Date:	Thu, 31 Jan 2008 18:18:06 +0100
From:	Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@...ranet.com>
To:	Christoph Lameter <clameter@....com>
Cc:	Robin Holt <holt@....com>, Avi Kivity <avi@...ranet.com>,
	Izik Eidus <izike@...ranet.com>,
	kvm-devel@...ts.sourceforge.net,
	Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>, steiner@....com,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
	daniel.blueman@...drics.com
Subject: [PATCH] mmu notifiers #v5

GRU should implement at least invalidate_page and invalidate_pages,
and it should be mostly covered with that.

My suggestion is to add the invalidate_range_start/end incrementally
with this, and to keep all the xpmem mmu notifiers in a separate
incremental patch (those are going to require many more changes to
perfect). They've very different things. GRU is simpler, will require
less changes and it should be taken care of sooner than XPMEM. KVM
requirements are a subset of GRU thanks to the page pin so I can
ignore KVM requirements as a whole and I only focus on GRU for the
time being.

There's room for optimization by moving some invalidate_page to
invalidate_pages but that would complicate all tlb flushing code a
lot, it'd require tons of changes and we should concentrate on getting
the functionality included in the simplest, obviously safe, least
intrusive form, in a way that can be optimized later if that turns out
to be an issue. And I think for KVM this is already quite optimal. And
there's zero slowdown when the notifiers are armed, for all tasks but
the one tracked by the notifiers.

Invalidates inside PT lock will avoid the page faults to happen in
parallel of my invalidates, no dependency on the page pin, mremap
covered, mprotect covered etc... I verified with the below patch KVM
swapping is rock solid on top of 2.6.24 as with my #v4 on a older host
kernel. I think it'd be much less efficient to add yet another
non-per-pte-scalar lock to serialize the GRU interrupt or KVM
pagefault against the main linux page fault, given we already have all
needed serialization out of the PT lock. XPMEM is forced to do that
because it has to sleep in sending the invalidate. So it has to take
such subsystem mutex, send the invalidate, ptep_clear_flush, and
finally unlock the mutex (hence the need of a _end callback, to unlock
the page faults). KVM could also add a kvm internal lock to do
something like that but there's no point given PT lock is more
scalar. GRU is totally forbidden to use such model because GRU lacks
the page pin (KVM could use the XPMEM invalidate_range too, instead of
the GRU invalidate_page[s] only thanks to the page pin taken in
get_user_pages)

Invalidate_pages and invalidate_range_start/end provide entirely
different semantics even if they're sharing the same mmu_notifier.head
registration list. And _end will better get start,end range too.

XPMEM -> invalidate_range_start/end/invalidate_external_rmap
GRU/KVM -> invalidate_pages[s], in the future mprotect_pages optimization etc...

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@...ranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@....com>

diff --git a/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h b/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h
--- a/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 	__young = ptep_test_and_clear_young(__vma, __address, __ptep);	\
 	if (__young)							\
 		flush_tlb_page(__vma, __address);			\
+	__young |= mmu_notifier_age_page((__vma)->vm_mm, __address);	\
 	__young;							\
 })
 #endif
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ do {									\
 	pte_t __pte;							\
 	__pte = ptep_get_and_clear((__vma)->vm_mm, __address, __ptep);	\
 	flush_tlb_page(__vma, __address);				\
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_page, (__vma)->vm_mm, __address);	\
 	__pte;								\
 })
 #endif
diff --git a/include/asm-s390/pgtable.h b/include/asm-s390/pgtable.h
--- a/include/asm-s390/pgtable.h
+++ b/include/asm-s390/pgtable.h
@@ -712,6 +712,7 @@ static inline pte_t ptep_clear_flush(str
 {
 	pte_t pte = *ptep;
 	ptep_invalidate(address, ptep);
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_page, vma->vm_mm, address);
 	return pte;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
 #include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
 #include <asm/mmu.h>
 
