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Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2009 10:34:21 +0800
From: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@...el.com>
To: Fernando Silveira <fsilveira@...il.com>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: I/O and pdflush
On Fri, Sep 04, 2009 at 10:21:23AM +0800, Wu Fengguang wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 04, 2009 at 04:46:14AM +0800, Fernando Silveira wrote:
> > On Wed, Sep 2, 2009 at 09:50, Wu Fengguang<fengguang.wu@...el.com> wrote:
> > > On Wed, Sep 02, 2009 at 07:29:37PM +0800, Fernando Silveira wrote:
> > >> On Wed, Sep 2, 2009 at 00:05, Wu Fengguang<fengguang.wu@...el.com> wrote:
> > >> > Is it tightly related to two interleaved write streams (the performance drop
> > >> > starts and stops with the second write stream)? If so, it sounds like a SSD
> > >> > hardware/firmware problem.
> > >>
> > >> By write stream you mean more than one sdc file descriptor writing? I
> > >> don't usually do that, except for some tests (e.g. the "20090831_0908
> > >> iostat_x_1_5-80mbps_3" test). In that last test I did not do that.
> > >>
> > >> The performance drops even when the whole system is idle, with no
> > >> process other than the essential and my program that does nothing but
> > >> open("/dev/sdc", O_WRONLY) and loops in write(fd, buf, 4194304).
> > >
> > > Yes, I mean concurrently writing to two large files.
> >
> > Sorry, but that cannot be happening in my tests. As I said before, the
> > only processes running are "init", "udevd", "sshd", "getty", "bash"
> > and "ddv". In the "dmesg" logs you can see that the only processes
> > that are writing to the disk are "ddv" and "pdflush". I just cannot
> > see another stream being written.
> >
> > Please tell me if I'm missing something.
>
> OK, so performance can go bad even for one single dd command?
>
> > > Note that the
> > > low level disk write start/stop time is normally not equal to
> > > application(eg. dd) write start/stop time because of delayed write.
> > >
> > > Passing "oflag=direct" to dd can make the two times aligned.
> >
> > I was aware of that, however I tried it and now the problem seems to
> > be much more difficult to be reproduced. I've being trying for a
> > couple of hours and so far all I could see was a small performance
> > drop from 80MB/s (now almost steady) to 60MB/s for some seconds
> > (approximately 16).
> >
> > Could this possibly mean something else to you?
>
> So performance is good on two concurrent O_DIRECT dd commands?
>
> > > These commands can show the block IO internals and help confirm
> > > whether it's the kernel or hardware's fault:
> > >
> > > blktrace -w1 /dev/sdc # do this while throughput is 25MB/s
> > > blkparse sdc
> >
> > I did that but I couldn't identify whose fault is. I don't understand
> > much about I/O internals (still trying to) and I wonder if you could
> > check it for me, please.
> >
> > The new trace logs are in this tarball:
> >
> > http://rootshell.be/~swrh/ssd-tests/log-20090903_1323-MK020903042C0001B-prosar_fcc2-bs_4M-0-blktrace_25mbps.tar.gz
>
> The kernel seems to do its job fine. I do see one obvious pattern(*).
> The driver seems to complete IO requests _in batches_, which in turn
> make the kernel issue IO requests in batches. Which might choke the
> hardware/firmware in some subtle way.
>
> In direct dd(s), the io queue is limited in size, so this kind of
> batching effect will not be obvious, which could explain why it
> performs better.
