linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] kernel: fix data race in put

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Date:	Fri, 18 Sep 2015 09:00:38 -0700
From:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc:	Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
	Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@...gle.com>, ebiederm@...ssion.com,
	Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>, mhocko@...e.cz,
	LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, ktsan@...glegroups.com,
	Kostya Serebryany <kcc@...gle.com>,
	Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@...gle.com>,
	Alexander Potapenko <glider@...gle.com>,
	Hans Boehm <hboehm@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] kernel: fix data race in put_pid

On Fri, Sep 18, 2015 at 03:46:30PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 18, 2015 at 03:28:44PM +0200, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> > On 09/18, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > >
> > > On Thu, Sep 17, 2015 at 08:09:19PM +0200, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> > >
> > > > I need to recheck, but afaics this is not possible. This optimization
> > > > is fine, but probably needs a comment.
> > >
> > > For sure, this code doesn't make any sense to me.
> > 
> > So yes, after a sleep I am starting to agree that in theory this fast-path
> > check is wrong. I'll write another email..
> 
> This other mail will include a patch adding comments to pid.c ? That
> code didn't want to make sense to me this morning.
> 
> > > As an alternative patch, could we not do:
> > >
> > >   void put_pid(struct pid *pid)
> > >   {
> > > 	struct pid_namespace *ns;
> > >
> > > 	if (!pid)
> > > 		return;
> > >
> > > 	ns = pid->numbers[pid->level].ns;
> > > 	if ((atomic_read(&pid->count) == 1) ||
> > > 	     atomic_dec_and_test(&pid->count)) {
> > >
> > > +		smp_read_barrier_depends(); /* ctrl-dep */
> > 
> > Not sure... Firstly it is not clear what this barrier pairs with. And I
> > have to admit that I can not understand if _CTRL() logic applies here.
> > The same for atomic_read_ctrl().
> 
> The control dependency barrier pairs with the full barrier of
> atomic_dec_and_test.
> 
> So the two put_pid() instances:
> 
> 	CPU0					CPU1
> 
> 	pid->foo = 1;
> 	atomic_dec_and_test() == false		atomic_read_ctrl() == 1
> 						kmem_cache_free(pid)
> 
> CPU0 will modify a pid field and decrement, but not reach 0.
> CPU1 finds we're the last, but must also be able to observe our foo
> store such that we can rest assured  it is complete before we free the
> storage.
> 
> The freeing of pid, on CPU1, is stores, these must not happen before we
> satisfy the freeing condition, iow a load-store barrier, which is what
> the control dependency provides.
> 
> > OK, please forget about put_pid() for the moment. Suppose we have
> > 
> > 	X = 1;
> > 	synchronize_sched();
> > 	Y = 1;
> > 
> > Or
> > 	X = 1;
> > 	call_rcu_sched( func => { Y = 1; } );
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > Now. In theory this this code is wrong:
> > 
> > 	if (Y) {
> > 		BUG_ON(X == 0);
> > 	}
> > 
> > But this is correct:
> > 
> > 	if (Y) {
> > 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
> > 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
> > 		BUG_ON(X == 0);
> > 	}
> > 
> > So perhaps something like this
> > 
> > 	/*
> > 	 * Comment to explain it is eq to read_lock + read_unlock,
> > 	 * in a sense that this guarantees a full barrier wrt to
> > 	 * the previous synchronize_sched().
> > 	 */
> > 	#define rcu_read_barrier_sched()	barrier()
> > 
> > make sense?
> > 
> > 
> > And again, I simply can't understand if this code
> > 
> > 	if (READ_ONCE_CTRL(Y))
> > 		BUG_ON(X == 0);
> > 
> > to me it does _not_ look correct in theory.
> 
> So control dependencies provide a load-store barrier. Your examples
> above rely on a load-load barrier; BUG_ON(X == 0) is a load.
> 
> kmem_cache_free() OTOH is stores (we must modify the free list).

And any reads are bogus, so ordering with writes suffices.  Good!

							Thanx, Paul

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