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Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2008 11:05:52 -0800
From: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...radead.org>
To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: mingo@...e.hu, Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@...oo.com.au>
Subject: [patch v2] x86: Add testcases for RODATA and NX
protections/attributes
Subject: x86: Add testcases for RODATA and NX protections/attributes
From: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...ux.intel.com>
This patch adds testcases for the CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA configuration option
as well as the NX CPU feature/mappings. Both testcases can move to tests/
once that patch gets merged into mainline.
(I'm half considering moving the rodata test into mm/init.c but I'll
wait with that until init.c is unified)
As part of this I had to fix a not-quite-right alignment in the vmlinux.lds.h
for the RODATA sections, which lead to 1 page less being marked read only.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...ux.intel.com>
---
arch/x86/Kconfig.debug | 16 +++
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_32 | 2
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_64 | 3
arch/x86/kernel/test_nx.c | 179 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/kernel/test_rodata.c | 81 +++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/mm/init_32.c | 2
arch/x86/mm/init_64.c | 2
include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 1
include/asm-x86/cacheflush.h | 7 +
9 files changed, 292 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
@@ -57,6 +57,22 @@ config DEBUG_RODATA
portion of the kernel code won't be covered by a 2MB TLB anymore.
If in doubt, say "N".
+config DEBUG_RODATA_TEST
+ bool "Testcase for the DEBUG_RODATA feature"
+ depends on DEBUG_RODATA
+ help
+ This option enables a testcase for the DEBUG_RODATA
+ feature as well as for the change_page_attr() infrastructure.
+ If in doubt, say "N"
+
+config DEBUG_NX_TEST
+ tristate "Testcase for the NX non-executable stack feature"
+ depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && m
+ help
+ This option enables a testcase for the CPU NX capability
+ and the software setup of this feature.
+ If in doubt, say "N"
+
config 4KSTACKS
bool "Use 4Kb for kernel stacks instead of 8Kb"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_32
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_32
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_32
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK) += early_prin
obj-$(CONFIG_HPET_TIMER) += hpet.o
obj-$(CONFIG_K8_NB) += k8.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) += geode_32.o mfgpt_32.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA_TEST) += test_rodata.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_NX_TEST) += test_nx.o
obj-$(CONFIG_VMI) += vmi_32.o vmiclock_32.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT) += paravirt_32.o
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_64
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_64
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile_64
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT) += audit_64.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES) += module_64.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PCI) += early-quirks.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA_TEST) += test_rodata.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_NX_TEST) += test_nx.o
+
obj-y += topology.o
obj-y += pcspeaker.o
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/test_nx.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/test_nx.c
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * test_nx.c: functional test for NX functionality
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
+ * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...ux.intel.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
+ * of the License.
+ */
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/sort.h>
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+
+
+/*
+ * This file checks 2 things:
+ * 1) Check if the stack is not-executable
+ * 2) Check if kmalloc memory is not executable
+ *
+ * To do this, the test code tries to execute memory in stack/kmalloc,
+ * want checks if the expected trap happens.
+ *
+ * Sadly, this implies having dynamic exception handling table entries.
+ * ... which can be done (but will make Rusty cry), but only in a module.
+ */
+
+
+
+
+/* exeption table sorting blatantly stolen from lib/extable.c */
+
+/*
+ * The exception table needs to be sorted so that the binary
+ * search that we use to find entries in it works properly.
+ * This is used both for the kernel exception table and for
+ * the exception tables of modules that get loaded.
+ */
+static int cmp_ex(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+ const struct exception_table_entry *x = a, *y = b;
+
+ /* avoid overflow */
+ if (x->insn > y->insn)
+ return 1;
+ if (x->insn < y->insn)
+ return -1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We want to set up an exception handling point on our stack,
+ * which means a variable value. This function is rather dirty
+ * and walks the exception table of the module, looking for a magic
+ * marker and replaces it with a specific function.
