Date:	Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:30:41 +0530
From:	Rabin Vincent <rabin@....in>
To:	Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@....com>
Cc:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	Tigran Aivazian <tigran@...azian.fsnet.co.uk>,
	LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [patch 9/9] [PATCH 9/9] x86: AMD microcode patch loading
	support.

On Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 06:17:32PM +0200, Peter Oruba wrote:
> This patch introduces microcode patch loading for AMD
> processors. It is based on previous corresponding work
> for Intel processors.
> 
> It hooks into the general patch loading module. Main
> difference is that a container file format is used to hold
> all patch data for multiple processors as well as an
> equivalent CPU table, which comes seperately, as opposed
> to Intel's microcode patching solution.
> 
> Kconfig and Makefile have been changed provice config
> and build option for new source file.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@....com>

Can't comment on your refactoring/design, but see below for some
things to possibly fix in the code.

> ---
>  arch/x86/Kconfig                |   21 ++-
>  arch/x86/kernel/Makefile        |    1 +
>  arch/x86/kernel/microcode_amd.c |  516 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 534 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/microcode_amd.c
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> index ece1e27..b102d24 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> @@ -786,10 +786,12 @@ config MICROCODE
>  	select FW_LOADER
>  	---help---
>  	  If you say Y here, you will be able to update the microcode on
> -	  Intel processors in the IA32 family, e.g. Pentium Pro, Pentium II,
> -	  Pentium III, Pentium 4, Xeon etc.  You will obviously need the
> -	  actual microcode binary data itself which is not shipped with the
> -	  Linux kernel.
> +	  certain Intel and AMD processors. The Intel support is for the
> +	  IA32 family, e.g. Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
> +	  Pentium 4, Xeon etc. The AMD support is for family 0x10 and
> +	  0x11 processors, e.g. Opteron, Phenom and Turion 64 Ultra.
> +	  You will obviously need the actual microcode binary data itself
> +	  which is not shipped with the Linux kernel.
>  
>  	  This option selects the general module only, you need to select
>  	  at least one vendor specific module as well.
> @@ -812,6 +814,17 @@ config MICROCODE_INTEL
>           This driver is only available as a module: the module
>           will be called microcode_intel.  
>  
> +config MICROCODE_AMD
> +       tristate "AMD microcode patch loading support"
> +       depends on MICROCODE
> +       select FW_LOADER
> +       --help---
> +         If you select this option, microcode patch loading support for AMD
> +	 processors will be enabled.
> +
> +	 This driver is only available as a module: the module
> +	 will be called microcode_intel.

Should say microcode_amd.

> +
>     config MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
>  	def_bool y
>  	depends on MICROCODE
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
> index f2f9f6d..be454f3 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
> @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_X86_MSR)		+= msr.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_X86_CPUID)		+= cpuid.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_MICROCODE)		+= microcode.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_MICROCODE_INTEL)	+= microcode_intel.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_MICROCODE_AMD)	+= microcode_amd.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_PCI)		+= early-quirks.o
>  apm-y				:= apm_32.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_APM)		+= apm.o
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/microcode_amd.c b/arch/x86/kernel/microcode_amd.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..c9eebc7
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/microcode_amd.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
> +/*
> + *  AMD CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux
> + *  Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices Inc.
> + *
> + *  Author: Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@....com>
> + *
> + *  Based on work by:
> + *  Tigran Aivazian <tigran@...azian.fsnet.co.uk>
> + *
> + *  This driver allows to upgrade microcode on AMD
> + *  family 0x10 and 0x11 processors.
> + *
> + *  Licensed unter the terms of the GNU General Public
> + *  License version 2. See file COPYING for details.
> +*/
> +
> +#include <linux/capability.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/sched.h>
> +#include <linux/cpumask.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
> +#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
> +#include <linux/spinlock.h>
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/fs.h>
> +#include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <linux/cpu.h>
> +#include <linux/firmware.h>
> +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> +#include <linux/pci.h>
> +#include <linux/pci_ids.h>
> +
> +#include <asm/msr.h>
> +#include <asm/uaccess.h>
> +#include <asm/processor.h>
> +#include <asm/microcode.h>
> +
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("AMD Microcode Update Driver");
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@....com>");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Based on the license in the comments at the top of the file, I think
this should be "GPLv2".

