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Date: Fri, 30 Jan 2015 23:41:56 +0900
From: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
To: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@...il.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@...il.com>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>, Nitin Gupta <ngupta@...are.org>,
Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@...hat.com>,
Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@...il.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 2/2] zram: remove init_lock in zram_make_request
Hello, Sergey
On Thu, Jan 29, 2015 at 04:08:35PM +0900, Sergey Senozhatsky wrote:
> On (01/29/15 15:35), Minchan Kim wrote:
> >
> > As you told, the data was not stable.
> >
> yes. fread test was always slower, and the rest was mostly slower.
>
>
> > Anyway, when I read down_read implementation, it's one atomic instruction.
> > Hmm, it seems te be better for srcu_read_lock which does more things.
> >
> srcu looks havier, agree.
ffffffff8172c350 <down_read>:
ffffffff8172c350: e8 7b 3f 00 00 callq ffffffff817302d0 <__fentry__>
ffffffff8172c355: 55 push %rbp
ffffffff8172c356: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
ffffffff8172c359: 53 push %rbx
ffffffff8172c35a: 48 89 fb mov %rdi,%rbx
ffffffff8172c35d: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp
ffffffff8172c361: e8 9a e0 ff ff callq ffffffff8172a400 <_cond_resched>
ffffffff8172c366: 48 89 d8 mov %rbx,%rax
ffffffff8172c369: f0 48 ff 00 lock incq (%rax)
ffffffff8172c36d: 79 05 jns ffffffff8172c374 <down_read+0x24>
ffffffff8172c36f: e8 5c e7 c4 ff callq ffffffff8137aad0 <call_rwsem_down_read_failed>
ffffffff8172c374: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp
ffffffff8172c378: 5b pop %rbx
ffffffff8172c379: 5d pop %rbp
ffffffff8172c37a: c3 retq
ffffffff810eeec0 <__srcu_read_lock>:
ffffffff810eeec0: e8 0b 14 64 00 callq ffffffff817302d0 <__fentry__>
ffffffff810eeec5: 48 8b 07 mov (%rdi),%rax
ffffffff810eeec8: 55 push %rbp
ffffffff810eeec9: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
ffffffff810eeecc: 83 e0 01 and $0x1,%eax
ffffffff810eeecf: 48 63 d0 movslq %eax,%rdx
ffffffff810eeed2: 48 8b 4f 08 mov 0x8(%rdi),%rcx
ffffffff810eeed6: 65 48 ff 04 d1 incq %gs:(%rcx,%rdx,8)
ffffffff810eeedb: 0f ae f0 mfence
ffffffff810eeede: 48 83 c2 02 add $0x2,%rdx
ffffffff810eeee2: 48 8b 4f 08 mov 0x8(%rdi),%rcx
ffffffff810eeee6: 65 48 ff 04 d1 incq %gs:(%rcx,%rdx,8)
ffffffff810eeeeb: 5d pop %rbp
ffffffff810eeeec: c3 retq
Yes, __srcu_read_lock is a little bit heavier but the number of instruction
are not too much difference to make difference 10%. A culprit is
__cond_resched but I don't think, either because our test was CPU intensive
soS I don't think schedule latency affects total bandwidth.
More cuprit is your data pattern.
It seems you didn't use scramble_buffers=0, zero_buffers in fio so that
fio fills random data pattern so zram bandwidth could be different by
compression/decompression ratio.
I did test your fio script adding above options with my 4 CPU real machine
(NOTE, ubuntu fio is old so that it doesn't work well above two options
so I should update fio recently which solves it perfectly)
Another thing about fio is it seems loops option works with write test
with overwrite=1 options while read test doesn't work so that I should
use perf stat -r options to verify stdev.
