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Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2009 03:44:05 -0400
From: Mike Frysinger <vapier@...too.org>
To: uclinux-dev@...inux.org, David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>,
David McCullough <davidm@...pgear.com>,
Greg Ungerer <gerg@...inux.org>,
Paul Mundt <lethal@...ux-sh.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
uclinux-dist-devel@...ckfin.uclinux.org,
Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@...log.com>, Robin Getz <rgetz@...log.com>
Subject: [PATCH] NOMMU: fix malloc performance by adding uninitialized flag
From: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@...log.com>
The no-mmu code currently clears all anonymous mmap-ed memory. While this
is what we want in the default case, all memory allocation from userspace
under no-mmu has to go through this interface, including malloc() which is
allowed to return uninitialized memory. This can easily be a significant
performance slow down. So for constrained embedded systems were security
is irrelevant, allow people to avoid unnecessarily clearing memory.
Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@...log.com>
Signed-off-by: Robin Getz <rgetz@...log.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@...too.org>
---
Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c | 2 +-
include/asm-generic/mman-common.h | 5 +++++
init/Kconfig | 16 ++++++++++++++++
mm/nommu.c | 7 ++++---
5 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt b/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt
index b565e82..30d09e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt
+++ b/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,27 @@ the CLONE_VM flag.
The behaviour is similar between the MMU and no-MMU cases, but not identical;
and it's also much more restricted in the latter case:
+ (*) Anonymous mappings - general case
+
+ Anonymous mappings are not backed by any file, and according to the
+ Linux man pages (ver 2.22 or later) contents are initialized to zero.
+
+ In the MMU case, regions are backed by arbitrary virtual pages, and the
+ contents are only mapped with physical pages and initialized to zero
+ when a read or write happens in that specific page. This spreads out
+ the time it takes to initialize the contents depending on the
+ read/write usage of the map.
+
+ In the no-MMU case, anonymous mappings are backed by physical pages,
+ and the entire map is initialized to zero at allocation time. This
+ can cause significant delays in userspace during malloc() as the C
+ library does an anonymous mapping, and the kernel is doing a memset
+ for the entire map. Since malloc's memory is not required to be
+ cleared, an (optional) flag MAP_UNINITIALIZE can be passed to the
+ kernel's do_mmap, which will not initialize the contents to zero.
+
+ uClibc supports this to provide a pretty significant speedup for malloc().
+
(*) Anonymous mapping, MAP_PRIVATE
In the MMU case: VM regions backed by arbitrary pages; copy-on-write
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c b/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
index 38502c6..85db4a4 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ static int load_elf_fdpic_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm,
down_write(¤t->mm->mmap_sem);
current->mm->start_brk = do_mmap(NULL, 0, stack_size,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
- MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_GROWSDOWN,
+ MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_UNINITIALIZE | MAP_GROWSDOWN,
0);
if (IS_ERR_VALUE(current->mm->start_brk)) {
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h b/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h
index 5ee13b2..dddf626 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
#define MAP_TYPE 0x0f /* Mask for type of mapping */
#define MAP_FIXED 0x10 /* Interpret addr exactly */
#define MAP_ANONYMOUS 0x20 /* don't use a file */
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZE
+# define MAP_UNINITIALIZE 0x4000000 /* For anonymous mmap, memory could be uninitialized */
+#else
+# define MAP_UNINITIALIZE 0x0 /* Don't support this flag */
+#endif
#define MS_ASYNC 1 /* sync memory asynchronously */
#define MS_INVALIDATE 2 /* invalidate the caches */
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 09c5c64..ae15849 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -1069,6 +1069,22 @@ config SLOB
endchoice
+config MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZE
+ bool "Allow mmaped anonymous memory to be un-initialized"
+ depends on EMBEDDED && ! MMU
+ default n
+ help
+ Normally (and according to the Linux spec) mmap'ed MAP_ANONYMOUS
+ memory has it's contents initialized to zero. This kernel option
+ gives you the option of not doing that by adding a MAP_UNINITIALIZE
+ mmap flag (which uClibc's malloc() takes takes advantage of)
+ which provides a huge performance boost.
+
+ Because of the obvious security issues, this option should only be
+ enabled on embedded devices which you control what is run in
+ userspace. Since that isn't a problem on no-MMU systems, it is
+ normally safe to say Y here.
+
config PROFILING
bool "Profiling support (EXPERIMENTAL)"
help
diff --git a/mm/nommu.c b/mm/nommu.c
index 5189b5a..b62bd9d 100644
--- a/mm/nommu.c
+++ b/mm/nommu.c
@@ -1143,9 +1143,6 @@ static int do_mmap_private(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
if (ret < rlen)
memset(base + ret, 0, rlen - ret);
- } else {
- /* if it's an anonymous mapping, then just clear it */
- memset(base, 0, rlen);
}
return 0;
@@ -1343,6 +1340,10 @@ unsigned long do_mmap_pgoff(struct file *file,
goto error_just_free;
add_nommu_region(region);
+ /* clear anonymous mappings that don't ask for un-initialized data */
+ if (!(vma->vm_file) && !(flags & MAP_UNINITIALIZE))
+ memset((void *)region->vm_start, 0, region->vm_end - region->vm_start);
+
/* okay... we have a mapping; now we have to register it */
result = vma->vm_start;
--
1.6.5
--
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