>  (2) Removed indirect grabbing of blkdev_open() and chrdev_open().
> 
>      The previous posting was using indirect approach to call
>      blkdev_open() and chrdev_open() so that users can compile
>      this filesystem as a module without exporting blkdev_open()
>      from fs/block_dev.c and chrdev_open() from fs/char_dev.c .
>      But since tmpfs cannot be compiled as a module,
>      I changed it to direct accessing.
> 
>  (3) Splitted single file into three files.
> 
>      syaoran_init.c:  initialization part
>      syaoran_main.c:  access control part
>      syaoran_debug.c: taking snapshot part
> 
> This patch is for 2.6.24-rc6-mm1.
> 
> Regards.
> ----------
> Subject: Simple tamper-proof device filesystem.
> 
> The goal of this filesystem is to guarantee that
> "applications using well-known device locations under /dev
> get the device they want" (e.g. an application that accesses /dev/null can
> always get a character special device with major=1 and minor=3).
> 
> This idea sounds silly? Indeed, if you think the root can do whatever
> he/she wants do do. But this filesystem makes sense when used with
> access control mechanisms like MAC (mandatory access control).
> I want to use this filesystem in case where a process with root privilege was
> hijacked but the behavior of the hijacked process is still restricted by MAC.
> 
> Why not use FUSE?
> 
>   Because /dev has to be available through the lifetime of the kernel.
>   It is not acceptable if /dev stops working due to SIGKILL or OOM-killer.
> 
> Why not use SELinux?
> 
>   Because SELinux doesn't guarantee filename and its attribute.
>   As far as I know, no MAC implementation can handle filename and its attribute.
>   I guess this is because
> 
>     Filename and its attributes pairs are conventionally considered as
>     constant and reliable.
> 
>     It makes the MAC's policy syntax complicated to describe this attribute
>     enforcement information in MAC's policy.
> 
>   I want to add functionality that the MACs are missing.
>   Instead of adding this functionality per MAC,
>   I propose to add it as ground work, to be combined with any MAC.
> 
> Why not drop CAP_MKNOD?
> 
>   Dropping CAP_MKNOD is not enough for emulating this filesystem because
>   a process can still rename()/unlink() to break filename and its attributes
>   handling (e.g. mv /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1.tmp; mv /dev/sda2 /dev/sda1;
>   mv /dev/sda1.tmp /dev/sda2 or unlink /dev/null; touch /dev/null ).
> 
> This time, I'm implementing this filesystem as an extension to tmpfs
> because what this filesystem does are nothing but check filename and
> its attributes in addition to what tmpfs does.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@...ove.SAKURA.ne.jp>
> ---
>  fs/Kconfig               |   18 +
>  fs/ramfs/inode.c         |  177 ++++++++++++++
>  fs/ramfs/syaoran.h       |   75 ++++++
>  fs/ramfs/syaoran_debug.c |  183 +++++++++++++++
>  fs/ramfs/syaoran_init.c  |  568 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  fs/ramfs/syaoran_main.c  |  207 +++++++++++++++++
>  6 files changed, 1222 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

Your patch is very confusing. In your description, as well as in the
comments you talk about tmpfs, but your patch does not touch even one
line of tmpfs and only changes ramfs. Even your variables and arguments
refer to tmpfs. The Kconfig entry indicates that the feature depends
on TMPFS too.

Judging from the following comment :
  * Original tmpfs doesn't set ramfs_dir_inode_operations.setattr field.

I suspect that you confuse both filesystems.
  - ramfs is in fs/ramfs and is always compiled in, you cannot disable it
  - tmpfs is in mm/shmem.c and is optional. It also supports options that
    ramfs does not (eg: size) and data may be swapped.

Please understand that I'm not discussing the usefulness of your patch,
I'm just trying to avoid a huge confusion.

Regards,
Willy

> --- linux-2.6-mm.orig/fs/ramfs/inode.c
> +++ linux-2.6-mm/fs/ramfs/inode.c
> @@ -36,6 +36,20 @@
>  #include <asm/uaccess.h>
>  #include "internal.h"
>  
> +static struct inode *__ramfs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode,
> +				       dev_t dev, bool tmpfs_with_mac);
> +
> +#define TMPFS_WITH_MAC    1
> +#define TMPFS_WITHOUT_MAC 0
> +#include <linux/quotaops.h>
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +#include "syaoran.h"
> +#include "syaoran_init.c"
> +#include "syaoran_main.c"
> +#include "syaoran_debug.c"
> +#endif
> +
>  /* some random number */
>  #define RAMFS_MAGIC	0x858458f6
>  
> @@ -51,6 +65,12 @@ static struct backing_dev_info ramfs_bac
>  
>  struct inode *ramfs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode, dev_t dev)
>  {
> +	return __ramfs_get_inode(sb, mode, dev, TMPFS_WITHOUT_MAC);
> +}
> +
> +static struct inode *__ramfs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode,
> +				       dev_t dev, const bool tmpfs_with_mac)
> +{
>  	struct inode * inode = new_inode(sb);
>  
>  	if (inode) {
> @@ -65,10 +85,18 @@ struct inode *ramfs_get_inode(struct sup
>  		switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
>  		default:
>  			init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +			if (tmpfs_with_mac)
> +				init_syaoran_inode(inode, mode);
> +#endif
>  			break;
>  		case S_IFREG:
>  			inode->i_op = &ramfs_file_inode_operations;
>  			inode->i_fop = &ramfs_file_operations;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +			if (tmpfs_with_mac)
> +				init_syaoran_inode(inode, mode);
> +#endif
>  			break;
>  		case S_IFDIR:
>  			inode->i_op = &ramfs_dir_inode_operations;
> @@ -79,6 +107,10 @@ struct inode *ramfs_get_inode(struct sup
>  			break;
>  		case S_IFLNK:
>  			inode->i_op = &page_symlink_inode_operations;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +			if (tmpfs_with_mac)
> +				init_syaoran_inode(inode, mode);
> +#endif
>  			break;
>  		}
>  	}
> @@ -92,9 +124,19 @@ struct inode *ramfs_get_inode(struct sup
>  static int
>  ramfs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev)
>  {
> -	struct inode * inode = ramfs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);
> +	struct inode *inode;
>  	int error = -ENOSPC;
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	if (dir->i_sb->s_op == &syaoran_ops) {
> +		if (syaoran_may_create_node(dentry, mode, dev) < 0)
> +			return -EPERM;
> +		inode = syaoran_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +	} else
> +#endif
> +		inode = ramfs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);
>  	if (inode) {
>  		if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID) {
>  			inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
> @@ -127,7 +169,16 @@ static int ramfs_symlink(struct inode * 
>  	struct inode *inode;
>  	int error = -ENOSPC;