@@ -219,6 +220,8 @@ struct mm_struct {
 	/* aio bits */
 	rwlock_t		ioctx_list_lock;
 	struct kioctx		*ioctx_list;
+
+	struct mmu_notifier_head mmu_notifier; /* MMU notifier list */
 };
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h b/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#ifndef _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H
+#define _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H
+
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+
+struct mmu_notifier;
+
+struct mmu_notifier_ops {
+	/*
+	 * Called when nobody can register any more notifier in the mm
+	 * and after the "mn" notifier has been disarmed already.
+	 */
+	void (*release)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+			struct mm_struct *mm);
+
+	/*
+	 * invalidate_page[s] is called in atomic context
+	 * after any pte has been updated and before
+	 * dropping the PT lock required to update any Linux pte.
+	 * Once the PT lock will be released the pte will have its
+	 * final value to export through the secondary MMU.
+	 * Before this is invoked any secondary MMU is still ok
+	 * to read/write to the page previously pointed by the
+	 * Linux pte because the old page hasn't been freed yet.
+	 * If required set_page_dirty has to be called internally
+	 * to this method.
+	 */
+	void (*invalidate_page)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				struct mm_struct *mm,
+				unsigned long address);
+	void (*invalidate_pages)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				 struct mm_struct *mm,
+				 unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+
+	/*
+	 * Age page is called in atomic context inside the PT lock
+	 * right after the VM is test-and-clearing the young/accessed
+	 * bitflag in the pte. This way the VM will provide proper aging
+	 * to the accesses to the page through the secondary MMUs
+	 * and not only to the ones through the Linux pte.
+	 */
+	int (*age_page)(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+			struct mm_struct *mm,
+			unsigned long address);
+};
+
+struct mmu_notifier {
+	struct hlist_node hlist;
+	const struct mmu_notifier_ops *ops;
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
+
+struct mmu_notifier_head {
+	struct hlist_head head;
+	spinlock_t lock;
+};
+
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+
+/*
+ * RCU is used to traverse the list. A quiescent period needs to pass
+ * before the notifier is guaranteed to be visible to all threads.
+ */
+extern void mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				  struct mm_struct *mm);
+/*
+ * RCU is used to traverse the list. A quiescent period needs to pass
+ * before the "struct mmu_notifier" can be freed. Alternatively it
+ * can be synchronously freed inside ->release when the list can't
+ * change anymore and nobody could possibly walk it.
+ */
+extern void mmu_notifier_unregister(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
+				    struct mm_struct *mm);
+extern void mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm);
+extern int mmu_notifier_age_page(struct mm_struct *mm,
+				 unsigned long address);
+
+static inline void mmu_notifier_head_init(struct mmu_notifier_head *mnh)
+{
+	INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&mnh->head);
+	spin_lock_init(&mnh->lock);
+}
+
+#define mmu_notifier(function, mm, args...)				\
+	do {								\
+		struct mmu_notifier *__mn;				\
+		struct hlist_node *__n;					\
+									\
+		if (unlikely(!hlist_empty(&(mm)->mmu_notifier.head))) { \
+			rcu_read_lock();				\
+			hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(__mn, __n,		\
+						 &(mm)->mmu_notifier.head, \
+						 hlist)			\
+				if (__mn->ops->function)		\
+					__mn->ops->function(__mn,	\
+							    mm,		\
+							    args);	\
+			rcu_read_unlock();				\
+		}							\
+	} while (0)
+
+#else /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
+
+struct mmu_notifier_head {};
+
+#define mmu_notifier_register(mn, mm) do {} while(0)
+#define mmu_notifier_unregister(mn, mm) do {} while (0)
+#define mmu_notifier_release(mm) do {} while (0)
+#define mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address) ({ 0; })
+#define mmu_notifier_head_init(mmh) do {} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Notifiers that use the parameters that they were passed so that the
+ * compiler does not complain about unused variables but does proper
+ * parameter checks even if !CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER.
+ * Macros generate no code.
+ */
+#define mmu_notifier(function, mm, args...)			       \
+	do {							       \
+		if (0) {					       \
+			struct mmu_notifier *__mn;		       \
+								       \
+			__mn = (struct mmu_notifier *)(0x00ff);	       \
+			__mn->ops->function(__mn, mm, args);	       \
+		};						       \
+	} while (0)
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_MMU_NOTIFIER_H */
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ static struct mm_struct * mm_init(struct
 
 	if (likely(!mm_alloc_pgd(mm))) {
 		mm->def_flags = 0;
+		mmu_notifier_head_init(&mm->mmu_notifier);
 		return mm;
 	}
 	free_mm(mm);
diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
--- a/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/mm/Kconfig
@@ -193,3 +193,7 @@ config VIRT_TO_BUS
 config VIRT_TO_BUS
 	def_bool y
 	depends on !ARCH_NO_VIRT_TO_BUS
+
+config MMU_NOTIFIER
+	def_bool y
+	bool "MMU notifier, for paging KVM/RDMA"
diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MIGRATION) += migrate.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MIGRATION) += migrate.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += allocpercpu.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_QUICKLIST) += quicklist.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER) += mmu_notifier.o
 