> +
> +#define UCODE_MAGIC                0x00414d44
> +#define UCODE_EQUIV_CPU_TABLE_TYPE 0x00000000
> +#define UCODE_UCODE_TYPE           0x00000001
> +
> +#define UCODE_MAX_SIZE          (2048)
> +#define DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE	(896)	  /* 896 bytes */
> +#define MC_HEADER_SIZE		(sizeof(struct microcode_header_amd))	  /* 64 bytes */
> +#define DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE (DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE + MC_HEADER_SIZE) /* 960 bytes */
> +#define DWSIZE			(sizeof(u32))
> +/* For now we support a fixed ucode total size only */
> +#define get_totalsize(mc) \
> +	((((struct microcode_amd *)mc)->hdr.mc_patch_data_len * 28) \
> +	 + MC_HEADER_SIZE)
> +
> +extern int microcode_init(void *opaque, struct module *module);
> +extern void microcode_exit(void);

Since these declarations (and the other externs) are shared with the
other Intel driver, why not move them to the header file?

> +
> +/* serialize access to the physical write */
> +static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(microcode_update_lock);
> +
> +/* no concurrent ->write()s are allowed on /dev/cpu/microcode */
> +extern struct mutex (microcode_mutex);
> +
> +struct equiv_cpu_entry *equiv_cpu_table;
> +
> +extern struct ucode_cpu_info ucode_cpu_info[NR_CPUS];
> +
> +static void collect_cpu_info_amd(int cpu)
> +{
> +	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
> +	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
> +
> +	/* We should bind the task to the CPU */
> +	BUG_ON(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
> +	uci->rev = 0;
> +	uci->pf = 0;
> +	uci->mc.mc_amd = NULL;
> +	uci->valid = 1;
> +
> +	if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_AMD || c->x86 < 0x10) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d not a capable AMD processor\n",
> +		       cpu);
> +		uci->valid = 0;
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	asm volatile("movl %1, %%ecx; rdmsr"
> +		     : "=a" (uci->rev)
> +		     : "i" (0x0000008B) : "ecx");
> +
> +	printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: collect_cpu_info_amd : patch_id=0x%x\n",
> +	       uci->rev);
> +}
> +
> +static int get_matching_microcode_amd(void *mc, int cpu)
> +{
> +	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
> +	struct microcode_header_amd *mc_header = mc;
> +	unsigned long total_size = get_totalsize(mc_header);
> +	void *new_mc;
> +	struct pci_dev *nb_pci_dev, *sb_pci_dev;
> +	unsigned int current_cpu_id;
> +	unsigned int equiv_cpu_id = 0x00;
> +	unsigned int i = 0;
> +
> +	/* We should bind the task to the CPU */
> +	BUG_ON(cpu != raw_smp_processor_id());
> +
> +	/* This is a tricky part. We might be called from a write operation */
> +	/* to the device file instead of the usual process of firmware */
> +	/* loading. This routine needs to be able to distinguish both */
> +        /* cases. This is done by checking if there alread is a equivalent */
> +	/* CPU table installed. If not, we're written through */
> +	/* /dev/cpu/microcode. */
> +        /* Since we ignore all checks. The error case in which going through */
> +        /* firmware loading and that table is not loaded has already been */
> +	/* checked earlier. */

Some spaces seem to have sneaked in the indentation above. 

