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Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2011 14:37:49 +0530
From: Maneesh Soni <manesoni@...co.com>
To: ralf@...ux-mips.org
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mips@...ux-mips.org,
ananth@...ibm.com, david.daney@...ium.com, kamensky@...co.com
Subject: [PATCH] MIPS Kprobes: Support branch instructions probing
From: Maneesh Soni <manesoni@...co.com>
This patch provides support for kprobes on branch instructions. The branch
instruction at the probed address is actually emulated and not executed
out-of-line like other normal instructions. Instead the delay-slot instruction
is copied and single stepped out of line.
At the time of probe hit, the original branch instruction is evaluated
and the target cp0_epc is computed similar to compute_retrun_epc(). It
is also checked if the delay slot instruction can be skipped, which is
true if there is a NOP in delay slot or branch is taken in case of
branch likely instructions. Once the delay slot instruction is single
stepped the normal execution resume with the cp0_epc updated the earlier
computed cp0_epc as per the branch instructions.
Signed-off-by: Maneesh Soni <manesoni@...co.com>
---
arch/mips/include/asm/kprobes.h | 7 +
arch/mips/kernel/kprobes.c | 341 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
2 files changed, 320 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/kprobes.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/kprobes.h
index e6ea4d4..c0a3e6f 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/kprobes.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/kprobes.h
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ struct prev_kprobe {
: MAX_JPROBES_STACK_SIZE)
+#define SKIP_DELAYSLOT 1
+
/* per-cpu kprobe control block */
struct kprobe_ctlblk {
unsigned long kprobe_status;
@@ -81,6 +83,11 @@ struct kprobe_ctlblk {
unsigned long kprobe_saved_SR;
unsigned long kprobe_saved_epc;
unsigned long jprobe_saved_sp;
+
+ /* Per-thread fields, used while emulating branches */
+ unsigned long flags;
+ unsigned long target_epc;
+
struct pt_regs jprobe_saved_regs;
u8 jprobes_stack[MAX_JPROBES_STACK_SIZE];
struct prev_kprobe prev_kprobe;
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/kprobes.c b/arch/mips/kernel/kprobes.c
index ee28683..0a4a61c 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/kprobes.c
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/kprobes.c
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
prev_insn = p->addr[-1];
insn = p->addr[0];
- if (insn_has_delayslot(insn) || insn_has_delayslot(prev_insn)) {
- pr_notice("Kprobes for branch and jump instructions are not supported\n");
+ if (insn_has_delayslot(prev_insn)) {
+ pr_notice("Kprobes for branch delayslot are not supported\n");
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
@@ -138,9 +138,20 @@ int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
* In the kprobe->ainsn.insn[] array we store the original
* instruction at index zero and a break trap instruction at
* index one.
+ *
+ * On MIPS arch if the instruction at probed address is a
+ * branch instruction, we need to execute the instruction at
+ * Branch Delayslot (BD) at the time of probe hit. As MIPS also
+ * doesn't have single stepping support, the BD instruction can
+ * not be executed in-line and it would be executed on SSOL slot
+ * using a normal breakpoint instruction in the next slot.
+ * So, read the instruction and save it for later execution.
*/
+ if (insn_has_delayslot(insn))
+ memcpy(&p->ainsn.insn[0], p->addr + 1, sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
+ else
+ memcpy(&p->ainsn.insn[0], p->addr, sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
- memcpy(&p->ainsn.insn[0], p->addr, sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
p->ainsn.insn[1] = breakpoint2_insn;
p->opcode = *p->addr;
@@ -191,16 +202,297 @@ static void set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
kcb->kprobe_saved_epc = regs->cp0_epc;
}
-static void prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+/*
+ * Borrowed heavily from arch/mips/kernel/branch.c:__compute_return_epc()
+ *
+ * Evaluate the branch instruction at probed address during probe hit. The
+ * result of evaluation would be the updated epc. The insturction in delayslot
+ * would actually be single stepped using a normal breakpoint) on SSOL slot.
+ *
+ * The result is also saved in the kprobe control block for later use,
+ * in case we need to execute the delayslot instruction. The latter will be
+ * false for NOP instruction in dealyslot and the branch-likely instructions
+ * when the branch is taken. And for those cases we set a flag as
+ * SKIP_DELAYSLOT in the kprobe control block
+ */
+static int evaluate_branch_instruction(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
+ union mips_instruction insn = p->opcode;
+ unsigned int dspcontrol;
+ long epc;
+
+ epc = regs->cp0_epc;
+ if (epc & 3)
+ goto unaligned;
+
+ if (p->ainsn.insn->word == 0)
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ else
+ kcb->flags &= ~SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+
+ switch (insn.i_format.opcode) {
+ /*
+ * jr and jalr are in r_format format.
+ */
+ case spec_op:
+ switch (insn.r_format.func) {
+ case jalr_op:
+ regs->regs[insn.r_format.rd] = epc + 8;
+
+ /* Fall through */
+ case jr_op:
+ regs->cp0_epc = regs->regs[insn.r_format.rs];
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ /*
+ * This group contains:
+ * bltz_op, bgez_op, bltzl_op, bgezl_op,
+ * bltzal_op, bgezal_op, bltzall_op, bgezall_op.
