Date:	Thu, 14 Oct 2010 10:44:11 +0530
From:	Bharata B Rao <bharata@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Balbir Singh <balbir@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Dhaval Giani <dhaval.giani@...il.com>,
	Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@...ibm.com>,
	Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>,
	Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
	Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@...nvz.org>,
	Herbert Poetzl <herbert@...hfloor.at>,
	Avi Kivity <avi@...hat.com>,
	Chris Friesen <cfriesen@...tel.com>,
	Paul Menage <menage@...gle.com>,
	Mike Waychison <mikew@...gle.com>,
	Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>, Nikhil Rao <ncrao@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 1/7] sched: introduce primitives to account for CFS
	bandwidth tracking

On Wed, Oct 13, 2010 at 06:30:18PM +0530, Balbir Singh wrote:
> * Bharata B Rao <bharata@...ux.vnet.ibm.com> [2010-10-12 13:20:23]:
> 
> > sched: introduce primitives to account for CFS bandwidth tracking
> > 
> > From: Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>
> > 
> > In this patch we introduce the notion of CFS bandwidth, to account for the
> > realities of SMP this is partitioned into globally unassigned bandwidth, and
> > locally claimed bandwidth:
> > - The global bandwidth is per task_group, it represents a pool of unclaimed
> >   bandwidth that cfs_rq's can allocate from.  It uses the new cfs_bandwidth
> >   structure.
> > - The local bandwidth is tracked per-cfs_rq, this represents allotments from
> >   the global pool
> >   bandwidth assigned to a task_group, this is tracked using the
> >   new cfs_bandwidth structure.
> > 
> > Bandwidth is managed via cgroupfs via two new files in the cpu subsystem:
> > - cpu.cfs_period_us : the bandwidth period in usecs
> > - cpu.cfs_quota_us : the cpu bandwidth (in usecs) that this tg will be allowed
> >   to consume over period above.
> > 
> > A per-cfs_bandwidth timer is also introduced to handle future refresh at
> > period expiration.  There's some minor refactoring here so that
> > start_bandwidth_timer() functionality can be shared
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Nikhil Rao <ncrao@...gle.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Bharata B Rao <bharata@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
> > ---
> >  init/Kconfig        |    9 +
> >  kernel/sched.c      |  271 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
> >  kernel/sched_fair.c |   10 +
> >  3 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
> > 
> > --- a/init/Kconfig
> > +++ b/init/Kconfig
> > @@ -609,6 +609,15 @@ config FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
> >  	depends on CGROUP_SCHED
> >  	default CGROUP_SCHED
> > 
> > +config CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	bool "CPU bandwidth provisioning for FAIR_GROUP_SCHED"
> > +	depends on EXPERIMENTAL
> > +	depends on FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
> > +	default n
> > +	help
> > +	  This option allows users to define quota and period for cpu
> > +	  bandwidth provisioning on a per-cgroup basis.
> > +
> >  config RT_GROUP_SCHED
> >  	bool "Group scheduling for SCHED_RR/FIFO"
> >  	depends on EXPERIMENTAL
> > --- a/kernel/sched.c
> > +++ b/kernel/sched.c
> > @@ -192,10 +192,28 @@ static inline int rt_bandwidth_enabled(v
> >  	return sysctl_sched_rt_runtime >= 0;
> >  }
> > 
> > -static void start_rt_bandwidth(struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b)
> > +static void start_bandwidth_timer(struct hrtimer *period_timer, ktime_t period)
> >  {
> > -	ktime_t now;
> > +	unsigned long delta;
> > +	ktime_t soft, hard, now;
> > +
> > +	for (;;) {
> > +		if (hrtimer_active(period_timer))
> > +			break;
> > 
> > +		now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(period_timer);
> > +		hrtimer_forward(period_timer, now, period);
> > +
> > +		soft = hrtimer_get_softexpires(period_timer);
> > +		hard = hrtimer_get_expires(period_timer);
> > +		delta = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(hard, soft));
> > +		__hrtimer_start_range_ns(period_timer, soft, delta,
> > +					 HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED, 0);
> 
> This code can be replaced with
> 
> hrtimer_start_expires(period_timer, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED) if we
> don't care about wakeup_softirq, is there a reason we prefer to keep
> wakeup as 0?