In addition, I passed first test to remove noise as creating files
and increased testsize as 1G from 400m
1) randread
= vanilla =
Performance counter stats for 'fio test-fio-randread.txt' (10 runs):
4713.879241 task-clock (msec) # 3.160 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.62% )
1,131 context-switches # 0.240 K/sec ( +- 2.83% )
23 cpu-migrations # 0.005 K/sec ( +- 4.40% )
15,767 page-faults # 0.003 M/sec ( +- 0.03% )
15,134,497,088 cycles # 3.211 GHz ( +- 0.15% ) [83.36%]
10,763,665,604 stalled-cycles-frontend # 71.12% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.22% ) [83.34%]
6,896,294,076 stalled-cycles-backend # 45.57% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.29% ) [66.67%]
9,898,608,791 instructions # 0.65 insns per cycle
# 1.09 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.07% ) [83.33%]
1,852,167,485 branches # 392.918 M/sec ( +- 0.07% ) [83.34%]
14,864,143 branch-misses # 0.80% of all branches ( +- 0.16% ) [83.34%]
1.491813361 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.62% )
= srcu =
Performance counter stats for 'fio test-fio-randread.txt' (10 runs):
4752.790715 task-clock (msec) # 3.166 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.48% )
1,179 context-switches # 0.248 K/sec ( +- 1.56% )
26 cpu-migrations # 0.005 K/sec ( +- 3.91% )
15,764 page-faults # 0.003 M/sec ( +- 0.02% )
15,263,869,915 cycles # 3.212 GHz ( +- 0.25% ) [83.32%]
10,935,658,177 stalled-cycles-frontend # 71.64% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.38% ) [83.33%]
7,067,290,320 stalled-cycles-backend # 46.30% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.46% ) [66.64%]
9,896,513,423 instructions # 0.65 insns per cycle
# 1.11 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.07% ) [83.33%]
1,847,612,285 branches # 388.743 M/sec ( +- 0.07% ) [83.38%]
14,814,815 branch-misses # 0.80% of all branches ( +- 0.24% ) [83.37%]
1.501284082 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.50% )
srcu is worse as 0.63% but the difference is really marginal.
2) randwrite
= vanilla =
Performance counter stats for 'fio test-fio-randwrite.txt' (10 runs):
6283.823490 task-clock (msec) # 3.332 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.44% )
1,536 context-switches # 0.245 K/sec ( +- 2.10% )
25 cpu-migrations # 0.004 K/sec ( +- 3.79% )
15,914 page-faults # 0.003 M/sec ( +- 0.02% )
20,408,942,915 cycles # 3.248 GHz ( +- 0.40% ) [83.34%]
14,398,424,739 stalled-cycles-frontend # 70.55% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.62% ) [83.36%]
9,513,822,555 stalled-cycles-backend # 46.62% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.62% ) [66.65%]
13,507,376,783 instructions # 0.66 insns per cycle
# 1.07 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.05% ) [83.36%]
3,155,423,934 branches # 502.150 M/sec ( +- 0.05% ) [83.34%]
18,381,090 branch-misses # 0.58% of all branches ( +- 0.16% ) [83.34%]
1.885926070 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.61% )
= srcu =
Performance counter stats for 'fio test-fio-randwrite.txt' (10 runs):
6152.997119 task-clock (msec) # 3.304 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.29% )
1,422 context-switches # 0.231 K/sec ( +- 3.45% )
28 cpu-migrations # 0.004 K/sec ( +- 7.47% )
15,921 page-faults # 0.003 M/sec ( +- 0.02% )
19,862,315,430 cycles # 3.228 GHz ( +- 0.09% ) [83.33%]
13,872,541,761 stalled-cycles-frontend # 69.84% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.12% ) [83.34%]
9,074,883,552 stalled-cycles-backend # 45.69% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.19% ) [66.71%]
13,494,854,651 instructions # 0.68 insns per cycle
# 1.03 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.03% ) [83.37%]
3,148,938,955 branches # 511.773 M/sec ( +- 0.04% ) [83.33%]
17,701,249 branch-misses # 0.56% of all branches ( +- 0.23% ) [83.34%]
1.862543230 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.35% )
srcu is better as 1.24% is better.
