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Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2009 14:38:04 +0100
From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>
To: Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
rusty@...tcorp.com.au, tglx@...utronix.de, x86@...nel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, hpa@...or.com, jeremy@...p.org,
cpw@....com
Subject: [patch] x86: optimize __pa() to be linear again on 64-bit x86
* Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu> wrote:
> > Are __pa()/__va() that hot paths? Or am I over-estimating
> > the cost of 2MB dTLB?
>
> yes, __pa()/__va() is a very hot path - in a defconfig they
> are used in about a thousand different places.
>
> In fact it would be nice to get rid of the __phys_addr()
> redirection on the 64-bit side (which is non-linear and a
> function there, and all __pa()s go through it) and make it a
> constant offset again.
>
> This isnt trivial/possible to do though as .data/.bss is in
> the high alias. (high .text aliases alone wouldnt be a big
> issue to fix, but the data aliases are an issue.)
>
> Moving .data/.bss into the linear space isnt feasible as we'd
> lose RIP-relative addressing shortcuts.
>
> Maybe we could figure out the places that do __pa() on a high
> alias and gradually eliminate them. __pa() on .data/.bss is a
> rare and unusal thing to do, and CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL could
> warn about them without crashing the kernel.
>
> Later on we could make this check unconditional, and then
> switch over __pa() to addr-PAGE_OFFSET in the
> !CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL case (which is the default).
Ok, i couldnt resist and using ftrace_printk() (regular printk
in __pa() would hang during bootup) and came up with the patch
below - which allows the second patch below that does:
-#define __pa(x) __phys_addr((unsigned long)(x))
+#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x)-PAGE_OFFSET)
It cuts a nice (and hotly executed) ~650 bytes chunk out of the
x86 64-bit defconfig kernel text:
text data bss dec hex filename
7999071 1137780 843672 9980523 984a6b vmlinux.before
7998414 1137780 843672 9979866 9847da vmlinux.after
And it even boots.
(the load_cr3() hack needs to be changed, by setting the init
pgdir from init_level4_pgt to __va(__pa_symbol(init_level4_pgt).)
(32-bit is untested and likely wont even build.)
It's not even that bad and looks quite maintainable as a
concept.
This also means that __va() and __pa() will be one and the same
thing simple arithmetics again on both 32-bit and 64-bit
kernels.
Ingo
---
arch/x86/include/asm/page.h | 4 +++-
arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h | 1 +
arch/x86/include/asm/pgalloc.h | 4 ++--
arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h | 2 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h | 7 ++++++-
arch/x86/kernel/setup.c | 12 ++++++------
arch/x86/mm/init_64.c | 6 +++---
arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c | 12 +++++++++++-
arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c | 2 +-
10 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
Index: linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/page.h
+++ linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page.h
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ static inline void copy_user_page(void *
#define __HAVE_ARCH_ALLOC_ZEROED_USER_HIGHPAGE
#define __pa(x) __phys_addr((unsigned long)(x))
+#define __pa_slow(x) __phys_addr_slow((unsigned long)(x))
#define __pa_nodebug(x) __phys_addr_nodebug((unsigned long)(x))
/* __pa_symbol should be used for C visible symbols.
This seems to be the official gcc blessed way to do such arithmetic. */
-#define __pa_symbol(x) __pa(__phys_reloc_hide((unsigned long)(x)))
+#define __pa_symbol(x) __pa_slow(__phys_reloc_hide((unsigned long)(x)))
#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x)+PAGE_OFFSET))
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ static inline void copy_user_page(void *
* virt_addr_valid(kaddr) returns true.