Fernando, to confirm this, you can try running dd with lowered queue depth:
echo 32 > /sys/block/sdc/queue/nr_requests
Thanks,
Fengguang
> ---
>
> (*) `blkparse sdc` shows repeated patterns of
>
> [thousands of A-Q-M sequences by ddv or pdflush]
> 8,32 0 11992 0.093682688 2417 A W 210184323 + 1 <- (8,34) 194119323
> 8,32 0 11993 0.093682832 2417 Q W 210184323 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 11994 0.093683066 2417 M W 210184323 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 11995 0.093683552 2417 A W 210184324 + 1 <- (8,34) 194119324
> 8,32 0 11996 0.093683702 2417 Q W 210184324 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 11997 0.093683930 2417 M W 210184324 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 11998 0.093684422 2417 A W 210184325 + 1 <- (8,34) 194119325
> 8,32 0 11999 0.093684566 2417 Q W 210184325 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12000 0.093684799 2417 M W 210184325 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12001 0.093685285 2417 A W 210184326 + 1 <- (8,34) 194119326
> 8,32 0 12002 0.093685429 2417 Q W 210184326 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12003 0.093685663 2417 M W 210184326 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12004 0.093686155 2417 A W 210184327 + 1 <- (8,34) 194119327
> 8,32 0 12005 0.093686299 2417 Q W 210184327 + 1 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12006 0.093686533 2417 M W 210184327 + 1 [ddv]
> [near 100 C-D sequences]
> 8,32 1 12378 0.094161760 0 C W 210164352 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12379 0.094318451 0 D W 210164608 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12007 0.095964571 2417 C W 210164480 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12008 0.096097816 2417 D W 210164736 + 128 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12009 0.097421849 211 C W 210164608 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12010 0.097566626 211 D W 210164864 + 128 [kswapd0]
> 8,32 1 12380 0.099029562 0 C W 210164736 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12381 0.099199427 0 D W 210164992 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12011 0.101573454 2417 C W 210164864 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12012 0.101722292 2417 D W 210165120 + 128 [ddv]
> 8,32 1 12382 0.103317406 0 C W 210164992 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12383 0.103491195 0 D W 210165248 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12013 0.104819283 2417 C W 210165120 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12014 0.104966411 2417 D W 210165376 + 128 [ddv]
> 8,32 0 12015 0.106378658 2417 C W 210165248 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12016 0.106545098 2417 D W 210165504 + 128 [ddv]
> 8,32 1 12384 0.108959520 0 C W 210165376 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12385 0.109088854 0 D W 210165632 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12017 0.110761352 0 C W 210165504 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12018 0.110881820 0 D W 210165760 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12386 0.112203050 0 C W 210165632 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12387 0.112310847 0 D W 210165888 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12019 0.113762264 0 C W 210165760 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12020 0.113868915 0 D W 210166016 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12021 0.116295958 0 C W 210165888 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12022 0.116405740 0 D W 210166144 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12388 0.118039279 0 C W 210166016 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12389 0.118146452 0 D W 210166272 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12023 0.119468271 0 C W 210166144 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12024 0.119569714 0 D W 210166400 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12390 0.120972296 0 C W 210166272 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12391 0.121081701 0 D W 210166528 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12392 0.123565552 0 C W 210166400 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12393 0.123674146 0 D W 210166656 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12025 0.125309227 0 C W 210166528 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12026 0.125417174 0 D W 210166784 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12394 0.126739754 0 C W 210166656 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12395 0.126845037 0 D W 210166912 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12027 0.128297684 0 C W 210166784 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12028 0.128407466 0 D W 210167040 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12396 0.130840911 0 C W 210166912 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12397 0.130947693 0 D W 210167168 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12398 0.132628003 0 C W 210167040 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12399 0.132732236 0 D W 210167296 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12029 0.134054889 0 C W 210167168 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12030 0.134160082 0 D W 210167424 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12400 0.135563066 0 C W 210167296 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12401 0.135664905 0 D W 210167552 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12031 0.138157000 0 C W 210167424 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12032 0.138263110 0 D W 210167680 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12402 0.139842121 0 C W 210167552 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12403 0.139945646 0 D W 210167808 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12404 0.141269145 210 C W 210167680 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12405 0.141377805 210 D W 210167936 + 128 [pdflush]
> 8,32 0 12033 0.142830026 0 C W 210167808 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12034 0.142936449 0 D W 210168064 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12406 0.145314280 0 C W 210167936 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12407 0.145418662 0 D W 210168192 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12035 0.147057325 0 C W 210168064 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12036 0.147159590 0 D W 210168320 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12408 0.148482753 0 C W 210168192 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12409 0.148587813 0 D W 210168448 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12410 0.149991158 0 C W 210168320 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12411 0.150096956 0 D W 210168576 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12037 0.152584743 0 C W 210168448 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12038 0.152690919 0 D W 210168704 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12412 0.154328700 0 C W 210168576 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12413 0.154431589 0 D W 210168832 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12039 0.155754320 0 C W 210168704 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12040 0.155852734 0 D W 210168960 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12414 0.157305657 0 C W 210168832 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12415 0.157407880 0 D W 210169088 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12416 0.159789046 0 C W 210168960 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12417 0.159887321 0 D W 210169216 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12041 