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Date: Wed, 16 Feb 2011 16:34:39 -0500
From: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@...cle.com>
To: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@...p.org>,
"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
the arch/x86 maintainers <x86@...nel.org>,
"Xen-devel@...ts.xensource.com" <Xen-devel@...ts.xensource.com>,
Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Ian Campbell <Ian.Campbell@...rix.com>,
Jan Beulich <JBeulich@...ell.com>,
Larry Woodman <lwoodman@...hat.com>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Andi Kleen <andi@...stfloor.org>,
Johannes Weiner <jweiner@...hat.com>,
Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>, Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] fix pgd_lock deadlock
On Wed, Feb 16, 2011 at 07:33:04PM +0100, Andrea Arcangeli wrote:
> On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 09:05:20PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> > Did you try with DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, which is calling into cpa quite a
> > lot?
>
> I tried DEBUG_PAGEALLOC and it seems to work fine (in addition to
> lockdep), it doesn't spwan any debug check.
>
> In addition to testing it (both prev patch and below one) I looked
I checked this under Xen running as PV and Dom0 and had no trouble.
You can stick:
Tested-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@...cle.com>
> into the code and the free_pages calling into
> pageattr->split_large_page apparently happens all at boot time.
>
> Now one doubt remains if we need change_page_attr to run from irqs
> (not from DEBUG_PAGEALLOC though). Now is change_page_attr really sane
> to run from irqs? I thought __flush_tlb_all was delivering IPI (in
> that case it also wouldn't have been safe in the first place to run
> with irq disabled) but of course the "__" version is local, so after
> all maybe it's safe to run with interrupts too (I'd be amazed if
> somebody is calling it from irq, if not even DEBUG_PAGEALLOC does) but
> with the below patch it will remain safe from irq as far as the
> pgd_lock is concerned.
>
> I think the previous patch was safe too though, avoiding VM
> manipulations from interrupts makes everything simpler. Normally only
> gart drivers should call it at init time to avoid prefetching of
> cachelines in the next 2m page with different (writeback) cache
> attributes of the pages physically aliased in the gart and mapped with
> different cache attribute, that init stuff happening from interrupt
> sounds weird. Anyway I post the below patch too as an alternative to
> still allow pageattr from irq.
>
> With both patches the big dependency remains on __mmdrop not to run
> from irq. The alternative approach is to remove the page_table_lock
> from vmalloc_sync_all (which is only needed by Xen paravirt guest
> AFIK) and solve that problem in a different way, but I don't even know
> why they need it exactly, I tried not to impact that.
>
> ===
> Subject: fix pgd_lock deadlock
>
> From: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>
>
> It's forbidden to take the page_table_lock with the irq disabled or if there's
> contention the IPIs (for tlb flushes) sent with the page_table_lock held will
> never run leading to a deadlock.
>
> pageattr also seems to take advantage the pgd_lock to serialize
> split_large_page which isn't necessary so split it off to a separate spinlock
> (as a read_lock wouldn't enough to serialize split_large_page). Then we can use
> a read-write lock to allow pageattr to keep taking it from interrupts, but
> without having to always clear interrupts for readers. Writers are only safe
> from regular kernel context and they must clear irqs before taking it.
>
> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>
> ---
> arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h | 2 +-
> arch/x86/mm/fault.c | 23 ++++++++++++++++++-----
> arch/x86/mm/init_64.c | 6 +++---
> arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c | 17 ++++++++++-------
> arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c | 10 +++++-----
> arch/x86/xen/mmu.c | 10 ++++------
> 6 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
>
> --- a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
> @@ -179,7 +179,21 @@ force_sig_info_fault(int si_signo, int s
> force_sig_info(si_signo, &info, tsk);
> }
>
> -DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pgd_lock);
> +/*
> + * The pgd_lock only protects the pgd_list. It can be taken from
> + * interrupt context but only in read mode (there's no need to clear
> + * interrupts before taking it in read mode). Write mode can only be
> + * taken from regular kernel context (not from irqs) and it must
> + * disable irqs before taking it. This way it can still be taken in
> + * read mode from interrupt context (in case
> + * pageattr->split_large_page is ever called from interrupt context),
> + * but without forcing the pgd_list readers to clear interrupts before
> + * taking it (like vmalloc_sync_all() that then wants to take the
> + * page_table_lock while holding the pgd_lock, which can only be taken
> + * while irqs are left enabled to avoid deadlocking against the IPI
> + * delivery of an SMP TLB flush run with the page_table_lock hold).