*/
#define virt_to_page(kaddr) pfn_to_page(__pa(kaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
+#define virt_to_page_slow(kaddr) pfn_to_page(__pa_slow(kaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
#define pfn_to_kaddr(pfn) __va((pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT)
extern bool __virt_addr_valid(unsigned long kaddr);
#define virt_addr_valid(kaddr) __virt_addr_valid((unsigned long) (kaddr))
Index: linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h
+++ linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ extern unsigned long max_pfn;
extern unsigned long phys_base;
extern unsigned long __phys_addr(unsigned long);
+extern unsigned long __phys_addr_slow(unsigned long);
#define __phys_reloc_hide(x) (x)
#define vmemmap ((struct page *)VMEMMAP_START)
Index: linux/arch/x86/include/asm/pgalloc.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/pgalloc.h
+++ linux/arch/x86/include/asm/pgalloc.h
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ extern void __pte_free_tlb(struct mmu_ga
static inline void pmd_populate_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm,
pmd_t *pmd, pte_t *pte)
{
- paravirt_alloc_pte(mm, __pa(pte) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
- set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(pte) | _PAGE_TABLE));
+ paravirt_alloc_pte(mm, __pa_symbol(pte) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+ set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa_symbol(pte) | _PAGE_TABLE));
}
static inline void pmd_populate(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd,
Index: linux/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ linux/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
* for zero-mapped memory areas etc..
*/
extern unsigned long empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long)];
-#define ZERO_PAGE(vaddr) (virt_to_page(empty_zero_page))
+#define ZERO_PAGE(vaddr) (virt_to_page_slow(empty_zero_page))
extern spinlock_t pgd_lock;
extern struct list_head pgd_list;
Index: linux/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ linux/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -186,9 +186,14 @@ static inline void native_cpuid(unsigned
: "0" (*eax), "2" (*ecx));
}
+extern pgd_t init_level4_pgt[];
+
static inline void load_cr3(pgd_t *pgdir)
{
- write_cr3(__pa(pgdir));
+ if (pgdir == init_level4_pgt)
+ write_cr3((unsigned long)(pgdir) - __START_KERNEL_map);
+ else
+ write_cr3(__pa(pgdir));
}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
Index: linux/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
+++ linux/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
@@ -733,12 +733,12 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
init_mm.brk = (unsigned long) &_end;
#endif
- code_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_text);
- code_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_etext)-1;
- data_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_etext);
- data_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_edata)-1;
- bss_resource.start = virt_to_phys(&__bss_start);
- bss_resource.end = virt_to_phys(&__bss_stop)-1;
+ code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
+ code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
+ data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_etext);
+ data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
+ bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(&__bss_start);
+ bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(&__bss_stop)-1;
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
Index: linux/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
+++ linux/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
@@ -965,11 +965,11 @@ void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigne
printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
for (; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
- ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
- init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
+ ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page_slow(addr));
+ init_page_count(virt_to_page_slow(addr));
memset((void *)(addr & ~(PAGE_SIZE-1)),
POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
- free_page(addr);
+ free_page((unsigned long)__va(__pa_symbol(addr)));
totalram_pages++;
}
#endif
Index: linux/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c
+++ linux/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mmiotrace.h>
+#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/e820.h>
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ static inline int phys_addr_valid(unsign
return addr < (1UL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits);
}
-unsigned long __phys_addr(unsigned long x)
+unsigned long __phys_addr_slow(unsigned long x)
{
if (x >= __START_KERNEL_map) {
x -= __START_KERNEL_map;
@@ -43,6 +44,15 @@ unsigned long __phys_addr(unsigned long
}
return x;
}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__phys_addr_slow);
+
+unsigned long __phys_addr(unsigned long x)
+{
+ if (x >= __START_KERNEL_map)
+ ftrace_printk("__phys_addr() done on symbol: %p\n", (void *)x);
+
+ return __phys_addr_slow(x);
+}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__phys_addr);
bool __virt_addr_valid(unsigned long x)
Index: linux/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
+++ linux/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ static inline void split_page_count(int
static inline unsigned long highmap_start_pfn(void)
{
- return __pa(_text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ return __pa_symbol(_text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}
static inline unsigned long highmap_end_pfn(void)
{
- return __pa(roundup((unsigned long)_end, PMD_SIZE)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ return __pa_symbol(roundup((unsigned long)_end, PMD_SIZE)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}
#endif
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ static inline pgprot_t static_protection
* The .rodata section needs to be read-only. Using the pfn
* catches all aliases.
