Date:	Sun, 13 Jan 2008 17:24:18 +0100
From:	Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@...ranet.com>
To:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
	kvm-devel@...ts.sourceforge.net
Cc:	Avi Kivity <avi@...ranet.com>, Izik Eidus <izike@...ranet.com>,
	clameter@....com, daniel.blueman@...drics.com, holt@....com,
	steiner@....com, Andrew Morton <akpm@...l.org>,
	Hugh Dickins <hugh@...itas.com>, Nick Piggin <npiggin@...e.de>,
	Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@...nel.crashing.org>
Subject: [PATCH] mmu notifiers #v2

Hello,

This patch is last version of a basic implementation of the mmu
notifiers.

In short when the linux VM decides to free a page, it will unmap it
from the linux pagetables. However when a page is mapped not just by
the regular linux ptes, but also from the shadow pagetables, it's
currently unfreeable by the linux VM.

This patch allows the shadow pagetables to be dropped and the page to
be freed after that, if the linux VM decides to unmap the page from
the main ptes because it wants to swap out the page.

In my basic initial patch I only track the tlb flushes which should be
the minimum required to have a nice linux-VM controlled swapping
behavior of the KVM gphysical memory. The shadow-ptes works much like
a TLB, so the same way we flush the tlb after clearing the ptes, we
should also issue the mmu_notifier invalidate_page/range/release
methods. Quadrics needs much more than that to optimize things to
preload secondary-ptes after main-pte instantiation (to prevent page
faults) and other similar optimizations, but it's easy to add more
methods to the below code to fit their needs if the basic
infrastructure is ok. Furthermore the best would be to use
self-modifying code to implement the notifiers as a nop inst when
disarmed but such an optimization is a low priority for now.

This follows the model of Avi's original patch, however I guess it
would also be possible to track when the VM shrink_cache methods wants
to free a certain host-page_t instead of tracking when the tlb is
flushed. Not sure if other ways are feasible or better, but the below
is the most important bit we need for KVM to swap nicely with minimal
overhead to the host kernel even if KVM is unused.

About the locking perhaps I'm underestimating it, but by following the
TLB flushing analogy, by simply clearing the shadow ptes (with kvm
mmu_lock spinlock to avoid racing with other vcpu spte accesses of
course) and flushing the shadow-pte after clearing the main linux pte,
it should be enough to serialize against shadow-pte page faults that
would call into get_user_pages. Flushing the host TLB before or after
the shadow-ptes shouldn't matter.

Comments welcome... especially from SGI/IBM/Quadrics and all other
potential users of this functionality.

Patch is running on my desktop and swapping out a 3G non-linux VM, smp
guest and smp host as I write this, it seems to work fine (only
tested with SVM so far).

If you're interested in the KVM usage of this feature, in the below
link you can see how it enables full KVM swapping using the core linux
kernel virtual memory algorithms using the KVM rmap (like pte-chains)
to unmap shadow-ptes in addition to the mm/rmap.c for the regular
ptes.

      http://marc.info/?l=kvm-devel&m=120023119710198&w=2

This is a zero-risk patch when unused. So I hope we can quickly
concentrate on finalize the interface and merge it ASAP. It's mostly a
matter of deciding if this is the right way of getting notification of
VM mapping invalidations, mapping instantiations for secondary
TLBs/MMUs/RDMA/Shadow etc...

There are also certain details I'm uncertain about, like passing 'mm'
to the lowlevel methods, my KVM usage of the invalidate_page()
notifier for example only uses 'mm' for a BUG_ON for example:

void kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_page(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
				      struct mm_struct *mm,
[..]
	BUG_ON(mm != kvm->mm);
[..]

BTW, if anybody needs 'mm' the mm could also be stored in the
container of the 'mn', incidentally like in KVM case.  containerof is
an efficient and standard way to do things. OTOH I kept passing down
the 'mm' like below just in case others don't have 'mm' saved in the
container for other reasons like we have in struct kvm, and they
prefer to get it through registers/stack. In practice it won't make
any measurable difference, it's mostly a style issue.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@...ranet.com>

diff --git a/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h b/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h
--- a/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ do {									\
 	pte_t __pte;							\
 	__pte = ptep_get_and_clear((__vma)->vm_mm, __address, __ptep);	\
 	flush_tlb_page(__vma, __address);				\
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_page, (__vma)->vm_mm, __address);	\
 	__pte;								\
 })
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
 #include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
 