We have carried this from RT code. ATM I am not exactly sure if wakeup
parameter makes any difference to us. Need to check.

> 
> > +	}
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void start_rt_bandwidth(struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b)
> > +{
> >  	if (!rt_bandwidth_enabled() || rt_b->rt_runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
> >  		return;
> > 
> > @@ -203,22 +221,7 @@ static void start_rt_bandwidth(struct rt
> >  		return;
> > 
> >  	raw_spin_lock(&rt_b->rt_runtime_lock);
> > -	for (;;) {
> > -		unsigned long delta;
> > -		ktime_t soft, hard;
> > -
> > -		if (hrtimer_active(&rt_b->rt_period_timer))
> > -			break;
> > -
> > -		now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(&rt_b->rt_period_timer);
> > -		hrtimer_forward(&rt_b->rt_period_timer, now, rt_b->rt_period);
> > -
> > -		soft = hrtimer_get_softexpires(&rt_b->rt_period_timer);
> > -		hard = hrtimer_get_expires(&rt_b->rt_period_timer);
> > -		delta = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(hard, soft));
> > -		__hrtimer_start_range_ns(&rt_b->rt_period_timer, soft, delta,
> > -				HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED, 0);
> > -	}
> > +	start_bandwidth_timer(&rt_b->rt_period_timer, rt_b->rt_period);
> >  	raw_spin_unlock(&rt_b->rt_runtime_lock);
> >  }
> > 
> > @@ -243,6 +246,15 @@ struct cfs_rq;
> > 
> >  static LIST_HEAD(task_groups);
> > 
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +struct cfs_bandwidth {
> > +	raw_spinlock_t		lock;
> > +	ktime_t			period;
> > +	u64			runtime, quota;
> > +	struct hrtimer		period_timer;
> > +};
> > +#endif
> > +
> >  /* task group related information */
> >  struct task_group {
> >  	struct cgroup_subsys_state css;
> > @@ -268,6 +280,10 @@ struct task_group {
> >  	struct task_group *parent;
> >  	struct list_head siblings;
> >  	struct list_head children;
> > +
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	struct cfs_bandwidth cfs_bandwidth;
> > +#endif
> >  };
> > 
> >  #define root_task_group init_task_group
> > @@ -369,9 +385,76 @@ struct cfs_rq {
> >  	 */
> >  	unsigned long rq_weight;
> >  #endif
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	u64 quota_assigned, quota_used;
> > +#endif
> >  #endif
> >  };
> > 
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +static int do_sched_cfs_period_timer(struct cfs_bandwidth *cfs_b, int overrun);
> > +
> > +static enum hrtimer_restart sched_cfs_period_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
> > +{
> > +	struct cfs_bandwidth *cfs_b =
> > +		container_of(timer, struct cfs_bandwidth, period_timer);
> > +	ktime_t now;
> > +	int overrun;
> > +	int idle = 0;
> > +
> > +	for (;;) {
> > +		now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(timer);
> > +		overrun = hrtimer_forward(timer, now, cfs_b->period);
> > +
> > +		if (!overrun)
> > +			break;
> 
> What is the significance of overrun? overrun is set when delta >
> interval. The logic seems to be that hrtimer is forwarded in steps of
> cfs_b->period till we reach the desired time.

This is again carried from RT code where RT accounts for timer overruns
by appropriately adjusting the runtime. We aren't currently doing anything
with it in our timer handler, but we do need to check if and how we need
to handle timer overruns.