> +	if (equiv_cpu_table == NULL) {
> +		printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: CPU%d microcode update with "
> +		       "version 0x%x (current=0x%x)\n",
> +		       cpu, mc_header->patch_id, uci->rev);
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +
> +	current_cpu_id = cpuid_eax(0x00000001);
> +
> +	while (equiv_cpu_table[i].installed_cpu != 0) {
> +		if (current_cpu_id == equiv_cpu_table[i].installed_cpu) {
> +			equiv_cpu_id = equiv_cpu_table[i].equiv_cpu;
> +			break;
> +		}
> +		i++;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (!equiv_cpu_id) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d cpu_id "
> +		       "not found in equivalent cpu table \n", cpu);
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	if ((mc_header->processor_rev_id[0]) != (equiv_cpu_id & 0xff)) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR
> +			"microcode: CPU%d patch does not match "
> +			"(patch is %x, cpu extended is %x) \n",
> +			cpu, mc_header->processor_rev_id[0],
> +			(equiv_cpu_id & 0xff));
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	if ((mc_header->processor_rev_id[1]) != ((equiv_cpu_id >> 16) & 0xff)) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d patch does not match "
> +			"(patch is %x, cpu base id is %x) \n",
> +			cpu, mc_header->processor_rev_id[1],
> +			((equiv_cpu_id >> 16) & 0xff));
> +
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* ucode may be northbridge specific */
> +	if (mc_header->nb_dev_id) {
> +		nb_pci_dev = pci_get_device(PCI_VENDOR_ID_AMD,
> +					    (mc_header->nb_dev_id & 0xff),
> +					    NULL);
> +		if ((!nb_pci_dev) ||
> +		    (mc_header->nb_rev_id != nb_pci_dev->revision)) {
> +			printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d NB mismatch \n", cpu);
> +			pci_dev_put(nb_pci_dev);
> +			return 0;
> +		}
> +		pci_dev_put(nb_pci_dev);
> +	}
> +
> +	/* ucode may be southbridge specific */
> +	if (mc_header->sb_dev_id) {
> +		sb_pci_dev = pci_get_device(PCI_VENDOR_ID_AMD,
> +					    (mc_header->sb_dev_id & 0xff),
> +					    NULL);
> +		if ((!sb_pci_dev) ||
> +		    (mc_header->sb_rev_id != sb_pci_dev->revision)) {
> +			printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d SB mismatch \n", cpu);
> +			pci_dev_put(sb_pci_dev);
> +			return 0;
> +		}
> +		pci_dev_put(sb_pci_dev);
> +	}
> +
> +	if (mc_header->patch_id <= uci->rev)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: CPU%d found a matching microcode "
> +	       "update with version 0x%x (current=0x%x)\n",
> +	       cpu, mc_header->patch_id, uci->rev);
> +
> +out:
> +	new_mc = vmalloc(UCODE_MAX_SIZE);
> +	memset(new_mc, 0, UCODE_MAX_SIZE);

The memset() should come after the vmalloc() failure check.

> +
> +	if (!new_mc) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error, can't allocate memory\n");
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* free previous update file */
> +	vfree(uci->mc.mc_amd);
> +
> +	memcpy(new_mc, mc, total_size);
> +
> +	uci->mc.mc_amd = new_mc;
> +	return 1;
> +}
> +
> +static void apply_microcode_amd(int cpu)
> +{
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +	unsigned int eax, edx;
> +	unsigned int rev;
> +	int cpu_num = raw_smp_processor_id();
> +	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num;
> +
> +	/* We should bind the task to the CPU */
> +	BUG_ON(cpu_num != cpu);
> +
> +	if (uci->mc.mc_amd == NULL)
> +		return;
> +
> +	spin_lock_irqsave(&microcode_update_lock, flags);
> +
> +	edx = (unsigned int)(((unsigned long)
> +			      &(uci->mc.mc_amd->hdr.data_code)) >> 32);
> +	eax = (unsigned int)(((unsigned long)
> +			      &(uci->mc.mc_amd->hdr.data_code)) & 0xffffffffL);
> +
> +	asm volatile("movl %0, %%ecx; wrmsr" :
> +		     : "i" (0xc0010020), "a" (eax), "d" (edx) : "ecx");
> +
> +	/* get patch id after patching */
> +	asm volatile("movl %1, %%ecx; rdmsr"
> +		     : "=a" (rev)
> +		     : "i" (0x0000008B) : "ecx");
> +
> +	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&microcode_update_lock, flags);
> +
> +	/* check current patch id and patch's id for match */
> +	if (rev != uci->mc.mc_amd->hdr.patch_id) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d update from revision "
> +		       "0x%x to 0x%x failed\n", cpu_num,
> +		       uci->mc.mc_amd->hdr.patch_id, rev);
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: CPU%d updated from revision "
> +	       "0x%x to 0x%x \n",
> +	       cpu_num, uci->rev, uci->mc.mc_amd->hdr.patch_id);
> +
> +	uci->rev = rev;
> +}
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
> +extern void __user *user_buffer;        /* user area microcode data buffer */
> +extern unsigned int user_buffer_size;   /* it's size */
> +
> +static long get_next_ucode_amd(void **mc, long offset)
> +{
> +	struct microcode_header_amd mc_header;
> +	unsigned long total_size;
> +
> +	/* No more data */
> +	if (offset >= user_buffer_size)
> +		return 0;
> +	if (copy_from_user(&mc_header, user_buffer + offset, MC_HEADER_SIZE)) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n");
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +	}
> +	total_size = get_totalsize(&mc_header);
> +	if (offset + total_size > user_buffer_size) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad total size in microcode "
> +		       "data file\n");
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +	*mc = vmalloc(UCODE_MAX_SIZE);
> +	memset(*mc, 0, UCODE_MAX_SIZE);

