Date:	Sun, 4 Jan 2009 12:06:58 -0800
From:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Manfred Spraul <manfred@...orfullife.com>
Cc:	Lai Jiangshan <laijs@...fujitsu.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	akpm@...ux-foundation.org
Subject: Re: [RFC, PATCH] kernel/rcu: add kfree_rcu

On Sun, Jan 04, 2009 at 01:22:00PM +0100, Manfred Spraul wrote:
> Lai Jiangshan wrote:
>> I have not posted it. -:)
>>   
> Could you post it?
>
> Paul: What would break if we stop processing rcu entries in (cpu) order?

If I understand, you are suggesting that a given CPU process its RCU
callbacks out of order.  This would break rcu_barrier(), so please do
not do this.

If I misunderstood what you are suggesting, please enlighten me!

> The head->func(head) in rcu_do_batch() is probably a nightmare for the 
> branch target predictor.
>
> What about:
> - shrinking struct rcu_head to just a pointer (let's start with the goodie)
> - Adding a register_rcu_callback() function.
> It allocates the per-cpu storage for the rcu grace period lists.
> Seperate lists for each registered callback - thus no need to copy the 
> callback target into each rcu_head structure.
> It returns a pointer/handle to these lists.
> - call_rcu gets that handle instead of the plain function pointer.
> - rcu_do_batch enumerates all registered callbacks. Thus first all 
> callback_struct->func(head) calls for the first registered callback, then 
> the calls for the 2nd callback, etc.
> Better for the icache, better for the branch predictor.

Hmmm...  I guess that rcu_barrier() could put a callback on each of the
resulting per-CPU lists for each CPU.  Making rcu_barrier() more
expensive is probably not a problem.  But there would need to be a way
of marking rcu_barrier()'s rcu_head structures, perhaps the bottom bit
of the pointer (shudder!).

The rcu_offline code will of course need to traverse these lists in
order to move the callbacks from an outgoing CPU.

It would also be necessary to inspect the current call_rcu() invocations
in the kernel (not too big a job, as there are only about 100 of them).
If there are any that rely on callbacks being invoked in order, these
would need to be addressed if we are to do something like what you
are suggesting.  I do not recall ever suggesting that people rely on
such ordering, but given that people can read the code and see that
rcu_barrier() already relies on it...

So if we do go this way, we will need to update the documentation.

The deep embedded guys would like a single-pointer rcu_head, and your
approach seems better than the one I came up with a couple of years ago
on page 11 of:

	http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf

At least assuming that the problems can be resolved.

I don't see how this helps the icache at all, but could see how it might
help branch prediction.

> Paul: Do you have a test case that is suitable for benchmarking rcu?
> Any workloads were rcu appears significantly in oprofile?
> And: Do you know how many rcu entries are typically alive? How much memory 
> is used for the function pointers?

The test cases I know of are those used to validate the performance of
various RCU patches, most of which have been quite insensitive to the
update-side overhead.  The only workloads that I am aware of where RCU
update-side processing shows up are those running on hundreds of CPUs
(hence hierarchical RCU).  Some workloads have many thousands of RCU
callbacks in flight -- I believe that Dipankar Sarma measured something
like 1600 per grace period on a file-system benchmark some years back.

The amount of memory used for the function pointers can be large, though
many cases now union this space with other storage (e.g., struct dentry).
The deep embedded guys have worried about it in the past, though I have
not heard much from them in the past few years -- something about even
cellphones having hundreds of megabytes of DRAM, I guess.  ;-)

So, in short, I am not sure that this will be worth the increase in code
complexity, but it does sound like an interesting possibility.

							Thanx, Paul
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