Date:	Wed, 14 May 2014 15:11:00 -0400
From:	Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@...driver.com>
To:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC:	<linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-rt-users@...r.kernel.org>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] sched/rt: don't try to balance rt_runtime when it is
 futile

[Added Frederic to Cc: since we are now talking nohz stuff]

[Re: [PATCH] sched/rt: don't try to balance rt_runtime when it is futile] On 14/05/2014 (Wed 08:44) Paul E. McKenney wrote:

> On Wed, May 14, 2014 at 11:08:35AM -0400, Paul Gortmaker wrote:
> > As of the old commit ac086bc22997a2be24fc40fc8d46522fe7e03d11
> > ("sched: rt-group: smp balancing") the concept of borrowing per
> > cpu rt_runtime from one core to another was introduced.
> > 
> > However, this prevents the RT throttling message from ever being
> > emitted when someone does a common (but mistaken) attempt at
> > using too much CPU in RT context.  Consider the following test:
> > 
> >   echo "main() {for(;;);}" > full_load.c
> >   gcc full_load.c -o full_load
> >   taskset -c 1 ./full_load &
> >   chrt -r -p 80 `pidof full_load`
> > 
> > When run on x86_64 defconfig, what happens is as follows:
> > 
> > -task runs on core1 for 95% of an rt_period as documented in
> >  the file Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt
> > 
> > -at 95%, the code in balance_runtime sees this threshold and
> >  calls do_balance_runtime()
> > 
> > -do_balance_runtime sees that core 1 is in need, and does this:
> > 	---------------
> >         if (rt_rq->rt_runtime + diff > rt_period)
> >                 diff = rt_period - rt_rq->rt_runtime;
> >         iter->rt_runtime -= diff;
> >         rt_rq->rt_runtime += diff;
> > 	---------------
> >  which extends core1's rt_runtime by 5%, making it 100% of rt_period
> >  by stealing 5% from core0 (or possibly some other core).
> > 
> > However, the next time core1's rt_rq enters sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(),
> > we hit this near the top of that function:
> > 	---------------
> >         if (runtime >= sched_rt_period(rt_rq))
> >                 return 0;
> > 	---------------
> > and hence we'll _never_ look at/set any of the throttling checks and
> > messages in sched_rt_runtime_exceeded().  Instead, we will happily
> > plod along for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT seconds, at which point
> > the RCU subsystem will get angry and trigger an NMI in response to
> > what it rightly sees as a WTF situation.
> 
> In theory, one way of making RCU OK with an RT usermode CPU hog is to
> build with Frederic's CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y.  This will cause RCU to see
> CPUs having a single runnable usermode task as idle, preventing the RCU
> CPU stall warning.  This does work well for mainline kernel in the lab.

Agreed; wanting to test that locally for myself meant moving to a more
modern machine, as the older PentiumD doesn't support NO_HZ_FULL.  But
on the newer box (dual socket six cores in each) I found the stall
harder to trigger w/o going back to using the threadirqs boot arg as
used in the earlier lkml post referenced below. (Why?  Not sure...)

Once I did that though (boot vanilla linux-next with threadirqs) I
confirmed what you said; i.e. that we would reliably get a stall with
the defconfig of NOHZ_IDLE=y but not with NOHZ_FULL=y (and hence also
RCU_USER_QS=y).

> 
> In practice, not sure how much testing CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y has received
> for -rt kernels in production environments.
> 
> But leaving practice aside for the moment...
> 

[...]

> > diff --git a/kernel/sched/rt.c b/kernel/sched/rt.c
> > index ea4d500..698aac9 100644
> > --- a/kernel/sched/rt.c
> > +++ b/kernel/sched/rt.c
> > @@ -774,6 +774,15 @@ static int balance_runtime(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
> >  	if (!sched_feat(RT_RUNTIME_SHARE))
> >  		return more;
> > 
> > +	/*
> > +	 * Stealing from another core won't help us at all if
> > +	 * we have nothing to migrate over there, or only one
> > +	 * task that is running up all the rt_time.  In fact it
> > +	 * will just inhibit the throttling message in that case.
> > +	 */
> > +	if (!rt_rq->rt_nr_migratory || rt_rq->rt_nr_total == 1)
> 
> How about something like the following to take NO_HZ_FULL into account?
> 
> +	if ((!rt_rq->rt_nr_migratory || rt_rq->rt_nr_total == 1) &&
> +	    !tick_nohz_full_cpu(cpu))

Yes, I think special casing nohz_full can make sense, but maybe not
exactly here in balance_runtime?  Since the underlying reasoning doesn't
change on nohz_full ; if only one task is present, or nothing can
migrate, then the call to do_balance_runtime is largely useless - we'll
walk possibly all cpus in search of an rt_rq to steal from, and what we
steal, we can't use - so we've artificially crippled the other rt_rq for
nothing other than to artifically inflate our rt_runtime and thus allow
100% usage.

Given that, perhaps a separate change to sched_rt_runtime_exceeded()
that works out the CPU from the rt_rq, and returns zero if it is a
nohz_full cpu?  Does that make sense?  Then the nohz_full people won't
get the throttling message even if they go 100%.

Paul.
--

> 
> 							Thanx, Paul
> 
> > +		return more;
> > +
> >  	if (rt_rq->rt_time > rt_rq->rt_runtime) {
> >  		raw_spin_unlock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
> >  		more = do_balance_runtime(rt_rq);
> > -- 
> > 1.8.2.3
> > 
> 
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