> + */
> +DEFINE_RWLOCK(pgd_lock);
> LIST_HEAD(pgd_list);
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
> @@ -229,15 +243,14 @@ void vmalloc_sync_all(void)
> for (address = VMALLOC_START & PMD_MASK;
> address >= TASK_SIZE && address < FIXADDR_TOP;
> address += PMD_SIZE) {
> -
> - unsigned long flags;
> struct page *page;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_lock(&pgd_lock);
> list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
> spinlock_t *pgt_lock;
> pmd_t *ret;
>
> + /* the pgt_lock only for Xen */
> pgt_lock = &pgd_page_get_mm(page)->page_table_lock;
>
> spin_lock(pgt_lock);
> @@ -247,7 +260,7 @@ void vmalloc_sync_all(void)
> if (!ret)
> break;
> }
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_unlock(&pgd_lock);
> }
> }
>
> --- a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
> @@ -105,18 +105,18 @@ void sync_global_pgds(unsigned long star
>
> for (address = start; address <= end; address += PGDIR_SIZE) {
> const pgd_t *pgd_ref = pgd_offset_k(address);
> - unsigned long flags;
> struct page *page;
>
> if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref))
> continue;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_lock(&pgd_lock);
> list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
> pgd_t *pgd;
> spinlock_t *pgt_lock;
>
> pgd = (pgd_t *)page_address(page) + pgd_index(address);
> + /* the pgt_lock only for Xen */
> pgt_lock = &pgd_page_get_mm(page)->page_table_lock;
> spin_lock(pgt_lock);
>
> @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ void sync_global_pgds(unsigned long star
>
> spin_unlock(pgt_lock);
> }
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_unlock(&pgd_lock);
> }
> }
>
> --- a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
> @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ struct cpa_data {
> * splitting a large page entry along with changing the attribute.
> */
> static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cpa_lock);
> +static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pgattr_lock);
>
> #define CPA_FLUSHTLB 1
> #define CPA_ARRAY 2
> @@ -60,9 +61,9 @@ void update_page_count(int level, unsign
> unsigned long flags;
>
> /* Protect against CPA */
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + spin_lock_irqsave(&pgattr_lock, flags);
> direct_pages_count[level] += pages;
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgattr_lock, flags);
> }
>
> static void split_page_count(int level)
> @@ -376,6 +377,7 @@ static void __set_pmd_pte(pte_t *kpte, u
> if (!SHARED_KERNEL_PMD) {
> struct page *page;
>
> + read_lock(&pgd_lock);
> list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
> pgd_t *pgd;
> pud_t *pud;
> @@ -386,6 +388,7 @@ static void __set_pmd_pte(pte_t *kpte, u
> pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
> set_pte_atomic((pte_t *)pmd, pte);
> }
> + read_unlock(&pgd_lock);
> }
> #endif
> }
> @@ -403,7 +406,7 @@ try_preserve_large_page(pte_t *kpte, uns
> if (cpa->force_split)
> return 1;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + spin_lock_irqsave(&pgattr_lock, flags);
> /*
> * Check for races, another CPU might have split this page
> * up already:
> @@ -498,7 +501,7 @@ try_preserve_large_page(pte_t *kpte, uns
> }
>
> out_unlock:
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgattr_lock, flags);
>
> return do_split;
> }
> @@ -519,7 +522,7 @@ static int split_large_page(pte_t *kpte,
> if (!base)
> return -ENOMEM;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + spin_lock_irqsave(&pgattr_lock, flags);
> /*
> * Check for races, another CPU might have split this page
> * up for us already:
> @@ -587,11 +590,11 @@ static int split_large_page(pte_t *kpte,
> out_unlock:
> /*
> * If we dropped out via the lookup_address check under
> - * pgd_lock then stick the page back into the pool:
> + * pgattr_lock then stick the page back into the pool:
> */
> if (base)
> __free_page(base);
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgattr_lock, flags);
>
> return 0;
> }
> --- a/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c
> @@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ static void pgd_ctor(struct mm_struct *m
>
> static void pgd_dtor(pgd_t *pgd)
> {
> - unsigned long flags; /* can be called from interrupt context */
> + unsigned long flags;
>
> if (SHARED_KERNEL_PMD)
> return;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + write_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> pgd_list_del(pgd);
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + write_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> }
>
> /*
> @@ -280,12 +280,12 @@ pgd_t *pgd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm)
> * respect to anything walking the pgd_list, so that they
> * never see a partially populated pgd.
> */
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + write_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
>
> pgd_ctor(mm, pgd);
> pgd_prepopulate_pmd(mm, pgd, pmds);
>
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + write_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
>
> return pgd;
>
> --- a/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c
> @@ -986,10 +986,9 @@ static void xen_pgd_pin(struct mm_struct
> */
> void xen_mm_pin_all(void)
> {
> - unsigned long flags;
> struct page *page;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_lock(&pgd_lock);
>
> list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
> if (!PagePinned(page)) {
> @@ -998,7 +997,7 @@ void xen_mm_pin_all(void)
> }
> }
>
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_unlock(&pgd_lock);
> }
>
> /*
> @@ -1099,10 +1098,9 @@ static void xen_pgd_unpin(struct mm_stru
> */
> void xen_mm_unpin_all(void)
> {
> - unsigned long flags;
> struct page *page;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_lock(&pgd_lock);
>
> list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
> if (PageSavePinned(page)) {
> @@ -1112,7 +1110,7 @@ void xen_mm_unpin_all(void)
> }
> }
>
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
> + read_unlock(&pgd_lock);
> }
>
> void xen_activate_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next)
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
> @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
> extern unsigned long empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long)];
> #define ZERO_PAGE(vaddr) (virt_to_page(empty_zero_page))
>
> -extern spinlock_t pgd_lock;
> +extern rwlock_t pgd_lock;
> extern struct list_head pgd_list;
>
> extern struct mm_struct *pgd_page_get_mm(struct page *page);
> --
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