>  
> -	inode = ramfs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, 0);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	if (dir->i_sb->s_op == &syaoran_ops) {
> +		if (syaoran_may_create_node(dentry, S_IFLNK, 0) < 0)
> +			return -EPERM;
> +		inode = syaoran_get_inode(dir->i_sb, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, 0);
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +	} else
> +#endif
> +		inode = ramfs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, 0);
>  	if (inode) {
>  		int l = strlen(symname)+1;
>  		error = page_symlink(inode, symname, l);
> @@ -143,16 +194,130 @@ static int ramfs_symlink(struct inode * 
>  	return error;
>  }
>  
> +static int ramfs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
> +			struct dentry *dentry)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	struct inode *inode;
> +	if (dir->i_sb->s_op != &syaoran_ops)
> +		goto ok;
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
> +	if (!inode ||
> +	    syaoran_may_create_node(dentry, inode->i_mode, inode->i_rdev))
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +ok:
> +#endif
> +	return simple_link(old_dentry, dir, dentry);
> +}
> +
> +static int ramfs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	if (dir->i_sb->s_op != &syaoran_ops)
> +		goto ok;
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	if (syaoran_may_modify_node(dentry, MAY_DELETE))
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +ok:
> +#endif
> +	return simple_unlink(dir, dentry);
> +}
> +
> +static int ramfs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
> +			  struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	struct inode *inode;
> +	if (old_dir->i_sb->s_op != &syaoran_ops)
> +		goto ok;
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
> +	if (!inode || syaoran_may_modify_node(old_dentry, MAY_DELETE) ||
> +	    syaoran_may_create_node(new_dentry, inode->i_mode, inode->i_rdev))
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +ok:
> +#endif
> +	return simple_rename(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
> +}
> +
> +static int ramfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	if (dir->i_sb->s_op != &syaoran_ops)
> +		goto ok;
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	if (syaoran_may_modify_node(dentry, MAY_DELETE))
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +ok:
> +#endif
> +	return simple_rmdir(dir, dentry);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Original tmpfs doesn't set ramfs_dir_inode_operations.setattr field.
> + * Now I'm setting the field to share tmpfs/rootfs/syaoran code.
> + * Side effect is that the checking order of notify_change() has changed from
> + *  inode_change_ok() -> security_inode_setattr() ->
> + *                                     DQUOT_TRANSFER() -> inode_setattr()
> + * to
> + *  security_inode_setattr() -> inode_change_ok() ->
> + *                                     DQUOT_TRANSFER() -> inode_setattr()
> + *
> + * Is this change problematic? If problematic, I'll stop sharing the field.
> + */
> +static int ramfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
> +{
> +	unsigned int ia_valid = attr->ia_valid;
> +	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
> +	int error = inode_change_ok(inode, attr);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYAORAN
> +	unsigned int flags = 0;
> +	if (inode->i_sb->s_op != &syaoran_ops)
> +		goto ok;
> +	/*** SYAORAN start. ***/
> +	if (ia_valid & (ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID))
> +		flags |= MAY_CHOWN;
> +	if (ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
> +		flags |= MAY_CHMOD;
> +	if (syaoran_may_modify_node(dentry, flags))
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	/*** SYAORAN end. ***/
> +ok:
> +#endif
> +	if (!error) {
> +		if ((ia_valid & ATTR_UID && attr->ia_uid != inode->i_uid) ||
> +		    (ia_valid & ATTR_GID && attr->ia_gid != inode->i_gid))
> +			error = DQUOT_TRANSFER(inode, attr) ? -EDQUOT : 0;
> +		if (!error)
> +			error = inode_setattr(inode, attr);
> +	}
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
>  static const struct inode_operations ramfs_dir_inode_operations = {
>  	.create		= ramfs_create,
>  	.lookup		= simple_lookup,
> -	.link		= simple_link,
> -	.unlink		= simple_unlink,
> +	/* Set link() hook for tracking link operation. */
> +	.link		= ramfs_link,
> +	/* Set unlink() hook for tracking unlink operation. */
> +	.unlink		= ramfs_unlink,
> +	/* Set symlink() hook for tracking symlink operation. */
>  	.symlink	= ramfs_symlink,
> +	/* Set mkdir() hook for tracking mkdir operation. */
>  	.mkdir		= ramfs_mkdir,
> -	.rmdir		= simple_rmdir,
> +	/* Set rmdir() hook for tracking rmdir operation. */
> +	.rmdir		= ramfs_rmdir,
> +	/* Set mknod() hook for tracking mknod operation. */
>  	.mknod		= ramfs_mknod,
> -	.rename		= simple_rename,
> +	/* Set rename() hook for tracking rename operation. */
> +	.rename		= ramfs_rename,
> +	/* Set setattr() hook for tracking chmod/chown operations. */
> +	.setattr        = ramfs_setattr,
>  };
>  
>  static const struct super_operations ramfs_ops = {
> --- /dev/null
> +++ linux-2.6-mm/fs/ramfs/syaoran.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
> +/*
> + * fs/ramfs/syaoran.h
> + *
> + * Implementation of the Tamper-Proof Device Filesystem.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2005-2008  NTT DATA CORPORATION
> + *
> + * Version: 1.5.3-pre   2008/01/06
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef SYAORAN_H
> +#define SYAORAN_H
> +
> +#include <linux/namei.h>
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
> +
> +static struct super_operations syaoran_ops;
> +static void init_syaoran_inode(struct inode *inode, int mode);
> +
> +static int syaoran_create_tracelog(struct super_block *sb,
> +				   const char *filename);
> +static int syaoran_may_modify_node(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags);
> +
> +/* The following constants are used to restrict operations.*/
> +
> +#define MAY_CREATE          1 /* This file is allowed to be mknod()ed.        */
> +#define MAY_DELETE          2 /* This file is allowed to be unlink()ed.       */
> +#define MAY_CHMOD           4 /* This file is allowed to be chmod()ed.        */
> +#define MAY_CHOWN           8 /* This file is allowed to be chown()ed.        */
> +#define DEVICE_USED        16 /* This block or character device file is used. */
> +#define NO_CREATE_AT_MOUNT 32 /* Don't create this file at mount().           */
> +
> +/* some random number */
> +#define SYAORAN_MAGIC    0x2F646576 /* = '/dev' */
> +
> +struct dev_entry {
> +	struct list_head list;
> +	/* Binary form of pathname under mount point. Never NULL. */
> +	char *name;
> +	/*
> +	 * Mode and permissions. setuid/setgid/sticky bits are not supported.