> 
> > +
> > +		idle = do_sched_cfs_period_timer(cfs_b, overrun);
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	return idle ? HRTIMER_NORESTART : HRTIMER_RESTART;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static
> > +void init_cfs_bandwidth(struct cfs_bandwidth *cfs_b, u64 quota, u64 period)
> > +{
> > +	raw_spin_lock_init(&cfs_b->lock);
> > +	cfs_b->quota = cfs_b->runtime = quota;
> > +	cfs_b->period = ns_to_ktime(period);
> > +
> > +	hrtimer_init(&cfs_b->period_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
> > +	cfs_b->period_timer.function = sched_cfs_period_timer;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static
> > +void init_cfs_rq_quota(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq)
> > +{
> > +	cfs_rq->quota_used = 0;
> > +	if (cfs_rq->tg->cfs_bandwidth.quota == RUNTIME_INF)
> > +		cfs_rq->quota_assigned = RUNTIME_INF;
> > +	else
> > +		cfs_rq->quota_assigned = 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void start_cfs_bandwidth(struct cfs_bandwidth *cfs_b)
> > +{
> > +	if (cfs_b->quota == RUNTIME_INF)
> > +		return;
> > +
> > +	if (hrtimer_active(&cfs_b->period_timer))
> > +		return;
> 
> Why the double check, start_bandwidth_timer also checks this. Is it to
> avoid doing the check under cfs_b->lock?

Again this is carried from RT code. I think the first one is quick check
to back out w/o having to take the cfs_b->lock.

