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Date: Wed, 03 Sep 2008 13:18:21 -0500
From: Matt Mackall <mpm@...enic.com>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Aaron Straus <aaron@...finllc.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@....edu>, stable@...nel.org
Subject: Re: drivers/char/random.c line 728 BUG
On Fri, 2008-08-29 at 12:48 -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 15:59:24 -0700
> Aaron Straus <aaron@...finllc.com> wrote:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > On Aug 26 03:59 PM, Aaron Straus wrote:
> > > kernel BUG at drivers/char/random.c:728!
> >
> > OK so that's (outside spinlock):
> >
> > BUG_ON(r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS);
> >
> > in credit_entropy_bits we do (inside spinlock):
> >
> > r->entropy_count += nbits;
> > if (r->entropy_count < 0) {
> > DEBUG_ENT("negative entropy/overflow\n");
> > r->entropy_count = 0;
> > } else if (r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS)
> > r->entropy_count = r->poolinfo->POOLBITS;
> >
> > I wonder if we got unlucky and did the:
> >
> > r->entropy_count += nbits
> >
> > - overflowed the entropy_count THEN
> > - another thread hits the BUG before this thread reaches
> >
> > r->entropy_count = r->poolinfo->POOLBITS;
> >
> > --
> >
> > I notice before this commit:
> >
> > commit adc782dae6c4c0f6fb679a48a544cfbcd79ae3dc
> > Author: Matt Mackall <mpm@...enic.com>
> > Date: Tue Apr 29 01:03:07 2008 -0700
> >
> > random: simplify and rename credit_entropy_store
> >
> > The credit_entropy_store function looks like this:
> >
> > spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
> >
> > if (r->entropy_count + nbits < 0) {
> > DEBUG_ENT("negative entropy/overflow (%d+%d)\n",
> > r->entropy_count, nbits);
> > r->entropy_count = 0;
> > } else if (r->entropy_count + nbits > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS) {
> > r->entropy_count = r->poolinfo->POOLBITS;
> > } else {
> > r->entropy_count += nbits;
> > if (nbits)
> > DEBUG_ENT("added %d entropy credits to %s\n",
> > nbits, r->name);
> > }
> >
> >
> > Notice the old version is careful not to overflow r->entropy_count at
> > any point (even within the spinlock). So perhaps that's why we didn't
> > hit this BUG() in the past?
> >
>
> yep, I would agree with all that.
>
> How's this look?
>
>
> From: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
>
> Fix a bug reported by and diagnosed by Aaron Straus.
>
> This is a regression intruduced into 2.6.26 by
>
> commit adc782dae6c4c0f6fb679a48a544cfbcd79ae3dc
> Author: Matt Mackall <mpm@...enic.com>
> Date: Tue Apr 29 01:03:07 2008 -0700
>
> random: simplify and rename credit_entropy_store
>
> credit_entropy_bits() does:
>
> spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
> ...
> if (r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS)
> r->entropy_count = r->poolinfo->POOLBITS;
>
> so there is a time window in which this BUG_ON():
>
> static size_t account(struct entropy_store *r, size_t nbytes, int min,
> int reserved)
> {
> unsigned long flags;
>
> BUG_ON(r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS);
>
> /* Hold lock while accounting */
> spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
>
> can trigger.
>
> We could fix this by moving the assertion inside the lock, but it seems
> safer and saner to revert to the old behaviour wherein
> entropy_store.entropy_count at no time exceeds
> entropy_store.poolinfo->POOLBITS.
>
> Reported-by: Aaron Straus <aaron@...finllc.com>
> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@...enic.com>
> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@....edu>
> Cc: <stable@...nel.org> [2.6.26.x]
> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
> ---
>
> drivers/char/random.c | 17 +++++++++--------
> 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
>
> diff -puN drivers/char/random.c~drivers-char-randomc-fix-a-race-which-can-lead-to-a-bogus-bug drivers/char/random.c
> --- a/drivers/char/random.c~drivers-char-randomc-fix-a-race-which-can-lead-to-a-bogus-bug
> +++ a/drivers/char/random.c
> @@ -520,6 +520,7 @@ static void mix_pool_bytes(struct entrop
> static void credit_entropy_bits(struct entropy_store *r, int nbits)
> {
> unsigned long flags;
> + int entropy_count;
>
> if (!nbits)
> return;
> @@ -527,20 +528,20 @@ static void credit_entropy_bits(struct e
> spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
>
> DEBUG_ENT("added %d entropy credits to %s\n", nbits, r->name);
> - r->entropy_count += nbits;
> - if (r->entropy_count < 0) {
> + entropy_count = r->entropy_count;
> + entropy_count += nbits;
> + if (entropy_count < 0) {
> DEBUG_ENT("negative entropy/overflow\n");
> - r->entropy_count = 0;
> - } else if (r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS)
> - r->entropy_count = r->poolinfo->POOLBITS;
> + entropy_count = 0;
> + } else if (entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS)
> + entropy_count = r->poolinfo->POOLBITS;
>
> /* should we wake readers? */
> - if (r == &input_pool &&
> - r->entropy_count >= random_read_wakeup_thresh) {
> + if (r == &input_pool && entropy_count >= random_read_wakeup_thresh) {
> wake_up_interruptible(&random_read_wait);
> kill_fasync(&fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
> }
> -
> + r->entropy_count = entropy_count;
> spin_unlock_irqrestore(&r->lock, flags);
> }
Sorry, just back from being offline for a week.
This fix is bogus - it assumes that r->entropy_count has atomic
assignment which is not universally true (witness the existence of
atomic_t). So we can still observe partial updates to entropy_count on
some architectures. Now it's probably the case that we'll never see a
partial update that actually triggers the BUG_ON, but it's still
conceptually wrong to do things this way.
The right fix in such a case is simply to never look at such things
outside the relevant lock. Especially so in this case, where we take the
lock unconditionally one line later - there's absolutely no upside to
examining it outside the lock.
I'm fine with using a local for entropy_count as prettification, but not
for trying to avoid races. We should do this instead:
Avoid checking lock-protected entropy_count when lock isn't held.
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@...enic.com>
diff -r ddae8a8d3c6f drivers/char/random.c
--- a/drivers/char/random.c Tue Jul 29 03:07:11 2008 +0000
+++ b/drivers/char/random.c Wed Sep 03 13:10:22 2008 -0500
@@ -726,11 +726,10 @@
{
unsigned long flags;
- BUG_ON(r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS);
-
/* Hold lock while accounting */
spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
+ BUG_ON(r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->POOLBITS);
DEBUG_ENT("trying to extract %d bits from %s\n",
nbytes * 8, r->name);
--
Mathematics is the supreme nostalgia of our time.
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