> +	 */
> +	mode_t mode;
> +	uid_t uid;
> +	gid_t gid;
> +	dev_t kdev;
> +	/*
> +	 * Binary form of initial contents for the symlink.
> +	 *  NULL if not symlink.
> +	 */
> +	char *symlink_data;
> +	/* File access control flags. */
> +	unsigned int flags;
> +	/* Text form of pathname under mount point. Never NULL. */
> +	const char *printable_name;
> +	/*
> +	 * Text form of initial contents for the symlink.
> +	 * NULL if not symlink.
> +	 */
> +	const char *printable_symlink_data;
> +};
> +
> +struct syaoran_sb_info {
> +	struct list_head list;
> +	bool initialize_done;  /* False if initialization is in progress. */
> +	bool is_permissive_mode; /* True if permissive mode. */
> +};
> +
> +static inline struct inode *syaoran_get_inode(struct super_block *sb,
> +					      int mode, dev_t dev)
> +{
> +	return __ramfs_get_inode(sb, mode, dev, TMPFS_WITH_MAC);
> +}
> +
> +#endif
> --- linux-2.6-mm.orig/fs/Kconfig
> +++ linux-2.6-mm/fs/Kconfig
> @@ -978,6 +978,24 @@ config TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
>  
>  	  If you don't know what Access Control Lists are, say N.
>  
> +config SYAORAN
> +	bool "Tamper-proof device filesystem support"
> +	depends on TMPFS
> +	help
> +	  If you mount this filesystem for /dev directory instead of tmpfs,
> +	  you can guarantee the following thing.
> +
> +	  "Applications using well-known device locations under /dev
> +	   get the device they want" (e.g. an application that accesses
> +	   /dev/null can always get a character special device
> +	   with major=1 and minor=3).
> +
> +	  The list of possible combinations of filename and its attributes
> +	  that can exist on this filesystem is defined at mount time
> +	  using a configuration file.
> +
> +	  If unsure, say N.
> +
>  config HUGETLBFS
>  	bool "HugeTLB file system support"
>  	depends on X86 || IA64 || PPC64 || SPARC64 || (SUPERH && MMU) || BROKEN
> --- /dev/null
> +++ linux-2.6-mm/fs/ramfs/syaoran_debug.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
> +/*
> + * fs/ramfs/syaoran_debug.c
> + *
> + * Implementation of the Tamper-Proof Device Filesystem.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2005-2008  NTT DATA CORPORATION
> + *
> + * Version: 1.5.3-pre   2008/01/06
> + */
> +/*
> + * The following structure and codes are used for transferring data
> + * to interfaces files.
