Date:	Sun, 26 Aug 2012 10:55:58 +0300
From:	"Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@...hat.com>
To:	Rafael Aquini <aquini@...hat.com>
Cc:	linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	virtualization@...ts.linux-foundation.org,
	Rusty Russell <rusty@...tcorp.com.au>,
	Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>, Mel Gorman <mel@....ul.ie>,
	Andi Kleen <andi@...stfloor.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@...cle.com>,
	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v9 1/5] mm: introduce a common interface for balloon
 pages mobility

On Sat, Aug 25, 2012 at 02:24:56AM -0300, Rafael Aquini wrote:
> Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
> the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest,
> thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of
> transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
> 
> This patch introduces a common interface to help a balloon driver on
> making its page set movable to compaction, and thus allowing the system
> to better leverage the compation efforts on memory defragmentation.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@...hat.com>

Tons of rcu uses but not sync in sight. This looks suspicious.

> ---
>  include/linux/balloon_compaction.h | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  include/linux/pagemap.h            |  18 ++++
>  mm/Kconfig                         |  15 ++++
>  mm/Makefile                        |   2 +-
>  mm/balloon_compaction.c            | 172 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 343 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>  create mode 100644 include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
>  create mode 100644 mm/balloon_compaction.c
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/balloon_compaction.h b/include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..7afb0ae
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
> +/*
> + * include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
> + *
> + * Common interface definitions for making balloon pages movable to compaction.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2012, Red Hat, Inc.  Rafael Aquini <aquini@...hat.com>
> + */
> +#ifndef _LINUX_BALLOON_COMPACTION_H
> +#define _LINUX_BALLOON_COMPACTION_H
> +#ifdef __KERNEL__

We don't need ifdef __KERNEL__ - it's only useful
for headers exported to userspace. This one isn't.

> +
> +#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
> +#include <linux/pagemap.h>
> +#include <linux/gfp.h>
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION
> +#define count_balloon_event(e)	count_vm_event(e)
> +extern bool isolate_balloon_page(struct page *);
> +extern void putback_balloon_page(struct page *);
> +extern int migrate_balloon_page(struct page *newpage,
> +				struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode);
> +
> +static inline gfp_t balloon_mapping_gfp_mask(void)
> +{
> +	return GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * movable_balloon_page - test page->mapping->flags to identify balloon pages
> + *			  that can be moved by compaction/migration.
> + *
> + * This function is used at core compaction's page isolation scheme and so it's
> + * exposed to several system pages which may, or may not, be part of a memory
> + * balloon, and thus we cannot afford to hold a page locked to perform tests.
> + *
> + * Therefore, as we might return false positives in the case a balloon page
> + * is just released under us, the page->mapping->flags need to be retested
> + * with the proper page lock held, on the functions that will cope with the
> + * balloon page later.
> + */
> +static inline bool movable_balloon_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * Before dereferencing and testing mapping->flags, lets make sure
> +	 * this is not a page that uses ->mapping in a different way
> +	 */
> +	if (!PageSlab(page) && !PageSwapCache(page) &&
> +	    !PageAnon(page) && !page_mapped(page)) {
> +		/*
> +		 * While doing compaction core work, we cannot afford to hold
> +		 * page lock as it might cause very undesirable side effects.
> +		 */
> +		struct address_space *mapping;
> +		mapping = rcu_dereference_raw(page->mapping);
> +		if (mapping)
> +			return mapping_balloon(mapping);
> +	}
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * __page_balloon_device - return the balloon device owing the page.

owning?

> + *
> + * This shall only be used at driver callbacks under proper page lock,
> + * to get access to the balloon device structure that owns @page.
> + */
> +static inline void *__page_balloon_device(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
> +	mapping = rcu_dereference_protected(page->mapping, PageLocked(page));
> +	if (mapping)
> +		mapping = mapping->assoc_mapping;
> +	return (void *)mapping;

Never cast pointers to void *.

> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * DEFINE_BALLOON_MAPPING_AOPS - declare and instantiate a callback descriptor
> + *				 to be used as balloon page->mapping->a_ops.
> + *
> + * @label     : declaration identifier (var name)
> + * @isolatepg : callback symbol name for performing the page isolation step
> + * @migratepg : callback symbol name for performing the page migration step
> + * @putbackpg : callback symbol name for performing the page putback step
> + *
> + * address_space_operations utilized methods for ballooned pages:
> + *   .migratepage    - used to perform balloon's page migration (as is)
> + *   .invalidatepage - used to isolate a page from balloon's page list
> + *   .freepage       - used to reinsert an isolated page to balloon's page list
> + */
> +#define DEFINE_BALLOON_MAPPING_AOPS(label, isolatepg, migratepg, putbackpg) \
> +	const struct address_space_operations (label) = {		    \
> +		.migratepage    = (migratepg),				    \
> +		.invalidatepage = (isolatepg),				    \
> +		.freepage       = (putbackpg),				    \
> +	}
> +
> +#else
> +#define count_balloon_event(e)	do { } while (0)
> +static inline bool movable_balloon_page(struct page *page) { return false; }
> +static inline bool isolate_balloon_page(struct page *page) { return false; }
> +static inline void putback_balloon_page(struct page *page) { return; }
> +
> +static inline int migrate_balloon_page(struct page *newpage,
> +				struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
> +{
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline gfp_t balloon_mapping_gfp_mask(void)
> +{
> +	return GFP_HIGHUSER;
> +}
> +
> +#define DEFINE_BALLOON_MAPPING_AOPS(label, migratepg, isolatepg, putbackpg) \
> +	const struct address_space_operations *(label) = NULL

