Date:	Thu, 06 May 2010 00:18:29 +0300
From:	Dor Laor <dlaor@...hat.com>
To:	"Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@...hat.com>
CC:	Rusty Russell <rusty@...tcorp.com.au>,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	virtualization@...ts.linux-foundation.org, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
	qemu-devel@...gnu.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC] virtio: put last seen used index into ring itself

On 05/05/2010 11:58 PM, Michael S. Tsirkin wrote:
> Generally, the Host end of the virtio ring doesn't need to see where
> Guest is up to in consuming the ring.  However, to completely understand
> what's going on from the outside, this information must be exposed.
> For example, host can reduce the number of interrupts by detecting
> that the guest is currently handling previous buffers.
>
> Fortunately, we have room to expand: the ring is always a whole number
> of pages and there's hundreds of bytes of padding after the avail ring
> and the used ring, whatever the number of descriptors (which must be a
> power of 2).
>
> We add a feature bit so the guest can tell the host that it's writing
> out the current value there, if it wants to use that.
>
> This is based on a patch by Rusty Russell, with the main difference
> being that we dedicate a feature bit to guest to tell the host it is
> writing the used index.  This way we don't need to force host to publish
> the last available index until we have a use for it.
>
> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell<rusty@...tcorp.com.au>
> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin<mst@...hat.com>
> ---
>
> Rusty,
> this is a simplified form of a patch you posted in the past.
> I have a vhost patch that, using this feature, shows external
> to host bandwidth grow from 5 to 7 GB/s, by avoiding

You mean external to guest I guess.

We have a similar issue with virtio-blk - when using very fast 
multi-spindle storage on the host side, there are too many irq injection 
events. This patch should probably reduce them allot.
The principle exactly matches the Xen ring.

