Date:	Wed, 22 Jul 2015 18:20:29 +0300
From:	Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@...allels.com>
To:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
CC:	Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@...gle.com>,
	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>,
	Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
	Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>,
	"Greg Thelen" <gthelen@...gle.com>,
	Michel Lespinasse <walken@...gle.com>,
	"David Rientjes" <rientjes@...gle.com>,
	Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@...allels.com>,
	Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@...nvz.org>,
	Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>, <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
	<linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
	<cgroups@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH -mm v9 6/8] proc: add kpageidle file

On Tue, Jul 21, 2015 at 04:34:52PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> On Sun, 19 Jul 2015 15:31:15 +0300 Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@...allels.com> wrote:
> 
> > Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application
> > or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system
> > efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately.
> > Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided
> > by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the
> > access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to
> > clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced.
> > However, this method has two serious shortcomings:
> > 
> >  - it does not count unmapped file pages
> >  - it affects the reclaimer logic
> > 
> > To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags,
> > Idle and Young, and a new proc file, /proc/kpageidle. A page's Idle flag
> > can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /proc/kpageidle at the
> > offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is
> > accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced()
> > in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()).
> > Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which
> > can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to
> > let the workload access its working set, and then reading the kpageidle
> > file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the
> > workload.
> > 
> > The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory
> > reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page
> > table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to kpageidle. If
> > page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return
> > value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared.
> > 
> > Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this
> > feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit.
> > 
> > ...
> >
> >
> > ...
> >
> > +static void kpageidle_clear_pte_refs(struct page *page)
> > +{
> > +	struct rmap_walk_control rwc = {
> > +		.rmap_one = kpageidle_clear_pte_refs_one,
> > +		.anon_lock = page_lock_anon_vma_read,
> > +	};
> 
> I think this can be static const, since `arg' is unused?  That would
> save some cycles and stack.

Good catch, thanks.

> 
> > +	bool need_lock;
> > +
> > +	if (!page_mapped(page) ||
> > +	    !page_rmapping(page))
> > +		return;
> > +
> > +	need_lock = !PageAnon(page) || PageKsm(page);
> > +	if (need_lock && !trylock_page(page))
> 
> Oh.  So the feature is a bit unreliable.
> 
> I'm not immediately seeing anything which would prevent us from using
> plain old lock_page() here.  What's going on?

A page may be locked for quite a long period of time, e.g.
truncate_inode_pages_range() may wait until a page writeback finishes
under the page lock. Instead of stalling kpageidle scan, we'd better
move on to the next page. Of course, the result won't be 100% accurate.
In fact, it isn't accurate anyway, because we skip isolated pages,
neither can it possibly be 100% accurate, because the scan itself is not
instant so that while we are performing it the system usage pattern
might change. This new API is only supposed to give a good estimate of
memory usage pattern, which could be used as a hint for adjusting the
system configuration to improve performance.

> 
> > +		return;
> > +
> > +	rmap_walk(page, &rwc);
> > +
> > +	if (need_lock)
> > +		unlock_page(page);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static ssize_t kpageidle_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
> > +			      size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
> > +{
> > +	u64 __user *out = (u64 __user *)buf;
> > +	struct page *page;
> > +	unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
> > +	ssize_t ret = 0;
> > +	u64 idle_bitmap = 0;
> > +	int bit;
> > +
> > +	if (*ppos & KPMMASK || count & KPMMASK)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> 
> Interface requires 8-byte aligned offset and size.
> 
> > +	pfn = *ppos * BITS_PER_BYTE;
> > +	if (pfn >= max_pfn)
> > +		return 0;
> > +
> > +	end_pfn = pfn + count * BITS_PER_BYTE;
> > +	if (end_pfn > max_pfn)
> > +		end_pfn = ALIGN(max_pfn, KPMBITS);
> 
> So we lose up to 63 pages.  Presumably max_pfn is well enough aligned
> for this to not matter, dunno.

ALIGN(x, a) resolves to ((x + a - 1) & ~(a - 1)), which is >= x, so we
shouldn't loose anything.

