lists.openwall.net   lists  /  announce  owl-users  owl-dev  john-users  john-dev  passwdqc-users  yescrypt  popa3d-users  /  oss-security  kernel-hardening  musl  sabotage  tlsify  passwords  /  crypt-dev  xvendor  /  Bugtraq  Full-Disclosure  linux-kernel  linux-netdev  linux-ext4  linux-hardening  linux-cve-announce  PHC 
Open Source and information security mailing list archives
 
Hash Suite: Windows password security audit tool. GUI, reports in PDF.
[<prev] [next>] [thread-next>] [day] [month] [year] [list]
Date:	Mon,  2 May 2011 13:26:34 -0400
From:	Eric Paris <eparis@...hat.com>
To:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc:	Jesse Gross <jesse@...ira.com>,
	Dave Hansen <dave@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
	Eric Paris <eparis@...hat.com>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Subject: [PATCH] flex_array: avoid divisions when accessing elements

From: Jesse Gross <jesse@...ira.com>

On most architectures division is an expensive operation and accessing an
element currently requires four of them.  This performance penalty
effectively precludes flex arrays from being used on any kind of fast
path.  However, two of these divisions can be handled at creation time and
the others can be replaced by a reciprocal divide, completely avoiding
real divisions on access.

Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@...ira.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@...hat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
[rebase on top of changes to support 0 len elements: eparis]
[initialize part_nr when array fits entirely in base: eparis]
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@...hat.com>
---
 include/linux/flex_array.h |    2 +
 lib/flex_array.c           |   51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/flex_array.h b/include/linux/flex_array.h
index ebeb2f3..6843cf1 100644
--- a/include/linux/flex_array.h
+++ b/include/linux/flex_array.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ struct flex_array {
 		struct {
 			int element_size;
 			int total_nr_elements;
+			int elems_per_part;
+			u32 reciprocal_elems;
 			struct flex_array_part *parts[];
 		};
 		/*
diff --git a/lib/flex_array.c b/lib/flex_array.c
index cab7621..9b8b894 100644
--- a/lib/flex_array.c
+++ b/lib/flex_array.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
 
 struct flex_array_part {
 	char elements[FLEX_ARRAY_PART_SIZE];
@@ -70,15 +71,15 @@ static inline int elements_fit_in_base(struct flex_array *fa)
  * Element size | Objects | Objects |
  * PAGE_SIZE=4k |  32-bit |  64-bit |
  * ---------------------------------|
- *      1 bytes | 4186112 | 2093056 |
- *      2 bytes | 2093056 | 1046528 |
- *      3 bytes | 1395030 |  697515 |
- *      4 bytes | 1046528 |  523264 |
- *     32 bytes |  130816 |   65408 |
- *     33 bytes |  126728 |   63364 |
- *   2048 bytes |    2044 |    1022 |
- *   2049 bytes |    1022 |     511 |
- *       void * | 1046528 |  261632 |
+ *      1 bytes | 4177920 | 2088960 |
+ *      2 bytes | 2088960 | 1044480 |
+ *      3 bytes | 1392300 |  696150 |
+ *      4 bytes | 1044480 |  522240 |
+ *     32 bytes |  130560 |   65408 |
+ *     33 bytes |  126480 |   63240 |
+ *   2048 bytes |    2040 |    1020 |
+ *   2049 bytes |    1020 |     510 |
+ *       void * | 1044480 |  261120 |
  *
  * Since 64-bit pointers are twice the size, we lose half the
  * capacity in the base structure.  Also note that no effort is made
@@ -88,11 +89,15 @@ struct flex_array *flex_array_alloc(int element_size, unsigned int total,
 					gfp_t flags)
 {
 	struct flex_array *ret;
+	int elems_per_part = 0;
+	int reciprocal_elems = 0;
 	int max_size = 0;
 