> an interrupt in the window after previous interrupt
> was sent and before interrupts were disabled for the vq.
> With vhost under some external to host loads I see
> this window being hit about 30% sometimes.
>
> I'm finalizing the host bits and plan to send
> the final version for inclusion when all's ready,
> but I'd like to hear comments meanwhile.
>
>   drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c |   28 +++++++++++++++++-----------
>   include/linux/virtio_ring.h  |   14 +++++++++++++-
>   2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
> index 1ca8890..7729aba 100644
> --- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
> +++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
> @@ -89,9 +89,6 @@ struct vring_virtqueue
>   	/* Number we've added since last sync. */
>   	unsigned int num_added;
>
> -	/* Last used index we've seen. */
> -	u16 last_used_idx;
> -
>   	/* How to notify other side. FIXME: commonalize hcalls! */
>   	void (*notify)(struct virtqueue *vq);
>
> @@ -285,12 +282,13 @@ static void detach_buf(struct vring_virtqueue *vq, unsigned int head)
>
>   static inline bool more_used(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq)
>   {
> -	return vq->last_used_idx != vq->vring.used->idx;
> +	return *vq->vring.last_used_idx != vq->vring.used->idx;
>   }
>
>   void *virtqueue_get_buf(struct virtqueue *_vq, unsigned int *len)
>   {
>   	struct vring_virtqueue *vq = to_vvq(_vq);
> +	struct vring_used_elem *u;
>   	void *ret;
>   	unsigned int i;
>
> @@ -307,12 +305,13 @@ void *virtqueue_get_buf(struct virtqueue *_vq, unsigned int *len)
>   		return NULL;
>   	}
>
> -	/* Only get used array entries after they have been exposed by host. */
> -	virtio_rmb();
> -
> -	i = vq->vring.used->ring[vq->last_used_idx%vq->vring.num].id;
> -	*len = vq->vring.used->ring[vq->last_used_idx%vq->vring.num].len;
> +	/* Only get used array entries after they have been exposed by host.
> +	 * Need mb(), not just rmb() because we write last_used_idx below. */
> +	virtio_mb();
>
> +	u =&vq->vring.used->ring[*vq->vring.last_used_idx % vq->vring.num];
> +	i = u->id;
> +	*len = u->len;
>   	if (unlikely(i>= vq->vring.num)) {
>   		BAD_RING(vq, "id %u out of range\n", i);
>   		return NULL;
> @@ -325,7 +324,8 @@ void *virtqueue_get_buf(struct virtqueue *_vq, unsigned int *len)
>   	/* detach_buf clears data, so grab it now. */
>   	ret = vq->data[i];
>   	detach_buf(vq, i);
> -	vq->last_used_idx++;
> +	(*vq->vring.last_used_idx)++;
> +
>   	END_USE(vq);
>   	return ret;
>   }
> @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ struct virtqueue *vring_new_virtqueue(unsigned int num,
>   	vq->vq.name = name;
>   	vq->notify = notify;
>   	vq->broken = false;
> -	vq->last_used_idx = 0;
> +	*vq->vring.last_used_idx = 0;
>   	vq->num_added = 0;
>   	list_add_tail(&vq->vq.list,&vdev->vqs);
>   #ifdef DEBUG
> @@ -440,6 +440,10 @@ struct virtqueue *vring_new_virtqueue(unsigned int num,
>
>   	vq->indirect = virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC);
>
> +	/* We publish used index whether Host offers it or not: if not, it's
> +	 * junk space anyway.  But calling this acknowledges the feature. */
> +	virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_PUBLISH_USED);
> +
>   	/* No callback?  Tell other side not to bother us. */
>   	if (!callback)
>   		vq->vring.avail->flags |= VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT;
> @@ -473,6 +477,8 @@ void vring_transport_features(struct virtio_device *vdev)
>   		switch (i) {
>   		case VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC:
>   			break;
> +		case VIRTIO_RING_F_PUBLISH_INDICES:
> +			break;
>   		default:
>   			/* We don't understand this bit. */
>   			clear_bit(i, vdev->features);
> diff --git a/include/linux/virtio_ring.h b/include/linux/virtio_ring.h
> index e4d144b..9d01de9 100644
> --- a/include/linux/virtio_ring.h
> +++ b/include/linux/virtio_ring.h
> @@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
>   /* We support indirect buffer descriptors */
>   #define VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC	28
>
> +/* The Guest publishes last-seen used index at the end of the avail ring. */
> +#define VIRTIO_RING_F_PUBLISH_USED	29
> +
>   /* Virtio ring descriptors: 16 bytes.  These can chain together via "next". */
>   struct vring_desc {
>   	/* Address (guest-physical). */
> @@ -69,6 +72,8 @@ struct vring {
>   	struct vring_avail *avail;
>
>   	struct vring_used *used;
> +	/* Last used index seen by the Guest. */
> +	__u16 *last_used_idx;
>   };
>
>   /* The standard layout for the ring is a continuous chunk of memory which looks
> @@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ struct vring {
>    *	__u16 avail_flags;
>    *	__u16 avail_idx;
>    *	__u16 available[num];
> + *	__u16 last_used_idx;
>    *
>    *	// Padding to the next align boundary.
>    *	char pad[];
> @@ -101,11 +107,17 @@ static inline void vring_init(struct vring *vr, unsigned int num, void *p,
>   	vr->avail = p + num*sizeof(struct vring_desc);
>   	vr->used = (void *)(((unsigned long)&vr->avail->ring[num] + align-1)
>   			&  ~(align - 1));
> +	/* We publish the last-seen used index at the end of the available ring.
> +	 * It is at the end for backwards compatibility. */
> +	vr->last_used_idx =&(vr)->avail->ring[num];
> +	/* Verify that last used index does not spill over the used ring. */
> +	BUG_ON((void *)vr->last_used_idx +
> +	       sizeof *vr->last_used_idx>  (void *)vr->used);
>   }
>
>   static inline unsigned vring_size(unsigned int num, unsigned long align)
>   {
> -	return ((sizeof(struct vring_desc) * num + sizeof(__u16) * (2 + num)
> +	return ((sizeof(struct vring_desc) * num + sizeof(__u16) * (3 + num)
>   		 + align - 1)&  ~(align - 1))
>   		+ sizeof(__u16) * 2 + sizeof(struct vring_used_elem) * num;
>   }

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