Date:	Thu, 28 Aug 2014 11:52:39 +0900
From:	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
To:	Dan Streetman <ddstreet@...e.org>
Cc:	Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>,
	David Horner <ds2horner@...il.com>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
	linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@...il.com>,
	Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@...hat.com>, juno.choi@....com,
	seungho1.park@....com, Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@...gle.com>,
	Nitin Gupta <ngupta@...are.org>,
	Seth Jennings <sjennings@...iantweb.net>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 3/4] zram: zram memory size limitation

Hello,

On Wed, Aug 27, 2014 at 10:03:45AM -0400, Dan Streetman wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 26, 2014 at 10:51 PM, Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org> wrote:
> > Hey Joonsoo,
> >
> > On Wed, Aug 27, 2014 at 10:26:11AM +0900, Joonsoo Kim wrote:
> >> Hello, Minchan and David.
> >>
> >> On Tue, Aug 26, 2014 at 08:22:29AM -0400, David Horner wrote:
> >> > On Tue, Aug 26, 2014 at 3:55 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org> wrote:
> >> > > Hey Joonsoo,
> >> > >
> >> > > On Tue, Aug 26, 2014 at 04:37:30PM +0900, Joonsoo Kim wrote:
> >> > >> On Mon, Aug 25, 2014 at 09:05:55AM +0900, Minchan Kim wrote:
> >> > >> > @@ -513,6 +540,14 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
> >> > >> >             ret = -ENOMEM;
> >> > >> >             goto out;
> >> > >> >     }
> >> > >> > +
> >> > >> > +   if (zram->limit_pages &&
> >> > >> > +           zs_get_total_pages(meta->mem_pool) > zram->limit_pages) {
> >> > >> > +           zs_free(meta->mem_pool, handle);
> >> > >> > +           ret = -ENOMEM;
> >> > >> > +           goto out;
> >> > >> > +   }
> >> > >> > +
> >> > >> >     cmem = zs_map_object(meta->mem_pool, handle, ZS_MM_WO);
> >> > >>
> >> > >> Hello,
> >> > >>
> >> > >> I don't follow up previous discussion, so I could be wrong.
> >> > >> Why this enforcement should be here?
> >> > >>
> >> > >> I think that this has two problems.
> >> > >> 1) alloc/free happens unnecessarilly if we have used memory over the
> >> > >> limitation.
> >> > >
> >> > > True but firstly, I implemented the logic in zsmalloc, not zram but
> >> > > as I described in cover-letter, it's not a requirement of zsmalloc
> >> > > but zram so it should be in there. If every user want it in future,
> >> > > then we could move the function into zsmalloc. That's what we
> >> > > concluded in previous discussion.
> >>
> >> Hmm...
> >> Problem is that we can't avoid these unnecessary overhead in this
> >> implementation. If we can implement this feature in zram efficiently,
> >> it's okay. But, I think that current form isn't.
> >
> >
> > If we can add it in zsmalloc, it would be more clean and efficient
> > for zram but as I said, at the moment, I didn't want to put zram's
> > requirement into zsmalloc because to me, it's weird to enforce max
> > limit to allocator. It's client's role, I think.
> >
> > If current implementation is expensive and rather hard to follow,
> > It would be one reason to move the feature into zsmalloc but
> > I don't think it makes critical trobule in zram usecase.
> > See below.
> >
> > But I still open and will wait others's opinion.
> > If other guys think zsmalloc is better place, I am willing to move
> > it into zsmalloc.
> 
> Moving it into zsmalloc would allow rejecting new zsmallocs before
> actually crossing the limit, since it can calculate that internally.
> However, with the current patches the limit will only be briefly
> crossed, and it should not be crossed by a large amount.  Now, if this
> is happening repeatedly and quickly during extreme memory pressure,
> the constant alloc/free will clearly be worse than a simple internal
> calculation and failure.  But would it ever happen repeatedly once the
> zram limit is reached?

Right. it depends on user.
If user writes continuously without any action to cover the situation
once the limit is over, it would be terrible but what I meant *terrible*
doesn't mean alloc/free cost. Actually, zsmalloc/zsfree cost is really
cheaper comparing to other mm reclaim, swap, vfs, fs, block layer's one.

What I meant *terrible* is slower system caused by swapout failure
on system but it try to reclaim anonymous pages continuously.

> 
> Now that I'm thinking about the limit from the perspective of the zram
> user, I wonder what really will happen.  If zram is being used for
> swap space, then when swap starts getting errors trying to write
> pages, how damaging will that be to the system?  I haven't checked
> what swap does when it encounters disk errors.  Of course, with no
> zram limit, continually writing to zram until memory is totally
> consumed isn't good either.  But in any case, I would hope that swap
> would not repeatedly hammer on a disk when it's getting write failures
> from it.

Good point. Actually, it's my next step.
Curretly, VM doesn't handle congestion for anonymous page while it is
doing something for file-backed pages(but actually, it's really basic
stuff at this moment) so we could improve it with several ways.
I'm looking at it now.