Looks like the result can't be passed to alloc_balloon_mapping
anyway. Did you test-build with compaction off?

I would suggest adding free_balloon_mapping
and making both it and alloc_balloon_mapping
empty macros, or in case of alloc_balloon_mapping,
macro returning err_ptr(-EOPNOTSUPP).

This can then become

+	const struct {} (label) = {}

?

> +
> +#endif /* CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION */
> +
> +/* return code to identify when a ballooned page has been migrated */
> +#define BALLOON_MIGRATION_RETURN	0xba1100
> +
> +extern struct address_space *alloc_balloon_mapping(void *balloon_device,
> +				const struct address_space_operations *a_ops);
> +
> +static inline void assign_balloon_mapping(struct page *page,
> +					  struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	rcu_assign_pointer(page->mapping, mapping);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void clear_balloon_mapping(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	rcu_assign_pointer(page->mapping, NULL);
> +}
> +
> +#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> +#endif /* _LINUX_BALLOON_COMPACTION_H */
> diff --git a/include/linux/pagemap.h b/include/linux/pagemap.h
> index e42c762..6df0664 100644
> --- a/include/linux/pagemap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/pagemap.h
> @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ enum mapping_flags {
>  	AS_ENOSPC	= __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 1,	/* ENOSPC on async write */
>  	AS_MM_ALL_LOCKS	= __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 2,	/* under mm_take_all_locks() */
>  	AS_UNEVICTABLE	= __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 3,	/* e.g., ramdisk, SHM_LOCK */
> +	AS_BALLOON_MAP  = __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 4, /* balloon page special map */
>  };
>  
>  static inline void mapping_set_error(struct address_space *mapping, int error)
> @@ -53,6 +54,23 @@ static inline int mapping_unevictable(struct address_space *mapping)
>  	return !!mapping;
>  }
>  
> +static inline void mapping_set_balloon(struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	set_bit(AS_BALLOON_MAP, &mapping->flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mapping_clear_balloon(struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	clear_bit(AS_BALLOON_MAP, &mapping->flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int mapping_balloon(struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	if (mapping)
> +		return test_bit(AS_BALLOON_MAP, &mapping->flags);
> +	return !!mapping;
> +}
> +
>  static inline gfp_t mapping_gfp_mask(struct address_space * mapping)
>  {
>  	return (__force gfp_t)mapping->flags & __GFP_BITS_MASK;
> diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
> index d5c8019..0bd783b 100644
> --- a/mm/Kconfig
> +++ b/mm/Kconfig
> @@ -188,6 +188,21 @@ config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
>  	default "4"
>  
>  #
> +# support for memory balloon compaction
> +config BALLOON_COMPACTION
> +	bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
> +	select COMPACTION
> +	depends on VIRTIO_BALLOON
> +	help
> +	  Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
> +	  significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
> +	  used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
> +	  with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
> +	  by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
> +	  pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
> +	  scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
> +
> +#
>  # support for memory compaction
>  config COMPACTION
>  	bool "Allow for memory compaction"
> diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> index 92753e2..78d8caa 100644
> --- a/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/mm/Makefile
> @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ obj-y			:= filemap.o mempool.o oom_kill.o fadvise.o \
>  			   readahead.o swap.o truncate.o vmscan.o shmem.o \
>  			   prio_tree.o util.o mmzone.o vmstat.o backing-dev.o \
>  			   mm_init.o mmu_context.o percpu.o slab_common.o \
> -			   compaction.o $(mmu-y)
> +			   compaction.o balloon_compaction.o $(mmu-y)
>  
>  obj-y += init-mm.o
>  
> diff --git a/mm/balloon_compaction.c b/mm/balloon_compaction.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..86a3692
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/mm/balloon_compaction.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
> +/*
> + * mm/balloon_compaction.c
> + *
> + * Common interface for making balloon pages movable to compaction.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2012, Red Hat, Inc.  Rafael Aquini <aquini@...hat.com>
> + */
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/export.h>
> +#include <linux/balloon_compaction.h>
> +
> +/*
> + * alloc_balloon_mapping - allocates a special ->mapping for ballooned pages.
> + * @balloon_device: pointer address that references the balloon device which
> + *                 owns pages bearing this ->mapping.
> + * @a_ops: balloon_mapping address_space_operations descriptor.
> + *