> + */
> +
> +#define list_for_each_cookie(pos, cookie, head) \
> +	for ((cookie) || ((cookie) = (head)), pos = (cookie)->next; \
> +		prefetch(pos->next), pos != (head) || ((cookie) = NULL); \
> +		(cookie) = pos, pos = pos->next)
> +
> +struct syaoran_read_struct {
> +	char *buf;               /* Buffer for reading.                */
> +	int avail;               /* Bytes available for reading.       */
> +	struct super_block *sb;  /* The super_block of this partition. */
> +	struct dev_entry *entry; /* The entry currently reading from.  */
> +	bool read_all;           /* Dump all entries?                  */
> +	struct list_head *pos;   /* Current position.                  */
> +};
> +
> +static void syaoran_read_table(struct syaoran_read_struct *head, char *buf,
> +			       int count)
> +{
> +	struct super_block *sb = head->sb;
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *info =
> +		(struct syaoran_sb_info *) sb->s_fs_info;
> +	struct list_head *pos;
> +	const bool read_all = head->read_all;
> +	if (!info)
> +		return;
> +	if (!head->pos)
> +		return;
> +	list_for_each_cookie(pos, head->pos, &info->list) {
> +		struct dev_entry *entry =
> +			list_entry(pos, struct dev_entry, list);
> +		const unsigned int flags =
> +			read_all ? entry->flags : entry->flags & ~DEVICE_USED;
> +		const char *name = entry->printable_name;
> +		const uid_t uid = entry->uid;
> +		const gid_t gid = entry->gid;
> +		const mode_t perm = entry->mode & 0777;
> +		int len = 0;
> +		switch (entry->mode & S_IFMT) {
> +		case S_IFCHR:
> +			if (!head->read_all && !(entry->flags & DEVICE_USED))
> +				break;
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c %3u %3u\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'c',
> +				       MAJOR(entry->kdev), MINOR(entry->kdev));
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFBLK:
> +			if (!head->read_all && !(entry->flags & DEVICE_USED))
> +				break;
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c %3u %3u\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'b',
> +				       MAJOR(entry->kdev), MINOR(entry->kdev));
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFIFO:
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'p');
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFSOCK:
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 's');
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFDIR:
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'd');
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFLNK:
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c %s\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'l',
> +				       entry->printable_symlink_data);
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFREG:
> +			len = snprintf(buf, count,
> +				       "%-20s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +				       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'f');
> +			break;
> +		}
> +		if (len < 0 || count <= len)
> +			break;
> +		count -= len;
> +		buf += len;
> +		head->avail += len;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static int syaoran_trace_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_read_struct *head =
> +		kzalloc(sizeof(*head), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!head)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	head->sb = inode->i_sb;
> +	head->read_all =
> +		(strcmp(file->f_dentry->d_name.name, ".syaoran_all") == 0);
> +	head->pos = &((struct syaoran_sb_info *) head->sb->s_fs_info)->list;
> +	head->buf = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE * 2, GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!head->buf) {
> +		kfree(head);
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
> +	file->private_data = head;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int syaoran_trace_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_read_struct *head = file->private_data;
> +	kfree(head->buf);
> +	kfree(head);
> +	file->private_data = NULL;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static ssize_t syaoran_trace_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
> +				  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_read_struct *head =
> +		(struct syaoran_read_struct *) file->private_data;
> +	int len = head->avail;
> +	char *cp = head->buf;
> +	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, count))
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +	syaoran_read_table(head, cp + len, PAGE_SIZE * 2 - len);
> +	len = head->avail;
> +	if (len > count)
> +		len = count;
> +	if (len > 0) {
> +		if (copy_to_user(buf, cp, len))
> +			return -EFAULT;
> +		head->avail -= len;
> +		memmove(cp, cp + len, head->avail);
> +	}
> +	return len;
> +}
> +
> +static struct file_operations syaoran_trace_operations = {
> +	.open    = syaoran_trace_open,
> +	.release = syaoran_trace_release,
> +	.read    = syaoran_trace_read,
> +};
> +
> +/* Create interface files for reading status. */
> +static int syaoran_create_tracelog(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename)
> +{
> +	struct inode *inode;
> +	struct dentry *base = dget(sb->s_root);
> +	struct dentry *dentry = lookup_create2(filename, base, 0);
> +	int error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
> +	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
> +		goto out;
> +	inode = syaoran_get_inode(sb, S_IFREG | 0400, 0);
> +	if (!inode)
> +		error = -ENOSPC;
> +	else {
> +		/* Override file operation. */
> +		inode->i_fop = &syaoran_trace_operations;
> +		d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
> +		dget(dentry); /* Extra count - pin the dentry in core */
> +		error = 0;
> +	}
> +	dput(dentry);
> +out:
> +	mutex_unlock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +	dput(base);
> +	return error;
> +}
> --- /dev/null
> +++ linux-2.6-mm/fs/ramfs/syaoran_init.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
> +/*
> + * fs/ramfs/syaoran_init.c
> + *
> + * Implementation of the Tamper-Proof Device Filesystem.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2005-2008  NTT DATA CORPORATION
> + *
> + * Version: 1.5.3-pre   2008/01/06
> + */
> +
> +/*
> + * The following codes are used for processing the policy file and
> + * creating initial nodes at mount time.
> + */
> +
> +/* lookup_create() without nameidata */
> +static struct dentry *lookup_create2(const char *name, struct dentry *base,
> +				     const bool is_dir)
> +{
> +	struct dentry *dentry;
> +	const int len = name ? strlen(name) : 0;
> +	mutex_lock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +	dentry = lookup_one_len(name, base, len);
> +	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
> +		goto fail;
> +	if (!is_dir && name[len] && !dentry->d_inode)
> +		goto enoent;
> +	return dentry;
> +enoent:
> +	dput(dentry);
> +	dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
> +fail:
> +	return dentry;
> +}
> +
> +static int fs_mkdir(const char *pathname, struct dentry *base, int mode,
> +		    uid_t user, gid_t group)
> +{
> +	struct dentry *dentry = lookup_create2(pathname, base, 1);
> +	int error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
> +	if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
> +		error = vfs_mkdir(base->d_inode, dentry, mode);
> +		if (!error) {
> +			lock_kernel();
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_uid = user;
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_gid = group;
> +			unlock_kernel();
> +		}
> +		dput(dentry);
> +	}
> +	mutex_unlock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int fs_mknod(const char *filename, struct dentry *base, int mode,
> +		    dev_t dev, uid_t user, gid_t group)
> +{
> +	struct dentry *dentry;
> +	int error;
> +	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
> +	case S_IFCHR:
> +	case S_IFBLK:
> +	case S_IFIFO:
> +	case S_IFSOCK:
> +	case S_IFREG:
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	}
> +	dentry = lookup_create2(filename, base, 0);
> +	error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
> +	if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
> +		error = vfs_mknod(base->d_inode, dentry, mode, dev);
> +		if (!error) {
> +			lock_kernel();
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_uid = user;
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_gid = group;
> +			unlock_kernel();
> +		}
> +		dput(dentry);
> +	}
> +	mutex_unlock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int fs_symlink(const char *pathname, struct dentry *base,
> +		      char *oldname, int mode, uid_t user, gid_t group)
> +{
> +	struct dentry *dentry = lookup_create2(pathname, base, 0);
> +	int error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
> +	if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
> +		error = vfs_symlink(base->d_inode, dentry, oldname, S_IALLUGO);
> +		if (!error) {
> +			lock_kernel();
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_mode = mode;
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_uid = user;
> +			dentry->d_inode->i_gid = group;
> +			unlock_kernel();
> +		}
> +		dput(dentry);
> +	}
> +	mutex_unlock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Format string.