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -756,6 +756,7 @@ void __unmap_hugepage_range(struct vm_ar
 		if (pte_none(pte))
 			continue;
 
+		mmu_notifier(invalidate_page, mm, address);
 		page = pte_page(pte);
 		if (pte_dirty(pte))
 			set_page_dirty(page);
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -661,6 +661,7 @@ static unsigned long zap_pte_range(struc
 			}
 			ptent = ptep_get_and_clear_full(mm, addr, pte,
 							tlb->fullmm);
+			mmu_notifier(invalidate_page, mm, addr);
 			tlb_remove_tlb_entry(tlb, pte, addr);
 			if (unlikely(!page))
 				continue;
@@ -1249,6 +1250,7 @@ static int remap_pte_range(struct mm_str
 {
 	pte_t *pte;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
+	unsigned long start = addr;
 
 	pte = pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
 	if (!pte)
@@ -1260,6 +1262,7 @@ static int remap_pte_range(struct mm_str
 		pfn++;
 	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
 	arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_pages, mm, start, addr);
 	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -2043,6 +2043,7 @@ void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm)
 	vm_unacct_memory(nr_accounted);
 	free_pgtables(&tlb, vma, FIRST_USER_ADDRESS, 0);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, 0, end);
+	mmu_notifier_release(mm);
 
 	/*
 	 * Walk the list again, actually closing and freeing it,
diff --git a/mm/mmu_notifier.c b/mm/mmu_notifier.c
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/mmu_notifier.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ *  linux/mm/mmu_notifier.c
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008  Qumranet, Inc.
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008  SGI
+ *             Christoph Lameter <clameter@....com>
+ *
+ *  This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
+ *  the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+
+/*
+ * No synchronization. This function can only be called when only a single
+ * process remains that performs teardown.
+ */
+void mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+	struct mmu_notifier *mn;
+	struct hlist_node *n, *tmp;
+
+	if (unlikely(!hlist_empty(&mm->mmu_notifier.head))) {
+		hlist_for_each_entry_safe(mn, n, tmp,
+					  &mm->mmu_notifier.head, hlist) {
+			hlist_del(&mn->hlist);
+			if (mn->ops->release)
+				mn->ops->release(mn, mm);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * If no young bitflag is supported by the hardware, ->age_page can
+ * unmap the address and return 1 or 0 depending if the mapping previously
+ * existed or not.
+ */
+int mmu_notifier_age_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address)
+{
+	struct mmu_notifier *mn;
+	struct hlist_node *n;
+	int young = 0;
+
+	if (unlikely(!hlist_empty(&mm->mmu_notifier.head))) {
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(mn, n,
+					 &mm->mmu_notifier.head, hlist) {
+			if (mn->ops->age_page)
+				young |= mn->ops->age_page(mn, mm, address);
+		}
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+	}
+
+	return young;
+}
+
+void mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+	spin_lock(&mm->mmu_notifier.lock);
+	hlist_add_head_rcu(&mn->hlist, &mm->mmu_notifier.head);
+	spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier.lock);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmu_notifier_register);
+
+void mmu_notifier_unregister(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+	spin_lock(&mm->mmu_notifier.lock);
+	hlist_del_rcu(&mn->hlist);
+	spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier.lock);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmu_notifier_unregister);
diff --git a/mm/mprotect.c b/mm/mprotect.c
--- a/mm/mprotect.c
+++ b/mm/mprotect.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ static void change_pte_range(struct mm_s
 {
 	pte_t *pte, oldpte;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
+	unsigned long start = addr;
 
 	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
 	arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ static void change_pte_range(struct mm_s
 
 	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
 	arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
+	mmu_notifier(invalidate_pages, mm, start, addr);
 	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
 }
 
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