The memset() should come after the vmalloc() failure check.

> +
> +	if (!*mc)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	if (copy_from_user(*mc, user_buffer + offset, total_size)) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n");
> +		vfree(*mc);
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +	}
> +	return offset + total_size;
> +}
> +#else
> +#define get_next_ucode_amd() NULL
> +#endif
> +
> +static long get_next_ucode_from_buffer_amd(void **mc, void *buf,
> +				       unsigned long size, long offset)
> +{
> +	struct microcode_header_amd *mc_header;
> +	unsigned long total_size;
> +	unsigned char *buf_pos = buf;
> +
> +	/* No more data */
> +	if (offset >= size)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	if (buf_pos[offset] != UCODE_UCODE_TYPE) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
> +		       "Wrong microcode payload type field\n");
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +	mc_header = (struct microcode_header_amd *)(&buf_pos[offset+8]);
> +
> +	total_size = (unsigned long) (buf_pos[offset+4] +
> +				      (buf_pos[offset+5] << 8));
> +
> +	printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: size %lu, total_size %lu, offset %ld\n",
> +		size, total_size, offset);

Unconditional KERN_ERR?

> +
> +	if (offset + total_size > size) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad data in microcode data file\n");
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +	*mc = vmalloc(UCODE_MAX_SIZE);
> +	memset(*mc, 0, UCODE_MAX_SIZE);

The memset() should come after the vmalloc() failure check.

> +
> +	if (!*mc) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
> +		       "Can not allocate memory for microcode patch\n");
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
> +	memcpy(*mc, buf + offset + 8, total_size);
> +
> +	return offset + total_size + 8;
> +}
> +
> +static long install_equiv_cpu_table(void *buf, unsigned long size, long offset)
> +{
> +	unsigned int *buf_pos = buf;
> +
> +	/* No more data */
> +	if (offset >= size)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	if (buf_pos[1] != UCODE_EQUIV_CPU_TABLE_TYPE) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
> +		       "Wrong microcode equivalnet cpu table type field\n");
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (size == 0) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
> +		       "Wrong microcode equivalnet cpu table length\n");
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	equiv_cpu_table = (struct equiv_cpu_entry *) vmalloc(size);
> +	memset(equiv_cpu_table, 0, size);

No failure check for the allocation here.

> +
> +	memcpy(equiv_cpu_table, &buf_pos[3], size);
> +
> +	return size + 12; /* add header length */
> +}
> +
> +/* fake device for request_firmware */
> +extern struct platform_device *microcode_pdev;
> +
> +static int cpu_request_microcode_amd(int cpu)
> +{
> +	char name[30];
> +	const struct firmware *firmware;
> +	void *buf;
> +	unsigned int *buf_pos;
> +	unsigned long size;
> +	long offset = 0;
> +	int error;
> +	void *mc;
> +
> +	/* We should bind the task to the CPU */
> +	BUG_ON(cpu != raw_smp_processor_id());
> +
> +	sprintf(name, "amd-ucode/microcode_amd.bin");

Just pass the string directly to request_firmware.