> + * Leading and trailing whitespaces are removed.
> + * Multiple whitespaces are packed into single space.
> + */
> +static void syaoran_normalize_line(unsigned char *buffer)
> +{
> +	unsigned char *sp = buffer;
> +	unsigned char *dp = buffer;
> +	bool first = 1;
> +	while (*sp && (*sp <= ' ' || *sp >= 127))
> +		sp++;
> +	while (*sp) {
> +		if (!first)
> +			*dp++ = ' ';
> +		first = 0;
> +		while (*sp > ' ' && *sp < 127)
> +			*dp++ = *sp++;
> +		while (*sp && (*sp <= ' ' || *sp >= 127))
> +			sp++;
> +	}
> +	*dp = '\0';
> +}
> +
> +/* Convert text form of filename into binary form. */
> +static void syaoran_unescape(char *filename)
> +{
> +	char *cp = filename;
> +	char c, d, e;
> +	if (!cp)
> +		return;
> +	while ((c = *filename++) != '\0') {
> +		if (c != '\\') {
> +			*cp++ = c;
> +			continue;
> +		}
> +		if ((c = *filename++) == '\\') {
> +			*cp++ = c;
> +			continue;
> +		}
> +		if (c < '0' || c > '3')
> +			break;
> +		d = *filename++;
> +		if (d < '0' || d > '7')
> +			break;
> +		e = *filename++;
> +		if (e < '0' || e > '7')
> +			break;
> +		*(unsigned char *) cp++ = (unsigned char)
> +			(((unsigned char) (c - '0') << 6) +
> +			 ((unsigned char) (d - '0') << 3) +
> +			 (unsigned char) (e - '0'));
> +	}
> +	*cp = '\0';
> +}
> +
> +static inline char *strdup(const char *data)
> +{
> +	return kstrdup(data, GFP_KERNEL);
> +}
> +
> +static int register_node_info(char *buffer, struct super_block *sb)
> +{
> +	enum {
> +		ARG_FILENAME     = 0,
> +		ARG_PERMISSION   = 1,
> +		ARG_UID          = 2,
> +		ARG_GID          = 3,
> +		ARG_FLAGS        = 4,
> +		ARG_DEV_TYPE     = 5,
> +		ARG_SYMLINK_DATA = 6,
> +		ARG_DEV_MAJOR    = 6,
> +		ARG_DEV_MINOR    = 7,
> +		MAX_ARG          = 8
> +	};
> +	char *args[MAX_ARG];
> +	int i;
> +	int error = -EINVAL;
> +	unsigned int perm, uid, gid, flags, major = 0, minor = 0;
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *info = (struct syaoran_sb_info *) sb->s_fs_info;
> +	struct dev_entry *entry;
> +	memset(args, 0, sizeof(args));
> +	args[0] = buffer;
> +	for (i = 1; i < MAX_ARG; i++) {
> +		args[i] = strchr(args[i - 1] + 1, ' ');
> +		if (!args[i])
> +			break;
> +		*args[i]++ = '\0';
> +	}
> +	/*
> +	  printk("<%s> <%s> <%s> <%s> <%s> <%s> <%s> <%s>\n",
> +	  args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5],
> +	  args[6], args[7]);
> +	*/
> +	if (!args[ARG_FILENAME] || !args[ARG_PERMISSION] || !args[ARG_UID] ||
> +	    !args[ARG_GID] || !args[ARG_DEV_TYPE] || !args[ARG_FLAGS])
> +		goto out;
> +	if (sscanf(args[ARG_PERMISSION], "%o", &perm) != 1 || !(perm <= 0777)
> +	    || sscanf(args[ARG_UID], "%u", &uid) != 1
> +	    || sscanf(args[ARG_GID], "%u", &gid) != 1
> +	    || sscanf(args[ARG_FLAGS], "%u", &flags) != 1
> +	    || *(args[ARG_DEV_TYPE] + 1))
> +		goto out;
> +	switch (*args[ARG_DEV_TYPE]) {
> +	case 'c':
> +		perm |= S_IFCHR;
> +		if (!args[ARG_DEV_MAJOR]
> +		    || sscanf(args[ARG_DEV_MAJOR], "%u", &major) != 1
> +		    || !args[ARG_DEV_MINOR]
> +		    || sscanf(args[ARG_DEV_MINOR], "%u", &minor) != 1)
> +			goto out;
> +		break;
> +	case 'b':
> +		perm |= S_IFBLK;
> +		if (!args[ARG_DEV_MAJOR]
> +		    || sscanf(args[ARG_DEV_MAJOR], "%u", &major) != 1
> +		    || !args[ARG_DEV_MINOR]
> +		    || sscanf(args[ARG_DEV_MINOR], "%u", &minor) != 1)
> +			goto out;
> +		break;
> +	case 'l':
> +		perm |= S_IFLNK;
> +		if (!args[ARG_SYMLINK_DATA])
> +			goto out;
> +		break;
> +	case 'd':
> +		perm |= S_IFDIR;
> +		break;
> +	case 's':
> +		perm |= S_IFSOCK;
> +		break;
> +	case 'p':
> +		perm |= S_IFIFO;
> +		break;
> +	case 'f':
> +		perm |= S_IFREG;
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +	error = -ENOMEM;
> +	entry = kzalloc(sizeof(*entry), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!entry)
> +		goto out;
> +	if (S_ISLNK(perm)) {
> +		entry->printable_symlink_data = strdup(args[ARG_SYMLINK_DATA]);
> +		if (!entry->printable_symlink_data)
> +			goto out_freemem;
> +	}
> +	entry->printable_name = strdup(args[ARG_FILENAME]);
> +	if (!entry->printable_name)
> +		goto out_freemem;
> +	if (S_ISLNK(perm)) {
> +		entry->symlink_data = strdup(entry->printable_symlink_data);
> +		if (!entry->symlink_data)
> +			goto out_freemem;
> +		syaoran_unescape(entry->symlink_data);
> +	}
> +	entry->name = strdup(entry->printable_name);
> +	if (!entry->name)
> +		goto out_freemem;
> +	syaoran_unescape(entry->name);
> +	/*
> +	 * Drop trailing '/', for GetLocalAbsolutePath() doesn't append
> +	 *  trailing '/'.
