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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2012 17:20:10 +0900
From: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>
To: pjt@...gle.com
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>,
Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@...ibm.com>,
Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
Venki Pallipadi <venki@...gle.com>,
Ben Segall <bsegall@...gle.com>,
Mike Galbraith <efault@....de>,
Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@...aro.org>,
Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
Morten Rasmussen <Morten.Rasmussen@....com>,
"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Subject: Re: [patch 01/16] sched: track the runnable average on a per-task entitiy basis
Hi,
Just typos below..
On Thu, 23 Aug 2012 07:14:23 -0700, > From: Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>
>
> Instead of tracking averaging the load parented by a cfs_rq, we can track
> entity load directly. With the load for a given cfs_rq then being the sum of
> its children.
>
> To do this we represent the historical contribution to runnable average within each
> trailing 1024us of execution as the coefficients of a geometric series.
>
> We can express this for a given task t as:
> runnable_sum(t) = \Sum u_i * y^i, runnable_avg_period(t) = \Sum 1024 * y^i
> load(t) = weight_t * runnable_sum(t) / runnable_avg_period(t)
>
> Where: u_i is the usage in the last i`th 1024us period (approximately 1ms) ~ms
> and y is chosen such that y^k = 1/2. We currently choose k to be 32 which
> roughly translates to about a sched period.
>
> Signed-off-by: Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>
> Reviewed-by: Ben Segall <bsegall@...gle.com>
> ---
> include/linux/sched.h | 13 +++++
> kernel/sched/core.c | 5 ++
> kernel/sched/debug.c | 4 ++
> kernel/sched/fair.c | 128 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 4 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
> index f3eebc1..f553da9 100644
> --- a/include/linux/sched.h
> +++ b/include/linux/sched.h
> @@ -1139,6 +1139,16 @@ struct load_weight {
> unsigned long weight, inv_weight;
> };
>
> +struct sched_avg {
> + /*
> + * These sums represent an infinite geometric series and so are bound
> + * above by 1024/(1-y). Thus we only need a u32 to store them for for all
> + * choices of y < 1-2^(-32)*1024.
> + */
> + u32 runnable_avg_sum, runnable_avg_period;
> + u64 last_runnable_update;
> +};
> +
> #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
> struct sched_statistics {
> u64 wait_start;
> @@ -1199,6 +1209,9 @@ struct sched_entity {
> /* rq "owned" by this entity/group: */
> struct cfs_rq *my_q;
> #endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> + struct sched_avg avg;
> +#endif
> };
>
> struct sched_rt_entity {
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
> index 78d9c96..fcc3cad 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/core.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
> @@ -1556,6 +1556,11 @@ static void __sched_fork(struct task_struct *p)
> p->se.vruntime = 0;
> INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->se.group_node);
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> + p->se.avg.runnable_avg_period = 0;
> + p->se.avg.runnable_avg_sum = 0;
> +#endif
> +
> #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
> memset(&p->se.statistics, 0, sizeof(p->se.statistics));
> #endif
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/debug.c b/kernel/sched/debug.c
> index 6f79596..61f7097 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/debug.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/debug.c
> @@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ static void print_cfs_group_stats(struct seq_file *m, int cpu, struct task_group
> P(se->statistics.wait_count);
> #endif
> P(se->load.weight);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> + P(se->avg.runnable_avg_sum);
> + P(se->avg.runnable_avg_period);
> +#endif
> #undef PN
> #undef P
> }
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> index 01d3eda..2c53263 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> @@ -971,6 +971,125 @@ static inline void update_entity_shares_tick(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq)
> }
> #endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> +/*
> + * Approximate:
> + * val * y^n, where y^32 ~= 0.5 (~1 scheduling period)
> + */
> +static __always_inline u64 decay_load(u64 val, u64 n)
> +{
> + for (; n && val; n--) {
> + val *= 4008;
> + val >>= 12;
> + }
> +
> + return val;
> +}
> +
> +/* We can represent the historical contribution to runnable average as the
> + * coefficients of a geometric series. To do this we sub-divide our runnable
> + * history into segments of approximately 1ms (1024us); label the segment that
> + * occurred N-ms ago p_N, with p_0 corresponding to the current period, e.g.
> + *
> + * [<- 1024us ->|<- 1024us ->|<- 1024us ->| ...
> + * p0 p1 p1
Should it be p2 ?
> + * (now) (~1ms ago) (~2ms ago)
> + *
> + * Let u_i denote the fraction of p_i that the entity was runnable.
> + *
> + * We then designate the fractions u_i as our co-efficients, yielding the
> + * following representation of historical load:
> + * u_0 + u_1*y + u_2*y^2 + u_3*y^3 + ...
