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Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2013 13:17:39 +0200
From: Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>
To: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@...el.com>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
Matthew Wilcox <willy@...ux.intel.com>,
"Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>,
Hillf Danton <dhillf@...il.com>, Dave Hansen <dave@...1.net>,
Ning Qu <quning@...gle.com>, linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 01/23] radix-tree: implement preload for multiple
contiguous elements
On Sun 04-08-13 05:17:03, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote:
> From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
>
> The radix tree is variable-height, so an insert operation not only has
> to build the branch to its corresponding item, it also has to build the
> branch to existing items if the size has to be increased (by
> radix_tree_extend).
>
> The worst case is a zero height tree with just a single item at index 0,
> and then inserting an item at index ULONG_MAX. This requires 2 new branches
> of RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH size to be created, with only the root node shared.
>
> Radix tree is usually protected by spin lock. It means we want to
> pre-allocate required memory before taking the lock.
>
> Currently radix_tree_preload() only guarantees enough nodes to insert
> one element. It's a hard limit. For transparent huge page cache we want
> to insert HPAGE_PMD_NR (512 on x86-64) entries to address_space at once.
>
> This patch introduces radix_tree_preload_count(). It allows to
> preallocate nodes enough to insert a number of *contiguous* elements.
> The feature costs about 5KiB per-CPU, details below.
>
> Worst case for adding N contiguous items is adding entries at indexes
> (ULONG_MAX - N) to ULONG_MAX. It requires nodes to insert single worst-case
> item plus extra nodes if you cross the boundary from one node to the next.
>
> Preload uses per-CPU array to store nodes. The total cost of preload is
> "array size" * sizeof(void*) * NR_CPUS. We want to increase array size
> to be able to handle 512 entries at once.
>
> Size of array depends on system bitness and on RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT.
>
> We have three possible RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT:
>
> #ifdef __KERNEL__
> #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 4 : 6)
> #else
> #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT 3 /* For more stressful testing */
> #endif
>
> On 64-bit system:
> For RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=3, old array size is 43, new is 107.
> For RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=4, old array size is 31, new is 63.
> For RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=6, old array size is 21, new is 30.
>
> On 32-bit system:
> For RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=3, old array size is 21, new is 84.
> For RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=4, old array size is 15, new is 46.
> For RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=6, old array size is 11, new is 19.
>
> On most machines we will have RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT=6. In this case,
> on 64-bit system the per-CPU feature overhead is
> for preload array:
> (30 - 21) * sizeof(void*) = 72 bytes
> plus, if the preload array is full
> (30 - 21) * sizeof(struct radix_tree_node) = 9 * 560 = 5040 bytes
> total: 5112 bytes
>
> on 32-bit system the per-CPU feature overhead is
> for preload array:
> (19 - 11) * sizeof(void*) = 32 bytes
> plus, if the preload array is full
> (19 - 11) * sizeof(struct radix_tree_node) = 8 * 296 = 2368 bytes
> total: 2400 bytes
>
> Since only THP uses batched preload at the moment, we disable (set max
> preload to 1) it if !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PAGECACHE. This can be
> changed in the future.
>
> Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@...ux.intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>
> ---
> include/linux/radix-tree.h | 11 +++++++++++
> lib/radix-tree.c | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
> 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
...
> diff --git a/lib/radix-tree.c b/lib/radix-tree.c
> index 7811ed3..99ab73c 100644
> --- a/lib/radix-tree.c
> +++ b/lib/radix-tree.c
> @@ -82,16 +82,24 @@ static struct kmem_cache *radix_tree_node_cachep;
> * The worst case is a zero height tree with just a single item at index 0,
> * and then inserting an item at index ULONG_MAX. This requires 2 new branches
> * of RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH size to be created, with only the root node shared.
> + *
> + * Worst case for adding N contiguous items is adding entries at indexes
> + * (ULONG_MAX - N) to ULONG_MAX. It requires nodes to insert single worst-case
> + * item plus extra nodes if you cross the boundary from one node to the next.
> + *
> * Hence:
> */
> -#define RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE (RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
> +#define RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_MIN (RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
> +#define RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_MAX \
> + (RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_MIN + \
> + DIV_ROUND_UP(RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_NR - 1, RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE))
Umm, is this really correct? I see two problems:
1) You may need internal tree nodes at various levels but you seem to
account only for the level 1.
2) The rounding doesn't seem right because RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE+2 nodes may
require 3 nodes at level 1 if the indexes are like:
i_0 | i_1 .. i_{RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE} | i_{RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE+1}
^ ^
node boundary node boundary
Otherwise the patch looks good.
Honza
--
Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>
SUSE Labs, CR
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