> +	 */
> +	i = strlen(entry->name);
> +	if (i && entry->name[i - 1] == '/')
> +		entry->name[i - 1] = '\0';
> +	entry->mode = perm;
> +	entry->uid = uid;
> +	entry->gid = gid;
> +	entry->kdev = S_ISCHR(perm) || S_ISBLK(perm) ? MKDEV(major, minor) : 0;
> +	entry->flags = flags;
> +	list_add_tail(&entry->list, &info->list);
> +	/* printk("Entry added.\n"); */
> +	error = 0;
> +out:
> +	return error;
> +out_freemem:
> +	kfree(entry->printable_symlink_data);
> +	kfree(entry->printable_name);
> +	kfree(entry->symlink_data);
> +	kfree(entry);
> +	goto out;
> +}
> +
> +static int read_config_file(struct file *file, struct super_block *sb)
> +{
> +	char *buffer;
> +	int error = -ENOMEM;
> +	if (!file)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	buffer = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (buffer) {
> +		int len;
> +		char *cp;
> +		unsigned long offset = 0;
> +		while ((len = kernel_read(file, offset, buffer, PAGE_SIZE)) > 0
> +		       && (cp = memchr(buffer, '\n', len)) != NULL) {
> +			*cp = '\0';
> +			offset += cp - buffer + 1;
> +			syaoran_normalize_line(buffer);
> +			if (register_node_info(buffer, sb) == -ENOMEM)
> +				goto out;
> +		}
> +		error = 0;
> +	}
> +out:
> +	kfree(buffer);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static void make_node(struct dev_entry *entry, struct dentry *root)
> +{
> +	struct dentry *base = dget(root);
> +	char *filename = entry->name;
> +	char *name = filename;
> +	unsigned int c;
> +	const mode_t perm = entry->mode;
> +	const uid_t uid = entry->uid;
> +	const gid_t gid = entry->gid;
> +	goto start;
> +	while ((c = *(unsigned char *) filename) != '\0') {
> +		if (c == '/') {
> +			struct dentry *new_base;
> +			const int len = filename - name;
> +			*filename = '\0';
> +			mutex_lock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +			new_base = lookup_one_len(name, base, len);
> +			mutex_unlock(&base->d_inode->i_mutex);
> +			dput(base);
> +			*filename = '/';
> +			filename++;
> +			if (IS_ERR(new_base))
> +				return;
> +			if (!new_base->d_inode ||
> +			    !S_ISDIR(new_base->d_inode->i_mode)) {
> +				dput(new_base);
> +				return;
> +			}
> +			base = new_base;
> +start:
> +			name = filename;
> +		} else {
> +			filename++;
> +		}
> +	}
> +	filename = (char *) name;
> +	if (S_ISLNK(perm)) {
> +		fs_symlink(filename, base, entry->symlink_data, perm, uid, gid);
> +	} else if (S_ISDIR(perm)) {
> +		fs_mkdir(filename, base, perm ^ S_IFDIR, uid, gid);
> +	} else if (S_ISSOCK(perm) || S_ISFIFO(perm) || S_ISREG(perm)) {
> +		fs_mknod(filename, base, perm, 0, uid, gid);
> +	} else if (S_ISCHR(perm) || S_ISBLK(perm)) {
> +		fs_mknod(filename, base, perm, entry->kdev, uid, gid);
> +	}
> +	dput(base);
> +}
> +
> +/* Create files according to the policy file. */
> +static void syaoran_make_initial_nodes(struct super_block *sb)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *info;
> +	struct dev_entry *entry;
> +	if (!sb)
> +		return;
> +	info = (struct syaoran_sb_info *) sb->s_fs_info;
> +	if (!info)
> +		return;
> +	if (info->is_permissive_mode) {
> +		syaoran_create_tracelog(sb, ".syaoran");
> +		syaoran_create_tracelog(sb, ".syaoran_all");
> +	}
> +	list_for_each_entry(entry, &info->list, list) {
> +		if ((entry->flags & NO_CREATE_AT_MOUNT) == 0)
> +			make_node(entry, sb->s_root);
> +	}
> +	info->initialize_done = 1;
> +}
> +
> +/* Read policy file. */
> +static int syaoran_initialize(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
> +{
> +	int error = -EINVAL;
> +	struct file *f;
> +	char *filename = (char *) data;
> +	bool is_permissive_mode = 0;
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *p;
> +	static bool first = 1;
> +	if (first) {
> +		first = 0;
> +		printk(KERN_INFO "SYAORAN: 1.5.3-pre   2008/01/06\n");
> +	}
> +	if (!filename) {
> +		printk(KERN_INFO "SYAORAN: Missing config-file path.\n");
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	} else if (strncmp(filename, "accept=", 7) == 0) {
> +		filename += 7;
> +		is_permissive_mode = 1;
> +	} else if (strncmp(filename, "enforce=", 8) == 0) {
> +		filename += 8;
> +		is_permissive_mode = 0;
> +	} else {
> +		printk(KERN_INFO "SYAORAN: Missing 'accept=' or 'enforce='.\n");
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +	f = open_pathname(AT_FDCWD, filename, O_RDONLY, 0600);
> +	if (IS_ERR(f)) {
> +		printk(KERN_INFO "SYAORAN: Can't open '%s'\n", filename);
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +	if (!S_ISREG(f->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
> +		goto out;
> +	p = kzalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!p)
> +		goto out;
> +	p->is_permissive_mode = is_permissive_mode;
> +	sb->s_fs_info = p;
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&((struct syaoran_sb_info *) sb->s_fs_info)->list);
> +	printk(KERN_INFO "SYAORAN: Reading '%s'\n", filename);
> +	error = read_config_file(f, sb);
> +out:
> +	if (error)
> +		printk(KERN_INFO "SYAORAN: Can't read '%s'\n", filename);
> +	filp_close(f, NULL);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int syaoran_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
> +{
> +	struct inode *inode;
> +	struct dentry *root;
> +	int error;
> +
> +	sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
> +	sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
> +	sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