 struct mempolicy;
 struct anon_vma;
diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
@@ -219,6 +219,10 @@ struct mm_struct {
 	/* aio bits */
 	rwlock_t		ioctx_list_lock;
 	struct kioctx		*ioctx_list;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
+	struct hlist_head mmu_notifier; /* MMU notifier list */
+#endif
 };
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h b/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#ifndef _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H
+#define _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H
+
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
+
+struct mmu_notifier;
+
+struct mmu_notifier_ops {
+	void (*release)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+			struct mm_struct *mm);
+	void (*invalidate_page)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				struct mm_struct *mm,
+				unsigned long address);
+	void (*invalidate_range)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				 struct mm_struct *mm,
+				 unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+};
+
+struct mmu_notifier {
+	struct hlist_node hlist;
+	const struct mmu_notifier_ops *ops;
+};
+
+extern void mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				  struct mm_struct *mm);
+extern void mmu_notifier_unregister(struct mmu_notifier *mn);
+extern void mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm);
+
+#define mmu_notifier(function, mm, args...)				\
+	do {								\
+		struct mmu_notifier *__mn;				\
+		struct hlist_node *__n;					\
+									\
+		hlist_for_each_entry(__mn, __n, &(mm)->mmu_notifier, hlist) \
+			if (__mn->ops->function)			\
+				__mn->ops->function(__mn, mm, args);	\
+	} while (0)
+
+#else /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
+
+#define mmu_notifier_register(mn, mm) do {} while(0)
+#define mmu_notifier_unregister(mn) do {} while (0)
+#define mmu_notifier_release(mm) do {} while (0)
+
+#define mmu_notifier(function, mm, args...)	\
+	do { } while (0)
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H */
diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
--- a/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/mm/Kconfig
@@ -193,3 +193,7 @@ config VIRT_TO_BUS
 config VIRT_TO_BUS
 	def_bool y
 	depends on !ARCH_NO_VIRT_TO_BUS
+
+config MMU_NOTIFIER
+	def_bool y
+	bool "MMU notifier, for paging KVM/RDMA"
diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MIGRATION) += migrate.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MIGRATION) += migrate.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += allocpercpu.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_QUICKLIST) += quicklist.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER) += mmu_notifier.o
 
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -753,6 +753,7 @@ void __unmap_hugepage_range(struct vm_ar
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
 	flush_tlb_range(vma, start, end);
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_range, mm, start, end);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &page_list, lru) {
 		list_del(&page->lru);
 		put_page(page);
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -889,6 +889,7 @@ unsigned long zap_page_range(struct vm_a
 	end = unmap_vmas(&tlb, vma, address, end, &nr_accounted, details);
 	if (tlb)
 		tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, address, end);
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_range, mm, address, end);
 	return end;
 }
 
@@ -1358,6 +1359,7 @@ int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struc
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_range, mm, end-PAGE_ALIGN(size), end);
 	return err;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_pfn_range);
@@ -1452,6 +1454,7 @@ int apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_range, mm, end-size, end);
 	return err;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(apply_to_page_range);
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -1747,6 +1747,7 @@ static void unmap_region(struct mm_struc
 	free_pgtables(&tlb, vma, prev? prev->vm_end: FIRST_USER_ADDRESS,
 				 next? next->vm_start: 0);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, start, end);
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_range, mm, start, end);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2043,6 +2044,7 @@ void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm)
 	vm_unacct_memory(nr_accounted);
 	free_pgtables(&tlb, vma, FIRST_USER_ADDRESS, 0);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, 0, end);
+	mmu_notifier_release(mm);
 
 	/*
 	 * Walk the list again, actually closing and freeing it,
diff --git a/mm/mmu_notifier.c b/mm/mmu_notifier.c
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/mmu_notifier.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ *  linux/mm/mmu_notifier.c
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008  Qumranet, Inc.
+ *
+ *  This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
+ *  the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+void mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+	struct mmu_notifier *mn;
+	struct hlist_node *n, *tmp;
+
+	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(mn, n, tmp, &mm->mmu_notifier, hlist) {
+		if (mn->ops->release)
+			mn->ops->release(mn, mm);
+		hlist_del(&mn->hlist);
+	}
+}
+
+void mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+	hlist_add_head(&mn->hlist, &mm->mmu_notifier);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmu_notifier_register);
+
+void mmu_notifier_unregister(struct mmu_notifier *mn)
+{
+	hlist_del(&mn->hlist);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmu_notifier_unregister);
--
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