*/
- if (within(pfn, __pa((unsigned long)__start_rodata) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
- __pa((unsigned long)__end_rodata) >> PAGE_SHIFT))
+ if (within(pfn, __pa_symbol((unsigned long)__start_rodata) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+ __pa_symbol((unsigned long)__end_rodata) >> PAGE_SHIFT))
pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_RW;
prot = __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) & ~pgprot_val(forbidden));
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ static int __cpa_process_fault(struct cp
if (within(vaddr, PAGE_OFFSET,
PAGE_OFFSET + (max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT))) {
cpa->numpages = 1;
- cpa->pfn = __pa(vaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ cpa->pfn = __pa_symbol(vaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
return 0;
} else {
WARN(1, KERN_WARNING "CPA: called for zero pte. "
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ int set_memory_uc(unsigned long addr, in
/*
* for now UC MINUS. see comments in ioremap_nocache()
*/
- if (reserve_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE,
+ if (reserve_memtype(__pa_symbol(addr), __pa_symbol(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE,
_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS, NULL))
return -EINVAL;
@@ -918,9 +918,9 @@ int set_memory_array_uc(unsigned long *a
* for now UC MINUS. see comments in ioremap_nocache()
*/
for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++) {
- start = __pa(addr[i]);
+ start = __pa_symbol(addr[i]);
for (end = start + PAGE_SIZE; i < addrinarray - 1; end += PAGE_SIZE) {
- if (end != __pa(addr[i + 1]))
+ if (end != __pa_symbol(addr[i + 1]))
break;
i++;
}
@@ -932,12 +932,12 @@ int set_memory_array_uc(unsigned long *a
__pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS), 1);
out:
for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++) {
- unsigned long tmp = __pa(addr[i]);
+ unsigned long tmp = __pa_symbol(addr[i]);
if (tmp == start)
break;
for (end = tmp + PAGE_SIZE; i < addrinarray - 1; end += PAGE_SIZE) {
- if (end != __pa(addr[i + 1]))
+ if (end != __pa_symbol(addr[i + 1]))
break;
i++;
}
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ int set_memory_wc(unsigned long addr, in
if (!pat_enabled)
return set_memory_uc(addr, numpages);
- if (reserve_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE,
+ if (reserve_memtype(__pa_symbol(addr), __pa_symbol(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE,
_PAGE_CACHE_WC, NULL))
return -EINVAL;
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ int _set_memory_wb(unsigned long addr, i
int set_memory_wb(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
- free_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
+ free_memtype(__pa_symbol(addr), __pa_symbol(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
return _set_memory_wb(addr, numpages);
}
@@ -985,11 +985,11 @@ int set_memory_array_wb(unsigned long *a
int i;
for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++) {
- unsigned long start = __pa(addr[i]);
+ unsigned long start = __pa_symbol(addr[i]);
unsigned long end;
for (end = start + PAGE_SIZE; i < addrinarray - 1; end += PAGE_SIZE) {
- if (end != __pa(addr[i + 1]))
+ if (end != __pa_symbol(addr[i + 1]))
break;
i++;
}
Index: linux/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c
+++ linux/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static void pgd_ctor(pgd_t *pgd)
swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
paravirt_alloc_pmd_clone(__pa(pgd) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
- __pa(swapper_pg_dir) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+ __pa_symbol(swapper_pg_dir) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
}
---
arch/x86/include/asm/page.h | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
Index: linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/page.h
+++ linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static inline void copy_user_page(void *
alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_ZERO | movableflags, vma, vaddr)
#define __HAVE_ARCH_ALLOC_ZEROED_USER_HIGHPAGE
-#define __pa(x) __phys_addr((unsigned long)(x))
+#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x)-PAGE_OFFSET)
#define __pa_slow(x) __phys_addr_slow((unsigned long)(x))
#define __pa_nodebug(x) __phys_addr_nodebug((unsigned long)(x))
/* __pa_symbol should be used for C visible symbols.
--
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