+ */
+static noinline void fudze_exception_table(void *marker, void *new)
+{
+ struct module *mod = THIS_MODULE;
+ struct exception_table_entry *extable;
+ int i;
+
+ extable = (struct exception_table_entry *)mod->extable;
+ for (i = 0; i < mod->num_exentries; i++)
+ if (extable[i].insn == (unsigned long)marker)
+ extable[i].insn = (unsigned long)new;
+
+ sort(extable, mod->num_exentries, sizeof(struct exception_table_entry),
+ cmp_ex, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * exception tables get their symbols resolved so we need
+ * to use real symbols to put in there for the fudzing
+ */
+void foo_label(void);
+void foo_label2(void);
+
+static int test_NX(void)
+{
+ unsigned long result;
+ int ret = 0;
+ /* 0xC3 is the opcode for "ret" */
+ char stackcode[] = {0xC3, 0x90, 0 };
+ char *heap;
+
+ printk(KERN_INFO "Testing NX protection\n");
+
+ /* Test 1: check if the stack is not executable */
+ /*
+ * If this test fails, we managed to execute from the stack
+ *
+ * This is written in assembly to be able to catch the
+ * exception that is supposed to happen in the correct
+ * case
+ */
+
+ fudze_exception_table(&foo_label, &stackcode);
+ result = 1;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "foo_label:\n"
+ "0: call *%[fake_code]\n"
+ "1:\n"
+ ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"
+ "2: mov %[zero], %[rslt]\n"
+ " ret\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ ".section __ex_table,\"a\"\n"
+ " .align 16\n"
+ " .quad 0b\n"
+ " .quad 2b\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ : [rslt] "=r" (result)
+ : [fake_code] "r" (&stackcode), [zero] "r" (0UL)
+ );
+ /* change the exception table back */
+ fudze_exception_table(&stackcode, &foo_label);
+
+ if (result) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "test_nx: stack was executable\n");
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ /* Test 2: Check if the heap is executable */
+ /*
+ * If this test fails, we managed to execute from the heap
+ *
+ * This is written in assembly to be able to catch the
+ * exception that is supposed to happen in the correct
+ * case
+ */
+
+ heap = kmalloc(64, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!heap)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ heap[0] = 0xC3; /* opcode for "ret" */
+
+ fudze_exception_table(&foo_label2, heap);
+ result = 1;
+ asm volatile(
+ "foo_label2:\n"
+ "0: call *%[fake_code]\n"
+ "1:\n"
+ ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"
+ "2: mov %[zero], %[rslt]\n"
+ " ret\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ ".section __ex_table,\"a\"\n"
+ " .align 16\n"
+ " .quad 0b, 2b\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ : [rslt] "=r" (result)
+ : [fake_code] "r" (heap), [zero] "r" (0UL)
+ );
+ fudze_exception_table(heap, &foo_label2);
+
+ kfree(heap);
+
+ if (result) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "test_nx: kmalloc data was executable\n");
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static void test_exit(void)
+{
+}
+
+module_init(test_NX);
+module_exit(test_exit);
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Testcase for the DEBUG_RODATA infrastructure");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...ux.intel.com>");
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/test_rodata.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/kernel/test_rodata.c
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * test_rodata.c: functional test for mark_rodata_ro function
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
+ * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...ux.intel.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
+ * of the License.
+ */
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <asm/sections.h>
+extern int rodata_test_data;
+
+int rodata_test(void)
+{
+ unsigned long result;
+ unsigned long start, end;
+ /* test 1: read the value */
+ /* If this test fails, some previous testrun has clobbered the state */
+ if (!rodata_test_data) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "rodata_test: test 1 fails (start data)\n");
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ /* test 2: write to the variable; this should fault */
+ /*
+ * If this test fails, we managed to overwrite the data
+ *
+ * This is written in assembly to be able to catch the
+ * exception that is supposed to happen in the correct
+ * case
+ */
+
+ result = 1;
+ asm volatile(
+ "0: mov %[zero],(%[rodata_test])\n"
+ " mov %[zero], %[rslt]\n"
+ "1:\n"
+ ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"
+ "2: jmp 1b\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ ".section __ex_table,\"a\"\n"
+ " .align 16\n"
+ " .quad 0b,2b\n"
+ ".previous"
+ : [rslt] "=r" (result)
+ : [rodata_test] "r" (&rodata_test_data), [zero] "r" (0UL)
+ );
+
+
+ if (!result) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "rodata_test: test data was not read only\n");
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ /* test 3: check the value hasn't changed */
+ /* If this test fails, we managed to overwrite the data */
+ if (!rodata_test_data) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "rodata_test: Test 3 failes (end data)\n");
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+ /* test 4: check if the rodata section is 4Kb aligned */
+ start = (unsigned long)__start_rodata;
+ end = (unsigned long)__end_rodata;
+ if (start & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "rodata_test: .rodata is not 4k aligned\n");
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+ if (end & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "rodata_test: .rodata end is not 4k aligned\n");
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Testcase for the DEBUG_RODATA infrastructure");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Arjan van de Ven <arjan@...ux.intel.com>");
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
@@ -789,6 +789,7 @@ static int noinline do_test_wp_bit(void)
}
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
+const int rodata_test_data = 5;
void mark_rodata_ro(void)
{
@@ -820,6 +821,7 @@ void mark_rodata_ro(void)
* of who is the culprit.
*/
global_flush_tlb();
+ rodata_test();
}
#endif
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@ void free_initmem(void)
}
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
+const int rodata_test_data = 5;
void mark_rodata_ro(void)
{
@@ -622,6 +623,7 @@ void mark_rodata_ro(void)
* of who is the culprit.
*/
global_flush_tlb();
+ rodata_test();
}
#endif
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/include/asm-x86/cacheflush.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/include/asm-x86/cacheflush.h
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/include/asm-x86/cacheflush.h
@@ -34,8 +34,13 @@ void clflush_cache_range(void *addr, int
void kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable);
#endif
-#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
void mark_rodata_ro(void);
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA_TEST
+void rodata_test(void);
+#else
+static inline void rodata_test(void)
+{
+}
#endif
#endif
Index: linux-2.6.24-rc8/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.24-rc8.orig/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
+++ linux-2.6.24-rc8/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___param) = .; \
*(__param) \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___param) = .; \
+ . = ALIGN((align)); \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_rodata) = .; \
} \
\
--
If you want to reach me at my work email, use arjan@...ux.intel.com
For development, discussion and tips for power savings,
visit http://www.lesswatts.org
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