3) randrw
= vanilla =
Performance counter stats for 'fio test-fio-randrw.txt' (10 runs):
5609.976477 task-clock (msec) # 3.249 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.34% )
1,407 context-switches # 0.251 K/sec ( +- 0.96% )
25 cpu-migrations # 0.004 K/sec ( +- 5.37% )
15,906 page-faults # 0.003 M/sec ( +- 0.05% )
18,090,560,346 cycles # 3.225 GHz ( +- 0.35% ) [83.36%]
12,885,393,954 stalled-cycles-frontend # 71.23% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.53% ) [83.33%]
8,570,185,547 stalled-cycles-backend # 47.37% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.59% ) [66.67%]
11,771,620,352 instructions # 0.65 insns per cycle
# 1.09 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.05% ) [83.35%]
2,508,014,871 branches # 447.063 M/sec ( +- 0.05% ) [83.34%]
18,585,638 branch-misses # 0.74% of all branches ( +- 0.23% ) [83.35%]
1.726691239 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.40% )
= srcu =
5475.312828 task-clock (msec) # 3.246 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.59% )
1,399 context-switches # 0.255 K/sec ( +- 1.46% )
24 cpu-migrations # 0.004 K/sec ( +- 6.27% )
15,916 page-faults # 0.003 M/sec ( +- 0.04% )
17,583,197,041 cycles # 3.211 GHz ( +- 0.11% ) [83.33%]
12,352,657,985 stalled-cycles-frontend # 70.25% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.16% ) [83.33%]
8,173,164,212 stalled-cycles-backend # 46.48% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.19% ) [66.70%]
11,780,176,340 instructions # 0.67 insns per cycle
# 1.05 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.05% ) [83.36%]
2,506,722,383 branches # 457.823 M/sec ( +- 0.06% ) [83.35%]
18,436,877 branch-misses # 0.74% of all branches ( +- 0.18% ) [83.32%]
1.686877512 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.43% )
srcu is better as 2.3%
Srcu is better than down_read but I don't believe either because when I
did perf record, [up|down]_read and srcu_read_[lock|unlock] is really
minor (about 0.5%) so that I think it's really marginal.
(for example, if we removes srcu_read_[un]lock totally, we just enhance
about 1%) So, I don't think it's worth.
Okay, if you concerns on the data still, how about this?
Even, it would be smaller instructions than [up|down]_read so I guess
it could remove your performance concern. But I don't believe
it could make significant difference, either.
Hope it addresses your concern.
Thanks.
>From e3f0965e692a3d085bb4ff25a774291e3f269550 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
Date: Fri, 30 Jan 2015 09:57:37 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] zram: remove init_lock in zram_make_request
Admin could reset zram during I/O operation going on so we have
used zram->init_lock as read-side lock in I/O path to prevent
sudden zram meta freeing.
However, the init_lock is really troublesome.
We can't do call zram_meta_alloc under init_lock due to lockdep splat
because zram_rw_page is one of the function under reclaim path and
hold it as read_lock while other places in process context hold it
as write_lock. So, we have used allocation out of the lock to avoid
lockdep warn but it's not good for readability and fainally, I met
another lockdep splat between init_lock and cpu_hotplug from
kmem_cache_destroy during working zsmalloc compaction. :(
Yes, the ideal is to remove horrible init_lock of zram in rw path.
This patch removes it in rw path and instead, add atomic refcount
for meta lifetime management and completion to free meta in process
context. It's important to free meta in process context because
some of resource destruction needs mutex lock, which could be held
if we releases the resource in reclaim context so it's deadlock,
again.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
---
drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h | 2 ++
2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
index aa5a4c54f057..9c69c35eace9 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(name);
static inline int init_done(struct zram *zram)
{
- return zram->meta != NULL;
+ return zram->disksize != 0;
}
static inline struct zram *dev_to_zram(struct device *dev)
@@ -350,6 +350,8 @@ static struct zram_meta *zram_meta_alloc(int device_id, u64 disksize)
goto out_error;
}
+ init_completion(&meta->complete);
+ atomic_set(&meta->refcount, 1);
return meta;
out_error:
@@ -358,6 +360,23 @@ out_error:
return NULL;
}
+static inline bool zram_meta_get(struct zram_meta *meta)
+{
+ if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&meta->refcount))
+ return false;
