linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] vmalloc: use rcu list iterator to reduce vmap_area

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Date:	Fri, 30 May 2014 09:43:50 +0900
From:	Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>
To:	Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@...il.com>
Cc:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei.yes@...il.com>,
	Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
	Andi Kleen <andi@...stfloor.org>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Richard Yao <ryao@...too.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] vmalloc: use rcu list iterator to reduce vmap_area_lock
 contention

On Thu, May 29, 2014 at 02:23:08PM -0700, Eric Dumazet wrote:
> On Thu, 2014-05-29 at 13:05 -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> > On Thu, 29 May 2014 15:22:34 +0900 Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com> wrote:
> > 
> > > Richard Yao reported a month ago that his system have a trouble
> > > with vmap_area_lock contention during performance analysis
> > > by /proc/meminfo. Andrew asked why his analysis checks /proc/meminfo
> > > stressfully, but he didn't answer it.
> > > 
> > > https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/10/416
> > > 
> > > Although I'm not sure that this is right usage or not, there is a solution
> > > reducing vmap_area_lock contention with no side-effect. That is just
> > > to use rcu list iterator in get_vmalloc_info(). This function only needs
> > > values on vmap_area structure, so we don't need to grab a spinlock.
> > 
> > The mixture of rcu protection and spinlock protection for
> > vmap_area_list is pretty confusing.  Are you able to describe the
> > overall design here?  When and why do we use one versus the other?
> 
> The spinlock protects writers.
> 
> rcu can be used in this function because all RCU protocol is already
> respected by writers, since Nick Piggin commit db64fe02258f1507e13fe5
> ("mm: rewrite vmap layer") back in linux-2.6.28
> 
> Specifically :
>    insertions use list_add_rcu(), 
>    deletions use list_del_rcu() and kfree_rcu().
> 
> Note the rb tree is not used from rcu reader (it would not be safe),
> only the vmap_area_list has full RCU protection.
> 
> Note that __purge_vmap_area_lazy() already uses this rcu protection.
> 
>         rcu_read_lock();
>         list_for_each_entry_rcu(va, &vmap_area_list, list) {
>                 if (va->flags & VM_LAZY_FREE) {
>                         if (va->va_start < *start)
>                                 *start = va->va_start;
>                         if (va->va_end > *end)
>                                 *end = va->va_end;
>                         nr += (va->va_end - va->va_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
>                         list_add_tail(&va->purge_list, &valist);
>                         va->flags |= VM_LAZY_FREEING;
>                         va->flags &= ~VM_LAZY_FREE;
>                 }
>         }
>         rcu_read_unlock();
> 

Thanks Eric.
I will add more.

Although it is really complicated, I try to demonstrate overall design
how I understood.

There are five things we have to know, vm_struct structure, vmap_area
structure, rbtree rooted from vmap_area_root, vmap_area_list
and vmap_area_lock.

vmap_area is main structure representing virtual address range for this area.
vm_struct is the structure to keep information about mapped pages or phys_addr
for this vmap_area.
rbtree is used for finding target area or vacant area rapidly and is protected
by vmap_area_lock on all insert/remove/find operations.

vmap_area_list links the vmap_area in ascending order in virtaul address.
Manipulation of this list is protected by vmap_area_lock and RCU. When we
insert/remove vmap_area, we need to hold the vmap_area_lock so no concurrent
user can insert/remove different vmap_area. And when insert/remove, we use
list_add_rcu() and list_del_rcu(), so we can iterate the vmap_area_list safely
if we hold rcu_read_lock().

Another things vmap_area_lock is protecting are va->vm, that is, pointer to
vm_struct and VM_VM_AREA value on vmap_area's flag. We set/unset these values
with holding the vmap_area_lock to serialize access to this values. So when
we need to access these values, we should hold the lock.

In conclusion, get_vmalloc_info() needs to iterate vmap_area_list, but,
it doesn't access va->vm so we don't need to grab the vmap_area_lock.

Thanks.
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