> 
> > +
> > +	raw_spin_lock(&cfs_b->lock);
> > +	start_bandwidth_timer(&cfs_b->period_timer, cfs_b->period);
> > +	raw_spin_unlock(&cfs_b->lock);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void destroy_cfs_bandwidth(struct cfs_bandwidth *cfs_b)
> > +{
> > +	hrtimer_cancel(&cfs_b->period_timer);
> > +}
> > +#endif
> > +
> >  /* Real-Time classes' related field in a runqueue: */
> >  struct rt_rq {
> >  	struct rt_prio_array active;
> > @@ -1840,6 +1923,14 @@ static inline void __set_task_cpu(struct
> > 
> >  static const struct sched_class rt_sched_class;
> > 
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +/*
> > + * default period for cfs group bandwidth.
> > + * default: 0.5s
> > + */
> > +static u64 sched_cfs_bandwidth_period = 500000000ULL;
> > +#endif
> > +
> >  #define sched_class_highest (&rt_sched_class)
> >  #define for_each_class(class) \
> >     for (class = sched_class_highest; class; class = class->next)
> > @@ -7644,6 +7735,9 @@ static void init_tg_cfs_entry(struct tas
> >  	tg->cfs_rq[cpu] = cfs_rq;
> >  	init_cfs_rq(cfs_rq, rq);
> >  	cfs_rq->tg = tg;
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	init_cfs_rq_quota(cfs_rq);
> > +#endif
> >  	if (add)
> >  		list_add(&cfs_rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list, &rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list);
> > 
> > @@ -7789,6 +7883,10 @@ void __init sched_init(void)
> >  		 * We achieve this by letting init_task_group's tasks sit
> >  		 * directly in rq->cfs (i.e init_task_group->se[] = NULL).
> >  		 */
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +		init_cfs_bandwidth(&init_task_group.cfs_bandwidth,
> > +				RUNTIME_INF, sched_cfs_bandwidth_period);
> > +#endif
> >  		init_tg_cfs_entry(&init_task_group, &rq->cfs, NULL, i, 1, NULL);
> >  #endif
> >  #endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
> > @@ -8032,6 +8130,10 @@ static void free_fair_sched_group(struct
> >  {
> >  	int i;
> > 
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	destroy_cfs_bandwidth(&tg->cfs_bandwidth);
> > +#endif
> > +
> >  	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
> >  		if (tg->cfs_rq)
> >  			kfree(tg->cfs_rq[i]);
> > @@ -8059,7 +8161,10 @@ int alloc_fair_sched_group(struct task_g
> >  		goto err;
> > 
> >  	tg->shares = NICE_0_LOAD;
> > -
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	init_cfs_bandwidth(&tg->cfs_bandwidth, RUNTIME_INF,
> > +			sched_cfs_bandwidth_period);
> > +#endif
> >  	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
> >  		rq = cpu_rq(i);
> > 
> > @@ -8505,7 +8610,7 @@ static int __rt_schedulable(struct task_
> >  	return walk_tg_tree(tg_schedulable, tg_nop, &data);
> >  }
> > 
> > -static int tg_set_bandwidth(struct task_group *tg,
> > +static int tg_set_rt_bandwidth(struct task_group *tg,
> >  		u64 rt_period, u64 rt_runtime)
> >  {
> >  	int i, err = 0;
> > @@ -8544,7 +8649,7 @@ int sched_group_set_rt_runtime(struct ta
> >  	if (rt_runtime_us < 0)
> >  		rt_runtime = RUNTIME_INF;
> > 
> > -	return tg_set_bandwidth(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime);
> > +	return tg_set_rt_bandwidth(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime);
> >  }
> > 
> >  long sched_group_rt_runtime(struct task_group *tg)
> > @@ -8569,7 +8674,7 @@ int sched_group_set_rt_period(struct tas
> >  	if (rt_period == 0)
> >  		return -EINVAL;
> > 
> > -	return tg_set_bandwidth(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime);
> > +	return tg_set_rt_bandwidth(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime);
> >  }
> > 
> >  long sched_group_rt_period(struct task_group *tg)
> > @@ -8776,6 +8881,116 @@ static u64 cpu_shares_read_u64(struct cg
> > 
> >  	return (u64) tg->shares;
> >  }
> > +
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +static int tg_set_cfs_bandwidth(struct task_group *tg, u64 period, u64 quota)
> > +{
> > +	int i;
> > +	static DEFINE_MUTEX(mutex);
> > +
> > +	if (tg == &init_task_group)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	if (!period)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	/*
> > +	 * Ensure we have at least one tick of bandwidth every period.  This is
> > +	 * to prevent reaching a state of large arrears when throttled via
> > +	 * entity_tick() resulting in prolonged exit starvation.
> > +	 */
> > +	if (NS_TO_JIFFIES(quota) < 1)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> 
> I hope we document this in the Documentation :)

Sure. This and also some documentation about the cgroup files we introduce
will be added in our next post.

> 
> > +
> > +	mutex_lock(&mutex);
> > +	raw_spin_lock_irq(&tg->cfs_bandwidth.lock);
> > +	tg->cfs_bandwidth.period = ns_to_ktime(period);
> > +	tg->cfs_bandwidth.runtime = tg->cfs_bandwidth.quota = quota;
> > +	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&tg->cfs_bandwidth.lock);
> > +
> > +	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
> 
> Why not for_each_online_cpu()?

Again this is similar to what is done in RT. We however need to re-check
if we want to take any special actions on CPU hot(un)plug.

> 
> > +		struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq = tg->cfs_rq[i];
> > +		struct rq *rq = rq_of(cfs_rq);
> > +
> > +		raw_spin_lock_irq(&rq->lock);
> > +		init_cfs_rq_quota(cfs_rq);
> > +		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
> > +	}
> > +	mutex_unlock(&mutex);
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +int tg_set_cfs_quota(struct task_group *tg, long cfs_runtime_us)
> > +{
> > +	u64 quota, period;
> > +
> > +	period = ktime_to_ns(tg->cfs_bandwidth.period);
> > +	if (cfs_runtime_us < 0)
> > +		quota = RUNTIME_INF;
> 
> So -1 or -x results in infinite quota?

Yes.