> 
> Alternately, if zram was being used as a compressed ram disk for
> regular file storage, it's entirely up to the application to handle
> write failures, so it may continue to try to write to a full zram
> disk.
> 
> As far as what the zsmalloc api would look like with the limit added,
> it would need a setter and getter function (adding it as a param to
> the create function would be optional i think).  But more importantly,
> it would need to handle multiple ways of specifying the limit.  In our
> specific current use cases, zram and zswap, each handles their
> internal limit differently - zswap currently uses a % of total ram as
> its limit (defaulting to 20), while with these patches zram will use a
> specific number of bytes as its limit (defaulting to no limit).  If
> the limiting mechanism is moved into zsmalloc (and possibly zbud),
> then either both users need to use the same units (bytes or %ram), or
> zsmalloc/zbud need to be able to set their limit in either units.  It
> seems to me like keeping the limit in zram/zswap is currently
> preferable, at least without both using the same limit units.

Acutally, I didn't thought memory-hotplug for zswap.
Thanks for point it out, Dan.
I agree with you.

Thanks!

> 
> 
> >
> >>
> >> > >
> >> > > Another idea is we could call zs_get_total_pages right before zs_malloc
> >> > > but the problem is we cannot know how many of pages are allocated
> >> > > by zsmalloc in advance.
> >> > > IOW, zram should be blind on zsmalloc's internal.
> >> > >
> >> >
> >> > We did however suggest that we could check before hand to see if
> >> > max was already exceeded as an optimization.
> >> > (possibly with a guess on usage but at least using the minimum of 1 page)
> >> > In the contested case, the max may already be exceeded transiently and
> >> > therefore we know this one _could_ fail (it could also pass, but odds
> >> > aren't good).
> >> > As Minchan mentions this was discussed before - but not into great detail.
> >> > Testing should be done to determine possible benefit. And as he also
> >> > mentions, the better place for it may be in zsmalloc, but that
> >> > requires an ABI change.
> >>
> >> Why we hesitate to change zsmalloc API? It is in-kernel API and there
> >> are just two users now, zswap and zram. We can change it easily.
> >> I think that we just need following simple API change in zsmalloc.c.
> >>
> >> zs_zpool_create(gfp_t gfp, struct zpool_ops *zpool_op)
> >> =>
> >> zs_zpool_create(unsigned long limit, gfp_t gfp, struct zpool_ops
> >> *zpool_op)
> >>
> >> It's pool allocator so there is no obstacle for us to limit maximum
> >> memory usage in zsmalloc. It's a natural idea to limit memory usage
> >> for pool allocator.
> >>
> >> > Certainly a detailed suggestion could happen on this thread and I'm
> >> > also interested
> >> > in your thoughts, but this patchset should be able to go in as is.
> >> > Memory exhaustion avoidance probably trumps the possible thrashing at
> >> > threshold.
> >> >
> >> > > About alloc/free cost once if it is over the limit,
> >> > > I don't think it's important to consider.
> >> > > Do you have any scenario in your mind to consider alloc/free cost
> >> > > when the limit is over?
> >> > >
> >> > >> 2) Even if this request doesn't do new allocation, it could be failed
> >> > >> due to other's allocation. There is time gap between allocation and
> >> > >> free, so legimate user who want to use preallocated zsmalloc memory
> >> > >> could also see this condition true and then he will be failed.
> >> > >
> >> > > Yeb, we already discussed that. :)
> >> > > Such false positive shouldn't be a severe problem if we can keep a
> >> > > promise that zram user cannot exceed mem_limit.
> >> > >
> >>
> >> If we can keep such a promise, why we need to limit memory usage?
> >> I guess that this limit feature is useful for user who can't keep such promise.
> >> So, we should assume that this false positive happens frequently.
> >
> >
> > The goal is to limit memory usage within some threshold.
> > so false positive shouldn't be harmful unless it exceeds the threshold.
> > In addition, If such false positive happens frequently, it means
> > zram is very trobule so that user would see lots of write fail
> > message, sometime really slow system if zram is used for swap.
> > If we protect just one write from the race, how much does it help
> > this situation? I don't think it's critical problem.
> >
> >>
> >> > And we cannot avoid the race, nor can we avoid in a low overhead competitive
> >> > concurrent process transient inconsistent states.
> >> > Different views for different observers.
> >> >  They are a consequence of the theory of "Special Computational Relativity".
> >> >  I am working on a String Unification Theory of Quantum and General CR in LISP.
> >> >  ;-)
> >>
> >> If we move limit logic to zsmalloc, we can avoid the race by commiting
> >> needed memory size before actual allocation attempt. This commiting makes
> >> concurrent process serialized so there is no race here. There is
> >> possibilty to fail to allocate, but I think this is better than alloc
> >> and free blindlessly depending on inconsistent states.
> >
> > Normally, zsmalloc/zsfree allocates object from existing pool so
> > it's not big overhead and if someone continue to try writing  once limit is
> > full, another overhead (vfs, fs, block) would be bigger than zsmalloc
> > so it's not a problem, I think.
> >
> >>
> >> Thanks.
> >>
> >> --
> >> To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
> >> the body to majordomo@...ck.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
> >> see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
> >> Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@...ck.org"> email@...ck.org </a>
> >
> > --
> > Kind regards,
> > Minchan Kim
> 
> --
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> see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
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-- 
Kind regards,
Minchan Kim
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