0.161590753 0 C W 210169088 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12042 0.161690654 0 D W 210169344 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12418 0.163013019 0 C W 210169216 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12419 0.163115584 0 D W 210169472 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12043 0.164519096 0 C W 210169344 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12044 0.164622195 0 D W 210169600 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12420 0.167173282 0 C W 210169472 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12421 0.167276254 0 D W 210169728 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12422 0.168925764 0 C W 210169600 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12423 0.169027981 0 D W 210169856 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12045 0.170351065 0 C W 210169728 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12046 0.170455910 0 D W 210169984 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12424 0.171907579 0 C W 210169856 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12425 0.172013444 0 D W 210170112 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12047 0.174390555 0 C W 210169984 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12048 0.174492477 0 D W 210170240 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12426 0.176133642 0 C W 210170112 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12427 0.176237095 0 D W 210170368 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12428 0.177558824 0 C W 210170240 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12429 0.177664029 0 D W 210170496 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12049 0.179067469 0 C W 210170368 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12050 0.179169668 0 D W 210170624 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12430 0.181612304 0 C W 210170496 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12431 0.181714443 0 D W 210170752 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12051 0.183355913 0 C W 210170624 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12052 0.183459354 0 D W 210170880 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12432 0.184783537 0 C W 210170752 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12433 0.184880864 0 D W 210171008 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12053 0.186333961 0 C W 210170880 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12054 0.186428577 0 D W 210171136 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12055 0.188818497 0 C W 210171008 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12056 0.188920809 0 D W 210171264 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12434 0.190562105 0 C W 210171136 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12435 0.190666416 0 D W 210171392 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12057 0.191988452 0 C W 210171264 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12058 0.192089505 0 D W 210171520 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12436 0.193493089 0 C W 210171392 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12437 0.193595240 0 D W 210171648 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12438 0.196087478 0 C W 210171520 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12439 0.196191783 0 D W 210171776 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12059 0.197831496 0 C W 210171648 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12060 0.197933803 0 D W 210171904 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12440 0.199257319 0 C W 210171776 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12441 0.199360568 0 D W 210172032 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12061 0.200814049 0 C W 210171904 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12062 0.200913626 0 D W 210172160 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12442 0.203309419 0 C W 210172032 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12443 0.203412830 0 D W 210172288 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12063 0.205060570 0 C W 210172160 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12064 0.205162907 0 D W 210172416 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12065 0.206486099 0 C W 210172288 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12066 0.206587944 0 D W 210172544 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12444 0.207990905 0 C W 210172416 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12445 0.208091646 0 D W 210172672 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12067 0.210583968 0 C W 210172544 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12068 0.210680377 0 D W 210172800 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12446 0.212327398 0 C W 210172672 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12447 0.212428457 0 D W 210172928 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12069 0.213751590 0 C W 210172800 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12070 0.213853765 0 D W 210173056 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12071 0.215305974 0 C W 210172928 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12072 0.215410602 0 D W 210173184 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12448 0.217849597 0 C W 210173056 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12449 0.217949042 0 D W 210173312 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12073 0.219601719 0 C W 210173184 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12074 0.219703342 0 D W 210173440 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12450 0.221025743 0 C W 210173312 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12451 0.221127756 0 D W 210173568 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12075 0.222580660 0 C W 210173440 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12076 0.222676374 0 D W 210173696 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12077 0.225014766 0 C W 210173568 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12078 0.225111955 0 D W 210173824 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12452 0.226711310 0 C W 210173696 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12453 0.226812111 0 D W 210173952 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12079 0.229019147 0 C W 210173824 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12080 0.229119366 0 D W 210174080 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12454 0.230581959 0 C W 210173952 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12455 0.230682370 0 D W 210174208 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12081 0.232003758 0 C W 210174080 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12082 0.232102141 0 D W 210174336 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12083 0.233503956 0 C W 210174208 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12084 0.233600131 0 D W 210174464 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12456 0.234921110 0 C W 210174336 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12457 0.235018282 0 D W 210174592 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12085 0.236420624 0 C W 210174464 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12086 0.236519661 0 D W 210174720 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 1 12458 0.238714991 0 C W 210174592 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 1 12459 0.238812841 0 D W 210174848 + 128 [swapper]
> 8,32 0 12087 0.240419071 0 C W 210174720 + 128 [0]
> 8,32 0 12088 0.240514299 0 D W 210174976 + 128 [swapper]
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