> 
> > +	for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
> > +		bit = pfn % KPMBITS;
> > +		page = kpageidle_get_page(pfn);
> > +		if (page) {
> > +			if (page_is_idle(page)) {
> > +				/*
> > +				 * The page might have been referenced via a
> > +				 * pte, in which case it is not idle. Clear
> > +				 * refs and recheck.
> > +				 */
> > +				kpageidle_clear_pte_refs(page);
> > +				if (page_is_idle(page))
> > +					idle_bitmap |= 1ULL << bit;
> 
> I don't understand what's going on here.  More details, please?

The output is a bitmap, which is stored as an array of 8-byte elements,
where byte order within each word is native, i.e. if page at pfn #i is
idle we need to set bit #i%64 of element #i/64 of the array. I'll
reflect this in the documentation.

> 
> > +			}
> > +			put_page(page);
> > +		}
> > +		if (bit == KPMBITS - 1) {
> > +			if (put_user(idle_bitmap, out)) {
> > +				ret = -EFAULT;
> > +				break;
> > +			}
> > +			idle_bitmap = 0;
> > +			out++;
> > +		}
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	*ppos += (char __user *)out - buf;
> > +	if (!ret)
> > +		ret = (char __user *)out - buf;
> > +	return ret;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static ssize_t kpageidle_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
> > +			       size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
> > +{
> > +	const u64 __user *in = (const u64 __user *)buf;
> > +	struct page *page;
> > +	unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
> > +	ssize_t ret = 0;
> > +	u64 idle_bitmap = 0;
> > +	int bit;
> > +
> > +	if (*ppos & KPMMASK || count & KPMMASK)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	pfn = *ppos * BITS_PER_BYTE;
> > +	if (pfn >= max_pfn)
> > +		return -ENXIO;
> > +
> > +	end_pfn = pfn + count * BITS_PER_BYTE;
> > +	if (end_pfn > max_pfn)
> > +		end_pfn = ALIGN(max_pfn, KPMBITS);
> > +
> > +	for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
> > +		bit = pfn % KPMBITS;
> > +		if (bit == 0) {
> > +			if (get_user(idle_bitmap, in)) {
> > +				ret = -EFAULT;
> > +				break;
> > +			}
> > +			in++;
> > +		}
> > +		if (idle_bitmap >> bit & 1) {
> 
> Hate it when I have to go look up a C precedence table.  This is
> 
> 		if ((idle_bitmap >> bit) & 1) {

Fixed.

Here goes the incremental patch with all the fixes:
---
diff --git a/fs/proc/page.c b/fs/proc/page.c
index 7ff7cba8617b..9daa6e92450f 100644
--- a/fs/proc/page.c
+++ b/fs/proc/page.c
@@ -362,7 +362,11 @@ static int kpageidle_clear_pte_refs_one(struct page *page,
 
 static void kpageidle_clear_pte_refs(struct page *page)
 {
-	struct rmap_walk_control rwc = {
+	/*
+	 * Since rwc.arg is unused, rwc is effectively immutable, so we
+	 * can make it static const to save some cycles and stack.
+	 */
+	static const struct rmap_walk_control rwc = {
 		.rmap_one = kpageidle_clear_pte_refs_one,
 		.anon_lock = page_lock_anon_vma_read,
 	};
@@ -376,7 +380,7 @@ static void kpageidle_clear_pte_refs(struct page *page)
 	if (need_lock && !trylock_page(page))
 		return;
 
-	rmap_walk(page, &rwc);
+	rmap_walk(page, (struct rmap_walk_control *)&rwc);
 
 	if (need_lock)
 		unlock_page(page);
@@ -466,7 +470,7 @@ static ssize_t kpageidle_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 			}
 			in++;
 		}
-		if (idle_bitmap >> bit & 1) {
+		if ((idle_bitmap >> bit) & 1) {
 			page = kpageidle_get_page(pfn);
 			if (page) {
 				kpageidle_clear_pte_refs(page);
--
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