+ return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We want to free zram_meta in process context to avoid
+ * deadlock between reclaim path and any other locks
+ */
+static inline void zram_meta_put(struct zram_meta *meta)
+{
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&meta->refcount))
+ complete(&meta->complete);
+}
+
static void update_position(u32 *index, int *offset, struct bio_vec *bvec)
{
if (*offset + bvec->bv_len >= PAGE_SIZE)
@@ -719,6 +738,9 @@ static void zram_bio_discard(struct zram *zram, u32 index,
static void zram_reset_device(struct zram *zram, bool reset_capacity)
{
+ struct zram_meta *meta;
+ u64 disksize;
+
down_write(&zram->init_lock);
zram->limit_pages = 0;
@@ -728,14 +750,20 @@ static void zram_reset_device(struct zram *zram, bool reset_capacity)
return;
}
+ meta = zram->meta;
+
zcomp_destroy(zram->comp);
zram->max_comp_streams = 1;
- zram_meta_free(zram->meta, zram->disksize);
- zram->meta = NULL;
+ disksize = zram->disksize;
+ zram_meta_put(meta);
+ /* Read/write handler will not handle further I/O operation. */
+ zram->disksize = 0;
+ wait_for_completion(&meta->complete);
+ /* I/O operation under all of CPU are done so let's free */
+ zram_meta_free(zram->meta, disksize);
/* Reset stats */
memset(&zram->stats, 0, sizeof(zram->stats));
- zram->disksize = 0;
if (reset_capacity)
set_capacity(zram->disk, 0);
@@ -908,23 +936,25 @@ static void zram_make_request(struct request_queue *queue, struct bio *bio)
{
struct zram *zram = queue->queuedata;
- down_read(&zram->init_lock);
- if (unlikely(!init_done(zram)))
+ if (unlikely(!zram_meta_get(zram->meta)))
goto error;
+ if (unlikely(!init_done(zram)))
+ goto put_meta;
+
if (!valid_io_request(zram, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
bio->bi_iter.bi_size)) {
atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.invalid_io);
- goto error;
+ goto put_meta;
}
__zram_make_request(zram, bio);
- up_read(&zram->init_lock);
+ zram_meta_put(zram->meta);
return;
-
+put_meta:
+ zram_meta_put(zram->meta);
error:
- up_read(&zram->init_lock);
bio_io_error(bio);
}
@@ -946,21 +976,22 @@ static void zram_slot_free_notify(struct block_device *bdev,
static int zram_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
struct page *page, int rw)
{
- int offset, err;
+ int offset, err = -EIO;
u32 index;
struct zram *zram;
struct bio_vec bv;
zram = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
+ if (unlikely(!zram_meta_get(zram->meta)))
+ goto out;
+
+ if (unlikely(!init_done(zram)))
+ goto put_meta;
+
if (!valid_io_request(zram, sector, PAGE_SIZE)) {
atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.invalid_io);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
-
- down_read(&zram->init_lock);
- if (unlikely(!init_done(zram))) {
- err = -EIO;
- goto out_unlock;
+ err = -EINVAL;
+ goto put_meta;
}
index = sector >> SECTORS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
@@ -971,8 +1002,9 @@ static int zram_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
bv.bv_offset = 0;
err = zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bv, index, offset, rw);
-out_unlock:
- up_read(&zram->init_lock);
+put_meta:
+ zram_meta_put(zram->meta);
+out:
/*
* If I/O fails, just return error(ie, non-zero) without
* calling page_endio.
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h
index b05a816b09ac..07e55ff84a9c 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ struct zram_stats {
struct zram_meta {
struct zram_table_entry *table;
struct zs_pool *mem_pool;
+ atomic_t refcount;
+ struct completion complete; /* notify IO under all of cpu are done */
};
struct zram {
--
1.9.1
>
> > But I guessed most of overhead are from [de]compression, memcpy, clear_page
> > That's why I guessed we don't have measurable difference from that.
> > What's the data pattern if you use iozone?
>
> by "data pattern" you mean usage scenario? well, I usually use zram for
> `make -jX', where X=[4..N]. so N concurrent read-write ops scenario.
What I meant is what data fills I/O buffer, which is really important
to evaluate zram because the compression/decompression speeds relys on it.
>
> -ss
>
> > I guess it's really simple pattern compressor can do fast. I used /dev/sda
> > for dd write so more realistic data. Anyway, if we has 10% regression even if
> > the data is simple, I never want to merge it.
> > I will test it carefully and if it turns out lots regression,
> > surely, I will not go with this and send the original patch again.
--
Kind regards,
Minchan Kim
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