> + * Users must call it to properly allocate and initialize an instance of
> + * struct address_space which will be used as the special page->mapping for
> + * balloon devices enlisted page instances.
> + */
> +struct address_space *alloc_balloon_mapping(void *balloon_device,
> +				const struct address_space_operations *a_ops)
> +{
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
> +
> +	mapping = kmalloc(sizeof(*mapping), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!mapping)
> +		return NULL;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Give a clean 'zeroed' status to all elements of this special
> +	 * balloon page->mapping struct address_space instance.
> +	 */
> +	address_space_init_once(mapping);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Set mapping->flags appropriately, to allow balloon ->mapping
> +	 * identification, as well as give a proper hint to the balloon
> +	 * driver on what GFP allocation mask shall be used.
> +	 */
> +	mapping_set_balloon(mapping);
> +	mapping_set_gfp_mask(mapping, balloon_mapping_gfp_mask());
> +
> +	/* balloon's page->mapping->a_ops callback descriptor */
> +	mapping->a_ops = a_ops;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * balloon special page->mapping overloads ->assoc_mapping
> +	 * to held a reference back to the balloon device wich 'owns'
> +	 * a given page. This is the way we can cope with multiple
> +	 * balloon devices without losing reference of several
> +	 * ballooned pagesets.
> +	 */
> +	mapping->assoc_mapping = balloon_device;
> +
> +	return mapping;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_balloon_mapping);
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION
> +
> +static inline bool __is_movable_balloon_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
> +
> +	mapping = rcu_dereference_protected(page->mapping, PageLocked(page));
> +	if (mapping)
> +		return mapping_balloon(mapping);
> +
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void __isolate_balloon_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	page->mapping->a_ops->invalidatepage(page, 0);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void __putback_balloon_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	page->mapping->a_ops->freepage(page);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int __migrate_balloon_page(struct address_space *mapping,
> +		struct page *newpage, struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
> +{
> +	return page->mapping->a_ops->migratepage(mapping, newpage, page, mode);
> +}
> +
> +/* __isolate_lru_page() counterpart for a ballooned page */
> +bool isolate_balloon_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	if (likely(get_page_unless_zero(page))) {
> +		/*
> +		 * As balloon pages are not isolated from LRU lists, concurrent
> +		 * compaction threads can race against page migration functions
> +		 * move_to_new_page() & __unmap_and_move().
> +		 * In order to avoid having an already isolated balloon page
> +		 * being (wrongly) re-isolated while it is under migration,
> +		 * lets be sure we have the page lock before proceeding with
> +		 * the balloon page isolation steps.
> +		 */
> +		if (likely(trylock_page(page))) {
> +			/*
> +			 * A ballooned page, by default, has just one refcount.
> +			 * Prevent concurrent compaction threads from isolating
> +			 * an already isolated balloon page by refcount check.
> +			 */
> +			if (__is_movable_balloon_page(page) &&
> +			    (page_count(page) == 2)) {
> +				__isolate_balloon_page(page);
> +				unlock_page(page);
> +				return true;
> +			} else if (unlikely(!__is_movable_balloon_page(page))) {
> +				dump_page(page);
> +				__WARN();
> +			}
> +			unlock_page(page);
> +		}
> +		/*
> +		 * The page is either under migration, or it's isolated already
> +		 * Drop the refcount taken for it.
> +		 */
> +		put_page(page);
> +	}
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +/* putback_lru_page() counterpart for a ballooned page */
> +void putback_balloon_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * 'lock_page()' stabilizes the page and prevents races against
> +	 * concurrent isolation threads attempting to re-isolate it.
> +	 */
> +	lock_page(page);
> +
> +	if (__is_movable_balloon_page(page)) {
> +		__putback_balloon_page(page);
> +		put_page(page);
> +	} else {
> +		dump_page(page);
> +		__WARN();
> +	}
> +	unlock_page(page);
> +}
> +
> +/* move_to_new_page() counterpart for a ballooned page */
> +int migrate_balloon_page(struct page *newpage,
> +			 struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
> +{
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
> +	int rc = -EAGAIN;
> +
> +	BUG_ON(!trylock_page(newpage));
> +
> +	if (WARN_ON(!__is_movable_balloon_page(page))) {
> +		dump_page(page);
> +		unlock_page(newpage);
> +		return rc;
> +	}
> +
> +	mapping = rcu_dereference_protected(page->mapping, PageLocked(page));
> +	if (mapping)
> +		rc = __migrate_balloon_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode);
> +
> +	unlock_page(newpage);
> +	return rc;
> +}
> +
> +#endif /* CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION */
> -- 
> 1.7.11.4
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