> +	error = request_firmware(&firmware, name, &microcode_pdev->dev);
> +	if (error) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: ucode data file %s load failed\n",
> +		       name);
> +		return error;
> +	}
> +
> +	buf_pos = buf = firmware->data;
> +	size = firmware->size;
> +
> +	if (buf_pos[0] != UCODE_MAGIC) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Wrong microcode patch file magic\n");
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	offset = install_equiv_cpu_table(buf, buf_pos[2], offset);
> +
> +	if (!offset) {
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: installing equivalent cpu table failed\n");
> +		return error;

This will always return zero, since error has not been touched since the
last check after request_firmware().

> +	}
> +
> +	while ((offset =
> +		get_next_ucode_from_buffer_amd(&mc, buf, size, offset)) > 0) {
> +		error = get_matching_microcode_amd(mc, cpu);
> +		if (error < 0)
> +			break;
> +		/*
> +		 * It's possible the data file has multiple matching ucode,
> +		 * lets keep searching till the latest version
> +		 */
> +		if (error == 1) {
> +			apply_microcode_amd(cpu);
> +			error = 0;
> +		}
> +		vfree(mc);
> +	}
> +
> +	if (offset > 0) {
> +		vfree(mc);
> +		vfree(equiv_cpu_table);

Set equiv_cpu_table to NULL after freeing it.

> +	}
> +	if (offset < 0)
> +		error = offset;
> +	release_firmware(firmware);
> +
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int apply_microcode_check_cpu_amd(int cpu)
> +{
> +	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
> +	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
> +	unsigned int rev;
> +	cpumask_t old;
> +	int err = 0;
> +
> +	/* Check if the microcode is available */
> +	if (!uci->mc.mc_amd)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	old = current->cpus_allowed;
> +	set_cpus_allowed(current, cpumask_of_cpu(cpu));
> +
> +	/* Check if the microcode we have in memory matches the CPU */
> +	if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_AMD || c->x86 < 16)
> +		err = -EINVAL;
> +
> +	if (!err) {
> +		asm volatile("movl %1, %%ecx; rdmsr"
> +		     : "=a" (rev)
> +		     : "i" (0x0000008B) : "ecx");
> +
> +		if (uci->rev != rev)
> +			err = -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (!err)
> +		apply_microcode_amd(cpu);
> +	else
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: Could not apply microcode to CPU%d:"
> +		       " rev=0x%x\n",
> +		       cpu,  uci->rev);
> +
> +	set_cpus_allowed(current, old);
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
> +static void microcode_fini_cpu_amd(int cpu)
> +{
> +	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&microcode_mutex);
> +	uci->valid = 0;
> +	vfree(uci->mc.mc_amd);
> +	uci->mc.mc_amd = NULL;
> +	mutex_unlock(&microcode_mutex);
> +}
> +
> +static struct microcode_ops microcode_amd_ops = {
> +	.get_next_ucode                   = get_next_ucode_amd,
> +	.get_matching_microcode           = get_matching_microcode_amd,
> +	.microcode_sanity_check           = NULL,
> +	.apply_microcode_check_cpu        = apply_microcode_check_cpu_amd,
> +	.cpu_request_microcode            = cpu_request_microcode_amd,
> +	.collect_cpu_info                 = collect_cpu_info_amd,
> +	.apply_microcode                  = apply_microcode_amd,
> +	.microcode_fini_cpu               = microcode_fini_cpu_amd,
> +};
> +
> +static int __init microcode_amd_module_init(void)
> +{
> +	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(get_cpu());
> +
> +	equiv_cpu_table = NULL;
> +	if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
> +		return microcode_init(&microcode_amd_ops, THIS_MODULE);
> +	else
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +
> +static void __exit microcode_amd_module_exit(void)
> +{
> +	microcode_exit();
> +}
> +
> +module_init(microcode_amd_module_init)
> +module_exit(microcode_amd_module_exit)
--
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