-	if (element_size)
-		max_size = FLEX_ARRAY_NR_BASE_PTRS *
-			   FLEX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS_PER_PART(element_size);
+	if (element_size) {
+		elems_per_part = FLEX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS_PER_PART(element_size);
+		reciprocal_elems = reciprocal_value(elems_per_part);
+		max_size = FLEX_ARRAY_NR_BASE_PTRS * elems_per_part;
+	}
 
 	/* max_size will end up 0 if element_size > PAGE_SIZE */
 	if (total > max_size)
@@ -102,6 +107,8 @@ struct flex_array *flex_array_alloc(int element_size, unsigned int total,
 		return NULL;
 	ret->element_size = element_size;
 	ret->total_nr_elements = total;
+	ret->elems_per_part = elems_per_part;
+	ret->reciprocal_elems = reciprocal_elems;
 	if (elements_fit_in_base(ret) && !(flags & __GFP_ZERO))
 		memset(&ret->parts[0], FLEX_ARRAY_FREE,
 						FLEX_ARRAY_BASE_BYTES_LEFT);
@@ -112,7 +119,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(flex_array_alloc);
 static int fa_element_to_part_nr(struct flex_array *fa,
 					unsigned int element_nr)
 {
-	return element_nr / FLEX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS_PER_PART(fa->element_size);
+	return reciprocal_divide(element_nr, fa->reciprocal_elems);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -141,12 +148,12 @@ void flex_array_free(struct flex_array *fa)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(flex_array_free);
 
 static unsigned int index_inside_part(struct flex_array *fa,
-					unsigned int element_nr)
+					unsigned int element_nr,
+					unsigned int part_nr)
 {
 	unsigned int part_offset;
 
-	part_offset = element_nr %
-				FLEX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS_PER_PART(fa->element_size);
+	part_offset = element_nr - part_nr * fa->elems_per_part;
 	return part_offset * fa->element_size;
 }
 
@@ -186,7 +193,7 @@ __fa_get_part(struct flex_array *fa, int part_nr, gfp_t flags)
 int flex_array_put(struct flex_array *fa, unsigned int element_nr, void *src,
 			gfp_t flags)
 {
-	int part_nr;
+	int part_nr = 0;
 	struct flex_array_part *part;
 	void *dst;
 
@@ -202,7 +209,7 @@ int flex_array_put(struct flex_array *fa, unsigned int element_nr, void *src,
 		if (!part)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 	}
-	dst = &part->elements[index_inside_part(fa, element_nr)];
+	dst = &part->elements[index_inside_part(fa, element_nr, part_nr)];
 	memcpy(dst, src, fa->element_size);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -217,7 +224,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(flex_array_put);
  */
 int flex_array_clear(struct flex_array *fa, unsigned int element_nr)
 {
-	int part_nr;
+	int part_nr = 0;
 	struct flex_array_part *part;
 	void *dst;
 
@@ -233,7 +240,7 @@ int flex_array_clear(struct flex_array *fa, unsigned int element_nr)
 		if (!part)
 			return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	dst = &part->elements[index_inside_part(fa, element_nr)];
+	dst = &part->elements[index_inside_part(fa, element_nr, part_nr)];
 	memset(dst, FLEX_ARRAY_FREE, fa->element_size);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -302,7 +309,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(flex_array_prealloc);
  */
 void *flex_array_get(struct flex_array *fa, unsigned int element_nr)
 {
-	int part_nr;
+	int part_nr = 0;
 	struct flex_array_part *part;
 
 	if (!fa->element_size)
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@ void *flex_array_get(struct flex_array *fa, unsigned int element_nr)
 		if (!part)
 			return NULL;
 	}
-	return &part->elements[index_inside_part(fa, element_nr)];
+	return &part->elements[index_inside_part(fa, element_nr, part_nr)];
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(flex_array_get);
 
-- 
1.7.1

--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@...r.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

Powered by blists - more mailing lists

Powered by Openwall GNU/*/Linux Powered by OpenVZ