Date:	Mon, 11 Feb 2013 18:01:26 -0800 (PST)
From:	dormando <dormando@...ia.net>
To:	Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>
cc:	Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@...otime.net>,
	Satoru Moriya <smoriya@...hat.com>,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
	lwoodman@...hat.com, Seiji Aguchi <saguchi@...hat.com>,
	akpm@...ux-foundation.org, hughd@...gle.com
Subject: extra free kbytes tunable

Hi,

As discussed in this thread:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=131490523222031&w=2
(with this cleanup as well: https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/9/2/225)

A tunable was proposed to allow specifying the distance between pages_min
and the low watermark before kswapd is kicked in to free up pages. I'd
like to re-open this thread since the patch did not appear to go anywhere.

We have a server workload wherein machines with 100G+ of "free" memory
(used by page cache), scattered but frequent random io reads from 12+
SSD's, and 5gbps+ of internet traffic, will frequently hit direct reclaim
in a few different ways.

1) It'll run into small amounts of reclaim randomly (a few hundred
thousand).

2) A burst of reads or traffic can cause extra pressure, which kswapd
occasionally responds to by freeing up 40g+ of the pagecache all at once
(!) while pausing the system (Argh).

3) A blip in an upstream provider or failover from a peer causes the
kernel to allocate massive amounts of memory for retransmission
queues/etc, potentially along with buffered IO reads and (some, but not
often a ton) of new allocations from an application. This paired with 2)
can cause the box to stall for 15+ seconds.

We're seeing this more in 3.4/3.5/3.6, saw it less in 2.6.38. Mass
reclaims are more common in newer kernels, but reclaims still happen in
all kernels without raising min_free_kbytes dramatically.

I've found that setting "lowmem_reserve_ratio" to something like "1 1 32"
(thus protecting the DMA32 zone) causes 2) to happen less often, and is
generally less violent with 1).

Setting min_free_kbytes to 15G or more, paired with the above, has been
the best at mitigating the issue. This is simply trying to raise the
distance between the min and low watermarks. With min_free_kbytes set to
15000000, that gives us a whopping 1.8G (!!!) of leeway before slamming
into direct reclaim.

So, this patch is unfortunate but wonderful at letting us reclaim 10G+ of
otherwise lost memory. Could we please revisit it?

I saw a lot of discussion on doing this automatically, or making kswapd
more efficient to it, and I'd love to do that. Beyond making kswapd
psychic I haven't seen any better options yet.

The issue is more complex than simply having an application warn of an
impending allocation, since this can happen via read load on disk or from
kernel page allocations for the network, or a combination of the two (or
three, if you add the app back in).

It's going to get worse as we push machines with faster SSD's and bigger
networks. I'm open to any ideas on how to make kswapd more efficient in
our case, or really anything at all that works.

I have more details, but cut it down as much as I could for this mail.

Thanks,
-Dormando
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