Date:	Sun, 12 Apr 2009 20:35:18 +0800
From:	Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@...el.com>
To:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>
Cc:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Vladislav Bolkhovitin <vst@...b.net>,
	Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@...cle.com>,
	Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@...hat.com>,
	LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
	Nick Piggin <npiggin@...e.de>, Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Chenfeng Xu <xcf@...c.edu.cn>, linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 3/3] readahead: introduce context readahead algorithm

On Sun, Apr 12, 2009 at 04:48:19PM +0800, Ingo Molnar wrote:
> 
> * Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@...el.com> wrote:
> 
> > Introduce page cache context based readahead algorithm.
> > This is to better support concurrent read streams in general.
> 
> >  /*
> > + * Count contiguously cached pages from @offset-1 to @offset-@max,
> > + * this count is a conservative estimation of
> > + * 	- length of the sequential read sequence, or
> > + * 	- thrashing threshold in memory tight systems
> > + */
> > +static pgoff_t count_history_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> > +				   struct file_ra_state *ra,
> > +				   pgoff_t offset, unsigned long max)
> > +{
> > +	pgoff_t head;
> > +
> > +	rcu_read_lock();
> > +	head = radix_tree_prev_hole(&mapping->page_tree, offset - 1, max);
> > +	rcu_read_unlock();
> > +
> > +	return offset - 1 - head;
> > +}
> 
> Very elegant method! I suspect this will work far better 
> than adding various increasingly more complex heuristics.
> 
> Emphatically-Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>

Thank you Ingo!

The only pity is that this heuristic can be defeated by some user
space program that tries to do aggressive drop-behind via
fadvise(DONTNEED) calls. But as long as the drop-behind algorithm
be a bit lazy and does not try to squeeze the last page at @offset-1,
this patch will work just OK.

The context readahead idea is so fundamental, that a slightly modified
algorithm can be used for all kinds of sequential patterns, and it can
automatically adapt to the thrashing threshold.

        1 if (probe_page(index - 1)) {
        2          begin = next_hole(index, max);
        3          H     = index - prev_hole(index, 2*max);
        4          end   = index + H;
        5          update_window(begin, end);
        6          submit_io();
        7 }

            [=] history [#] current [_] readahead [.] new readahead
            ==========================#____________..............
        1                            ^index-1
        2                             |----------->[begin
        3  |<----------- H -----------|
        4                             |----------- H ----------->]end
        5                                          [ new window ]


We didn't do that because we want to
- avoid unnecessary page cache lookups for normal cases
- be more aggressive when thrashings are not a concern

However, readahead thrashings are far more prevalent than one would
expect in a FTP/HTTP file streaming server. It can happen in a modern
server with 16GB memory, 1Gbps outbound bandwidth and 1MB readahead
size, due to the existences of slow streams.

Let's do a coarse calculation. The 8GB inactive_list pages will be
cycled in 64Gb/1Gbps=64 seconds. This means an async readahead window
must be consumed in 64s, or it will be thrashed.  That's a speed of
2048KB/64s=32KB/s. Any client below this speed will create thrashings
in the server. In practice, those poor slow clients could amount to
half of the total connections(partly because it will take them more
time to download anything). The frequent thrashings will in return
speedup the LRU cycling/aging speed...

We need a thrashing safe mode which do
- the above modified context readahead algorithm
- conservative ramp up of readahead size
- conservative async readahead size

The main problem is: when shall we switch into the mode?

We can start with aggressive readahead and try to detect readahead
thrashings and switch into thrashing safe mode automatically. This
will work for non-interleaved reads.  However the big file streamer -
lighttpd - does interleaved reads.  The current data structure is not
able to detect most readahead thrashings for lighttpd.

Luckily, the non-resident page tracking facility could help this case.
There the thrashed pages with their timing info can be found, based on
which we can have some extended context readahead algorithm that could
even overcome the drop-behind problem :)

Thanks,
Fengguang
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