+ */
+ case bcond_op:
+ switch (insn.i_format.rt) {
+ case bltz_op:
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] < 0)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bltzl_op:
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] < 0) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bgez_op:
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] >= 0)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+ case bgezl_op:
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] >= 0) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bltzal_op:
+ regs->regs[31] = epc + 8;
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] < 0)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bltzall_op:
+ regs->regs[31] = epc + 8;
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] < 0) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bgezal_op:
+ regs->regs[31] = epc + 8;
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] >= 0)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bgezall_op:
+ regs->regs[31] = epc + 8;
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] >= 0) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bposge32_op:
+ if (!cpu_has_dsp)
+ goto sigill;
+
+ dspcontrol = rddsp(0x01);
+
+ if (dspcontrol >= 32)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ /*
+ * These are unconditional and in j_format.
+ */
+ case jal_op:
+ regs->regs[31] = regs->cp0_epc + 8;
+ case j_op:
+ epc += 4;
+ epc >>= 28;
+ epc <<= 28;
+ epc |= (insn.j_format.target << 2);
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ /*
+ * These are conditional and in i_format.
+ */
+ case beq_op:
+ if (regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] ==
+ regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt])
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case beql_op:
+ if (regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] ==
+ regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt]) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bne_op:
+ if (regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] !=
+ regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt])
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bnel_op:
+ if (regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] !=
+ regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt]) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case blez_op: /* not really i_format */
+ /* rt field assumed to be zero */
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] <= 0)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case blezl_op:
+ /* rt field assumed to be zero */
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] <= 0) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bgtz_op:
+ /* rt field assumed to be zero */
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] > 0)
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+
+ case bgtzl_op:
+ /* rt field assumed to be zero */
+ if ((long)regs->regs[insn.i_format.rs] > 0) {
+ epc = epc + 4 + (insn.i_format.simmediate << 2);
+ kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
+ } else
+ epc += 8;
+ regs->cp0_epc = epc;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ kcb->target_epc = regs->cp0_epc;
+
+ return 1;
+
+unaligned:
+ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: unaligned epc - sending SIGBUS.\n", current->comm);
+ force_sig(SIGBUS, current);
+ return -EFAULT;
+
+sigill:
+ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: DSP branch but not DSP ASE - sending SIGBUS.\n",
+ current->comm);
+ force_sig(SIGBUS, current);
+ return -EFAULT;
+
+}
+
+static void prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+
regs->cp0_status &= ~ST0_IE;
/* single step inline if the instruction is a break */
if (p->opcode.word == breakpoint_insn.word ||
p->opcode.word == breakpoint2_insn.word)
regs->cp0_epc = (unsigned long)p->addr;
- else
- regs->cp0_epc = (unsigned long)&p->ainsn.insn[0];
+ else if (insn_has_delayslot(p->opcode)) {
+ ret = evaluate_branch_instruction(p, regs, kcb);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "Kprobes: Error evaluating branch\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ regs->cp0_epc = (unsigned long)&p->ainsn.insn[0];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the
+ * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "break 0"
+ * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
+ * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
+ * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this
+ * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
+ *
+ * This function prepares to return from the post-single-step
+ * breakpoint trap. In case of branch instructions, the target
+ * epc to be restored.
+ */
+static void __kprobes resume_execution(struct kprobe *p,
+ struct pt_regs *regs,
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
+{
+ if (insn_has_delayslot(p->opcode))
+ regs->cp0_epc = kcb->target_epc;
+ else {
+ unsigned long orig_epc = kcb->kprobe_saved_epc;
+ regs->cp0_epc = orig_epc + 4;
+ }
}
static int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
@@ -239,8 +531,13 @@ static int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
- prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
+ prepare_singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
+ if (kcb->flags & SKIP_DELAYSLOT) {
+ resume_execution(p, regs, kcb);
+ restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
+ preempt_enable_no_resched();
+ }
return 1;
} else {
if (addr->word != breakpoint_insn.word) {
@@ -284,8 +581,15 @@ static int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
}
ss_probe:
- prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
- kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
+ prepare_singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
+ if (kcb->flags & SKIP_DELAYSLOT) {
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
+ if (p->post_handler)
+ p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
+ resume_execution(p, regs, kcb);
+ } else
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
+
return 1;
no_kprobe:
@@ -294,25 +598,6 @@ no_kprobe:
}
-/*
- * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the
- * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "break 0"
- * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
- * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
- * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this
- * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
- *
- * This function prepares to return from the post-single-step
- * breakpoint trap.
- */
-static void __kprobes resume_execution(struct kprobe *p,
- struct pt_regs *regs,
- struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
-{
- unsigned long orig_epc = kcb->kprobe_saved_epc;
- regs->cp0_epc = orig_epc + 4;
-}
-
static inline int post_kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
--
1.7.1
--
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