> +	sb->s_magic = SYAORAN_MAGIC;
> +	sb->s_op = &syaoran_ops;
> +	sb->s_time_gran = 1;
> +	error = syaoran_initialize(sb, data);
> +	if (error < 0)
> +		return error;
> +	inode = syaoran_get_inode(sb, S_IFDIR | 0755, 0);
> +	if (!inode)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	root = d_alloc_root(inode);
> +	if (!root) {
> +		iput(inode);
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
> +	sb->s_root = root;
> +	syaoran_make_initial_nodes(sb);
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int syaoran_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags,
> +			  const char *dev_name, void *data,
> +			  struct vfsmount *mnt)
> +{
> +	return get_sb_nodev(fs_type, flags, data, syaoran_fill_super, mnt);
> +}
> +
> +static void syaoran_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *info;
> +	struct dev_entry *entry;
> +	struct dev_entry *tmp;
> +	if (!sb)
> +		return;
> +	info = (struct syaoran_sb_info *) sb->s_fs_info;
> +	if (!info)
> +		return;
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, &info->list, list) {
> +		kfree(entry->name);
> +		kfree(entry->symlink_data);
> +		kfree(entry->printable_name);
> +		kfree(entry->printable_symlink_data);
> +		list_del(&entry->list);
> +		/* printk("Entry removed.\n"); */
> +		kfree(entry);
> +	}
> +	kfree(info);
> +	sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
> +	printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: Unused memory freed.\n", __FUNCTION__);
> +}
> +
> +static struct file_system_type syaoran_fs_type = {
> +	.name           = "syaoran",
> +	.get_sb         = syaoran_get_sb,
> +	.kill_sb        = kill_litter_super,
> +};
> +
> +static struct file_operations wrapped_def_blk_fops;
> +static struct file_operations wrapped_def_chr_fops;
> +static struct inode_operations syaoran_file_inode_operations;
> +static struct inode_operations syaoran_symlink_inode_operations;
> +static int ramfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr);
> +static const struct super_operations ramfs_ops;
> +
> +static void init_syaoran_inode(struct inode *inode, int mode)
> +{
> +	/* Set open() hook for tracking open request. */
> +	if (S_ISBLK(mode))
> +		inode->i_fop = &wrapped_def_blk_fops;
> +	else if (S_ISCHR(mode))
> +		inode->i_fop = &wrapped_def_chr_fops;
> +	/*
> +	 * Set setattr() hook for tracking chmod/chwon request.
> +	 * The setattr() hook of derectory is already set by
> +	 * ramfs_dir_inode_operations.
> +	 */
> +	if (S_ISLNK(mode))
> +		inode->i_op = &syaoran_symlink_inode_operations;
> +	else
> +		inode->i_op = &syaoran_file_inode_operations;
> +}
> +
> +static int wrapped_blkdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
> +{
> +	int error = def_blk_fops.open(inode, filp);
> +	if (error != -ENXIO)
> +		syaoran_may_modify_node(filp->f_dentry, DEVICE_USED);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int wrapped_chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
> +{
> +	int error = def_chr_fops.open(inode, filp);
> +	if (error != -ENXIO)
> +		syaoran_may_modify_node(filp->f_dentry, DEVICE_USED);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int __init init_syaoran_fs(void)
> +{
> +	/* Set open() hook for tracking open operation of block devices. */
> +	wrapped_def_blk_fops = def_blk_fops;
> +	wrapped_def_blk_fops.open = wrapped_blkdev_open;
> +	/* Set open() hook for tracking open operation of character devices. */
> +	wrapped_def_chr_fops = def_chr_fops;
> +	wrapped_def_chr_fops.open = wrapped_chrdev_open;
> +	/* Set setattr() hook for tracking chmod/chown operations of file. */
> +	syaoran_file_inode_operations = ramfs_file_inode_operations;
> +	syaoran_file_inode_operations.setattr = ramfs_setattr;
> +	/* Set setattr() hook for tracking chmod/chown operations of symlink. */
> +	syaoran_symlink_inode_operations = page_symlink_inode_operations;
> +	syaoran_symlink_inode_operations.setattr = ramfs_setattr;
> +	/* Set umount() hook for freeing memory. */
> +	syaoran_ops = ramfs_ops;
> +	syaoran_ops.put_super = syaoran_put_super;
> +	return register_filesystem(&syaoran_fs_type);
> +}
> +
> +static void __exit exit_syaoran_fs(void)
> +{
> +	unregister_filesystem(&syaoran_fs_type);
> +}
> +module_init(init_syaoran_fs);
> +module_exit(exit_syaoran_fs);
> --- /dev/null
> +++ linux-2.6-mm/fs/ramfs/syaoran_main.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
> +/*
> + * fs/ramfs/syaoran_main.c
> + *
> + * Implementation of the Tamper-Proof Device Filesystem.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2005-2008  NTT DATA CORPORATION
> + *
> + * Version: 1.5.3-pre   2008/01/06
> + */
> +
> +/* Get absolute pathname from mount point. */
> +static int get_local_absolute_path(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer,
> +				   int buflen)
> +{
> +	char *start = buffer;
> +	char *end = buffer + buflen;
> +	int namelen;
> +
> +	if (buflen < 256)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	*--end = '\0';
> +	buflen--;
> +	for (;;) {
> +		struct dentry *parent;
> +		if (IS_ROOT(dentry))
> +			break;
> +		parent = dentry->d_parent;
> +		namelen = dentry->d_name.len;
> +		buflen -= namelen + 1;
> +		if (buflen < 0)
> +			goto out;
> +		end -= namelen;
> +		memcpy(end, dentry->d_name.name, namelen);
> +		*--end = '/';
> +		dentry = parent;
> +	}
> +	if (*end == '/') {
> +		buflen++;
> +		end++;
> +	}
> +	namelen = dentry->d_name.len;