> + *
> + * We choose y based on the with of a reasonably scheduling period, fixing:
> + * y^32 = 0.5
> + *
> + * This means that the contribution to load ~32ms ago (u_32) will be weighted
> + * approximately half as much as the contribution to load within the last ms
> + * (u_0).
> + *
> + * When a period "rolls over" and we have new u_0`, multiplying the previous
> + * sum again by y is sufficient to update:
> + * load_avg = u_0` + y*(u_0 + u_1*y + u_2*y^2 + ... )
> + * = u_0 + u_1*y + u_2*y^2 + ... [re-labeling u_i --> u_{i+1]
s/u_{i+1]/u_{i+1}]/
Thanks,
Namhyung
> + */
> +static __always_inline int __update_entity_runnable_avg(u64 now,
> + struct sched_avg *sa,
> + int runnable)
> +{
> + u64 delta;
> + int delta_w, decayed = 0;
> +
> + delta = now - sa->last_runnable_update;
> + /*
> + * This should only happen when time goes backwards, which it
> + * unfortunately does during sched clock init when we swap over to TSC.
> + */
> + if ((s64)delta < 0) {
> + sa->last_runnable_update = now;
> + return 0;
> + }
> +
> + /*
> + * Use 1024ns as the unit of measurement since it's a reasonable
> + * approximation of 1us and fast to compute.
> + */
> + delta >>= 10;
> + if (!delta)
> + return 0;
> + sa->last_runnable_update = now;
> +
> + /* delta_w is the amount already accumulated against our next period */
> + delta_w = sa->runnable_avg_period % 1024;
> + if (delta + delta_w >= 1024) {
> + /* period roll-over */
> + decayed = 1;
> +
> + /*
> + * Now that we know we're crossing a period boundary, figure
> + * out how much from delta we need to complete the current
> + * period and accrue it.
> + */
> + delta_w = 1024 - delta_w;
> + BUG_ON(delta_w > delta);
> + do {
> + if (runnable)
> + sa->runnable_avg_sum += delta_w;
> + sa->runnable_avg_period += delta_w;
> +
> + /*
> + * Remainder of delta initiates a new period, roll over
> + * the previous.
> + */
> + sa->runnable_avg_sum =
> + decay_load(sa->runnable_avg_sum, 1);
> + sa->runnable_avg_period =
> + decay_load(sa->runnable_avg_period, 1);
> +
> + delta -= delta_w;
> + /* New period is empty */
> + delta_w = 1024;
> + } while (delta >= 1024);
> + }
> +
> + /* Remainder of delta accrued against u_0` */
> + if (runnable)
> + sa->runnable_avg_sum += delta;
> + sa->runnable_avg_period += delta;
> +
> + return decayed;
> +}
> +
> +/* Update a sched_entity's runnable average */
> +static inline void update_entity_load_avg(struct sched_entity *se)
> +{
> + __update_entity_runnable_avg(rq_of(cfs_rq_of(se))->clock_task, &se->avg,
> + se->on_rq);
> +}
> +#else
> +static inline void update_entity_load_avg(struct sched_entity *se) {}
> +#endif
> +
> static void enqueue_sleeper(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se)
> {
> #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
> @@ -1097,6 +1216,7 @@ enqueue_entity(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se, int flags)
> */
> update_curr(cfs_rq);
> update_cfs_load(cfs_rq, 0);
> + update_entity_load_avg(se);
> account_entity_enqueue(cfs_rq, se);
> update_cfs_shares(cfs_rq);
>
> @@ -1171,6 +1291,7 @@ dequeue_entity(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se, int flags)
> * Update run-time statistics of the 'current'.
> */
> update_curr(cfs_rq);
> + update_entity_load_avg(se);
>
> update_stats_dequeue(cfs_rq, se);
> if (flags & DEQUEUE_SLEEP) {
> @@ -1340,6 +1461,8 @@ static void put_prev_entity(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *prev)
> update_stats_wait_start(cfs_rq, prev);
> /* Put 'current' back into the tree. */
> __enqueue_entity(cfs_rq, prev);
> + /* in !on_rq case, update occurred at dequeue */
> + update_entity_load_avg(prev);
> }
> cfs_rq->curr = NULL;
> }
> @@ -1353,6 +1476,11 @@ entity_tick(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *curr, int queued)
> update_curr(cfs_rq);
>
> /*
> + * Ensure that runnable average is periodically updated.
> + */
> + update_entity_load_avg(curr);
> +
> + /*
> * Update share accounting for long-running entities.
> */
> update_entity_shares_tick(cfs_rq);
--
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