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Date: Wed, 26 Dec 2012 16:19:24 +0800
From: Li Zhong <zhong@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Alessio Igor Bogani <abogani@...nel.org>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Avi Kivity <avi@...hat.com>,
Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@...era.com>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
Geoff Levand <geoff@...radead.org>,
Gilad Ben Yossef <gilad@...yossef.com>,
Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@...il.com>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@...driver.com>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 02/24] cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime
accounting
On Thu, 2012-12-20 at 19:32 +0100, Frederic Weisbecker wrote:
> If we want to stop the tick further idle, we need to be
> able to account the cputime without using the tick.
>
> Virtual based cputime accounting solves that problem by
> hooking into kernel/user boundaries.
>
> However implementing CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING require
> to set low level hooks and involves more overhead. But
> we already have a generic context tracking subsystem
> that is required for RCU needs by archs which will want to
> shut down the tick outside idle.
>
> This patch implements a generic virtual based cputime
> accounting that relies on these generic kernel/user hooks.
>
> There are some upsides of doing this:
>
> - This requires no arch code to implement CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
> if context tracking is already built (already necessary for RCU in full
> tickless mode).
>
> - We can rely on the generic context tracking subsystem to dynamically
> (de)activate the hooks, so that we can switch anytime between virtual
> and tick based accounting. This way we don't have the overhead
> of the virtual accounting when the tick is running periodically.
>
> And a few downsides:
>
> - It relies on jiffies and the hooks are set in high level code. This
> results in less precise cputime accounting than with a true native
> virtual based cputime accounting which hooks on low level code and use
> a cpu hardware clock. Precision is not the goal of this though.
>
> - There is probably more overhead than a native virtual based cputime
> accounting. But this relies on hooks that are already set anyway.
>
> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>
> Cc: Alessio Igor Bogani <abogani@...nel.org>
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@...hat.com>
> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@...era.com>
> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>
> Cc: Geoff Levand <geoff@...radead.org>
> Cc: Gilad Ben Yossef <gilad@...yossef.com>
> Cc: Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@...il.com>
> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@...driver.com>
> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
> ---
> include/linux/context_tracking.h | 28 +++++++++++
> include/linux/vtime.h | 4 ++
> init/Kconfig | 11 ++++-
> kernel/context_tracking.c | 22 ++-------
> kernel/sched/cputime.c | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> 5 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/context_tracking.h b/include/linux/context_tracking.h
> index e24339c..9f33fbc 100644
> --- a/include/linux/context_tracking.h
> +++ b/include/linux/context_tracking.h
> @@ -3,12 +3,40 @@
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING
> #include <linux/sched.h>
> +#include <linux/percpu.h>
> +
> +struct context_tracking {
> + /*
> + * When active is false, hooks are unset in order
> + * to minimize overhead: TIF flags are cleared
> + * and calls to user_enter/exit are ignored. This
> + * may be further optimized using static keys.
> + */
> + bool active;
> + enum {
> + IN_KERNEL = 0,
> + IN_USER,
> + } state;
> +};
> +
> +DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct context_tracking, context_tracking);
> +
> +static inline bool context_tracking_in_user(void)
> +{
> + return __this_cpu_read(context_tracking.state) == IN_USER;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool context_tracking_active(void)
> +{
> + return __this_cpu_read(context_tracking.active);
> +}
>
> extern void user_enter(void);
> extern void user_exit(void);
> extern void context_tracking_task_switch(struct task_struct *prev,
> struct task_struct *next);
> #else
> +static inline bool context_tracking_in_user(void) { return false; }
> static inline void user_enter(void) { }
> static inline void user_exit(void) { }
> static inline void context_tracking_task_switch(struct task_struct *prev,
> diff --git a/include/linux/vtime.h b/include/linux/vtime.h
> index ae30ab5..58392aa 100644
> --- a/include/linux/vtime.h
> +++ b/include/linux/vtime.h
> @@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ static inline void vtime_account_system_irqsafe(struct task_struct *tsk) { }
> static inline void vtime_account(struct task_struct *tsk) { }
> #endif
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
> +static inline void arch_vtime_task_switch(struct task_struct *tsk) { }
> +#endif
> +
> #ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
> extern void irqtime_account_irq(struct task_struct *tsk);
> #else
> diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
> index 60579d6..a64b3e8 100644
> --- a/init/Kconfig
> +++ b/init/Kconfig
> @@ -340,7 +340,9 @@ config TICK_CPU_ACCOUNTING
>
> config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
> bool "Deterministic task and CPU time accounting"
> - depends on HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
> + depends on HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING || HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING
> + select VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN if !HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
> + default y if PPC64
I saw
"init/Kconfig:346:warning: defaults for choice values not supported"
on this line. So maybe we don't need it. And we already have
"default VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING if PPC64"
Thanks, Zhong
> help
> Select this option to enable more accurate task and CPU time
> accounting. This is done by reading a CPU counter on each
> @@ -363,6 +365,13 @@ config IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
>
> endchoice
>
> +config VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
> + select CONTEXT_TRACKING
> + bool
> + help
> + Implement a generic virtual based cputime accounting by using
> + the context tracking subsystem.