> +	buflen -= namelen;
> +	if (buflen < 0)
> +		goto out;
> +	end -= namelen;
> +	memcpy(end, dentry->d_name.name, namelen);
> +	memmove(start, end, strlen(end) + 1);
> +	return 0;
> +out:
> +	return -ENOMEM;
> +}
> +
> +/* Get absolute pathname of the given dentry from mount point. */
> +static int local_realpath_from_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, char *newname,
> +				      int newname_len)
> +{
> +	int error;
> +	struct dentry *d_dentry;
> +	if (!dentry || !newname || newname_len <= 0)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	d_dentry = dget(dentry);
> +	/***** CRITICAL SECTION START *****/
> +	spin_lock(&dcache_lock);
> +	error = get_local_absolute_path(d_dentry, newname, newname_len);
> +	spin_unlock(&dcache_lock);
> +	/***** CRITICAL SECTION END *****/
> +	dput(d_dentry);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int syaoran_check_flags(struct syaoran_sb_info *info,
> +			       struct dentry *dentry, int mode, int dev,
> +			       unsigned int flags)
> +{
> +	int error = -EPERM;
> +	struct dev_entry *entry;
> +	/*
> +	 * Since local_realpath_from_dentry() holds dcache_lock,
> +	 * allocating buffer using kmalloc() won't help improving concurrency.
> +	 * Therefore, I use static buffer here.
> +	 */
> +	static char filename[PAGE_SIZE];
> +	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lock);
> +	spin_lock(&lock);
> +	memset(filename, 0, sizeof(filename));
> +	if (local_realpath_from_dentry(dentry, filename, sizeof(filename) - 1))
> +		goto out;
> +	list_for_each_entry(entry, &info->list, list) {
> +		if ((mode & S_IFMT) != (entry->mode & S_IFMT))
> +			continue;
> +		if ((S_ISBLK(mode) || S_ISCHR(mode)) && dev != entry->kdev)
> +			continue;
> +		if (strcmp(entry->name, filename + 1))
> +			continue;
> +		if (info->is_permissive_mode) {
> +			entry->flags |= flags;
> +			error = 0;
> +		} else {
> +			if ((entry->flags & flags) == flags)
> +				error = 0;
> +		}
> +		break;
> +	}
> +out:
> +	if (error && strlen(filename) < (sizeof(filename) / 4) - 16) {
> +		const char *name;
> +		const uid_t uid = current->fsuid;
> +		const gid_t gid = current->fsgid;
> +		const mode_t perm = mode & 0777;
> +		flags &= ~DEVICE_USED;
> +		{
> +			char *end = filename + sizeof(filename) - 1;
> +			const char *cp = strchr(filename, '\0') - 1;
> +			while (cp > filename) {
> +				const unsigned char c = *cp--;
> +				if (c == '\\') {
> +					*--end = '\\';
> +					*--end = '\\';
> +				} else if (c > ' ' && c < 127) {
> +					*--end = c;
> +				} else {
> +					*--end = (c & 7) + '0';
> +					*--end = ((c >> 3) & 7) + '0';
> +					*--end = (c >> 6) + '0';
> +					*--end = '\\';
> +				}
> +			}
> +			name = end;
> +		}
> +		switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
> +		case S_IFCHR:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c %3u %3u\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'c',
> +			       MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev));
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFBLK:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c %3u %3u\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'b',
> +			       MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev));
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFIFO:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'p');
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFSOCK:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 's');
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFDIR:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'd');
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFLNK:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c %s\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'l', "unknown");
> +			break;
> +		case S_IFREG:
> +			printk(KERN_DEBUG
> +			       "SYAORAN-ERROR: %s %3o %3u %3u %2u %c\n",
> +			       name, perm, uid, gid, flags, 'f');
> +			break;
> +		}
> +	}
> +	spin_unlock(&lock);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +/* Check whether the given dentry is allowed to mknod. */
> +static int syaoran_may_create_node(struct dentry *dentry, int mode, int dev)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *info =
> +		(struct syaoran_sb_info *) dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
> +	if (!info) {
> +		printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info == NULL\n",
> +		       __FUNCTION__);
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	}
> +	if (!info->initialize_done)
> +		return 0;
> +	return syaoran_check_flags(info, dentry, mode, dev, MAY_CREATE);
> +}
> +
> +/* Check whether the given dentry is allowed to chmod/chown/unlink. */
> +static int syaoran_may_modify_node(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
> +{
> +	struct syaoran_sb_info *info =
> +		(struct syaoran_sb_info *) dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
> +	if (!info) {
> +		printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info == NULL\n",
> +		       __FUNCTION__);
> +		return -EPERM;
> +	}
> +	if (flags == DEVICE_USED && !info->is_permissive_mode)
> +		return 0;
> +	if (!dentry->d_inode)
> +		return -ENOENT;
> +	return syaoran_check_flags(info, dentry, dentry->d_inode->i_mode,
> +				   dentry->d_inode->i_rdev, flags);
> +}
> +
> --
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