> 
> > +	else
> > +		quota = (u64)cfs_runtime_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
> > +
> > +	return tg_set_cfs_bandwidth(tg, period, quota);
> > +}
> > +
> > +long tg_get_cfs_quota(struct task_group *tg)
> > +{
> > +	u64 quota_us;
> > +
> > +	if (tg->cfs_bandwidth.quota == RUNTIME_INF)
> > +		return -1;
> 
> This is a little inconsistent, I can set -5, but I see -1 when I do a
> get?

I see your point. May be we should just allow only -1 and positive values
for quota.

> 
> > +
> > +	quota_us = tg->cfs_bandwidth.quota;
> > +	do_div(quota_us, NSEC_PER_USEC);
> > +	return quota_us;
> > +}
> > +
> > +int tg_set_cfs_period(struct task_group *tg, long cfs_period_us)
> > +{
> > +	u64 quota, period;
> > +
> > +	period = (u64)cfs_period_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
> > +	quota = tg->cfs_bandwidth.quota;
> > +
> > +	if (period <= 0)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	return tg_set_cfs_bandwidth(tg, period, quota);
> > +}
> > +
> > +long tg_get_cfs_period(struct task_group *tg)
> > +{
> > +	u64 cfs_period_us;
> > +
> > +	cfs_period_us = ktime_to_ns(tg->cfs_bandwidth.period);
> > +	do_div(cfs_period_us, NSEC_PER_USEC);
> > +	return cfs_period_us;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static s64 cpu_cfs_quota_read_s64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
> > +{
> > +	return tg_get_cfs_quota(cgroup_tg(cgrp));
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int cpu_cfs_quota_write_s64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cftype,
> > +				s64 cfs_quota_us)
> > +{
> > +	return tg_set_cfs_quota(cgroup_tg(cgrp), cfs_quota_us);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static u64 cpu_cfs_period_read_u64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
> > +{
> > +	return tg_get_cfs_period(cgroup_tg(cgrp));
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int cpu_cfs_period_write_u64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cftype,
> > +				u64 cfs_period_us)
> > +{
> > +	return tg_set_cfs_period(cgroup_tg(cgrp), cfs_period_us);
> > +}
> > +
> > +#endif /* CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH */
> >  #endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
> > 
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
> > @@ -8810,6 +9025,18 @@ static struct cftype cpu_files[] = {
> >  		.write_u64 = cpu_shares_write_u64,
> >  	},
> >  #endif
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	{
> > +		.name = "cfs_quota_us",
> > +		.read_s64 = cpu_cfs_quota_read_s64,
> > +		.write_s64 = cpu_cfs_quota_write_s64,
> > +	},
> > +	{
> > +		.name = "cfs_period_us",
> > +		.read_u64 = cpu_cfs_period_read_u64,
> > +		.write_u64 = cpu_cfs_period_write_u64,
> > +	},
> > +#endif
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
> >  	{
> >  		.name = "rt_runtime_us",
> > --- a/kernel/sched_fair.c
> > +++ b/kernel/sched_fair.c
> > @@ -360,6 +360,9 @@ static void __enqueue_entity(struct cfs_
> > 
> >  	rb_link_node(&se->run_node, parent, link);
> >  	rb_insert_color(&se->run_node, &cfs_rq->tasks_timeline);
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +	start_cfs_bandwidth(&cfs_rq->tg->cfs_bandwidth);
> > +#endif
> >  }
> > 
> >  static void __dequeue_entity(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se)
> > @@ -1126,6 +1129,13 @@ static void yield_task_fair(struct rq *r
> >  	se->vruntime = rightmost->vruntime + 1;
> >  }
> > 
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
> > +static int do_sched_cfs_period_timer(struct cfs_bandwidth *cfs_b, int overrun)
> > +{
> > +	return 1;
> 
> Hmmm.. what is 1? true?

That was just a place holder. This function gets full functionality in a
later patch.

Thanks for your review.

Regards,
Bharata.
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