> +
> config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
> bool "BSD Process Accounting"
> help
> diff --git a/kernel/context_tracking.c b/kernel/context_tracking.c
> index 9f6c38f..ca1e073 100644
> --- a/kernel/context_tracking.c
> +++ b/kernel/context_tracking.c
> @@ -17,24 +17,10 @@
> #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
> #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
> #include <linux/sched.h>
> -#include <linux/percpu.h>
> #include <linux/hardirq.h>
>
> -struct context_tracking {
> - /*
> - * When active is false, hooks are unset in order
> - * to minimize overhead: TIF flags are cleared
> - * and calls to user_enter/exit are ignored. This
> - * may be further optimized using static keys.
> - */
> - bool active;
> - enum {
> - IN_KERNEL = 0,
> - IN_USER,
> - } state;
> -};
>
> -static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct context_tracking, context_tracking) = {
> +DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct context_tracking, context_tracking) = {
> #ifdef CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING_FORCE
> .active = true,
> #endif
> @@ -70,7 +56,7 @@ void user_enter(void)
> local_irq_save(flags);
> if (__this_cpu_read(context_tracking.active) &&
> __this_cpu_read(context_tracking.state) != IN_USER) {
> - __this_cpu_write(context_tracking.state, IN_USER);
> + vtime_account_system(current);
> /*
> * At this stage, only low level arch entry code remains and
> * then we'll run in userspace. We can assume there won't be
> @@ -79,6 +65,7 @@ void user_enter(void)
> * on the tick.
> */
> rcu_user_enter();
> + __this_cpu_write(context_tracking.state, IN_USER);
> }
> local_irq_restore(flags);
> }
> @@ -104,12 +91,13 @@ void user_exit(void)
>
> local_irq_save(flags);
> if (__this_cpu_read(context_tracking.state) == IN_USER) {
> - __this_cpu_write(context_tracking.state, IN_KERNEL);
> /*
> * We are going to run code that may use RCU. Inform
> * RCU core about that (ie: we may need the tick again).
> */
> rcu_user_exit();
> + vtime_account_user(current);
> + __this_cpu_write(context_tracking.state, IN_KERNEL);
> }
> local_irq_restore(flags);
> }
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/cputime.c b/kernel/sched/cputime.c
> index 293b202..da0a9e7 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/cputime.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/cputime.c
> @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
> #include <linux/tsacct_kern.h>
> #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
> #include <linux/static_key.h>
> +#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
> #include "sched.h"
>
>
> @@ -495,10 +496,24 @@ void vtime_task_switch(struct task_struct *prev)
> #ifndef __ARCH_HAS_VTIME_ACCOUNT
> void vtime_account(struct task_struct *tsk)
> {
> - if (in_interrupt() || !is_idle_task(tsk))
> - vtime_account_system(tsk);
> - else
> - vtime_account_idle(tsk);
> + if (!in_interrupt()) {
> + /*
> + * If we interrupted user, context_tracking_in_user()
> + * is 1 because the context tracking don't hook
> + * on irq entry/exit. This way we know if
> + * we need to flush user time on kernel entry.
> + */
> + if (context_tracking_in_user()) {
> + vtime_account_user(tsk);
> + return;
> + }
> +
> + if (is_idle_task(tsk)) {
> + vtime_account_idle(tsk);
> + return;
> + }
> + }
> + vtime_account_system(tsk);
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vtime_account);
> #endif /* __ARCH_HAS_VTIME_ACCOUNT */
> @@ -586,4 +601,72 @@ void thread_group_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime
> thread_group_cputime(p, &cputime);
> cputime_adjust(&cputime, &p->signal->prev_cputime, ut, st);
> }
> -#endif
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, last_jiffies) = INITIAL_JIFFIES;
> +
> +static cputime_t get_vtime_delta(void)
> +{
> + long delta;
> +
> + delta = jiffies - __this_cpu_read(last_jiffies);
> + __this_cpu_add(last_jiffies, delta);
> +
> + return jiffies_to_cputime(delta);
> +}
> +
> +void vtime_account_system(struct task_struct *tsk)
> +{
> + cputime_t delta_cpu = get_vtime_delta();
> +
> + account_system_time(tsk, irq_count(), delta_cpu, cputime_to_scaled(delta_cpu));
> +}
> +
> +void vtime_account_user(struct task_struct *tsk)
> +{
> + cputime_t delta_cpu = get_vtime_delta();
> +
> + /*
> + * This is an unfortunate hack: if we flush user time only on
> + * irq entry, we miss the jiffies update and the time is spuriously
> + * accounted to system time.
> + */
> + if (context_tracking_in_user())
> + account_user_time(tsk, delta_cpu, cputime_to_scaled(delta_cpu));
> +}
> +
> +void vtime_account_idle(struct task_struct *tsk)
> +{
> + cputime_t delta_cpu = get_vtime_delta();
> +
> + account_idle_time(delta_cpu);
> +}
> +
> +static int __cpuinit vtime_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
> + unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
> +{
> + long cpu = (long)hcpu;
> + long *last_jiffies_cpu = per_cpu_ptr(&last_jiffies, cpu);
> +
> + switch (action) {
> + case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
> + case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
> + /*
> + * CHECKME: ensure that's visible by the CPU
> + * once it wakes up
> + */
> + *last_jiffies_cpu = jiffies;
> + default:
> + break;
> + }
> +
> + return NOTIFY_OK;
> +}
> +
> +static int __init init_vtime(void)
> +{
> + cpu_notifier(vtime_cpu_notify, 0);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +early_initcall(init_vtime);
> +#endif /* CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN */
--
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