Date:	Fri, 18 Dec 2015 10:01:29 +0100
From:	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
To:	Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>
Cc:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	vince@...ter.net, eranian@...gle.com, johannes@...solutions.net,
	Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 2/7] perf: Generalize task_function_call()ers

On Thu, Dec 17, 2015 at 04:07:32PM +0100, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 17, 2015 at 04:25:14PM +0200, Alexander Shishkin wrote:
> 
> > That aside, why I brought it up in the first place is because the two
> > functions are asymmetric: one is called with irqs disabled and the
> > other -- with ctx::lock held (and not because I'm into bikeshedding or
> > anything like that). Looking at the pair of them sets off my "that's not
> > right" trigger and sends me to the event_function_call()
> > implementation. So in that sense, prepending an extra underscore kind of
> > made sense. Maybe __perf_remove_from_context_{on,off}()?
> 
> You are quite right, and I think I've found more problems because of
> this. Let me prod at this some more.

So this then...

This fixes, I think, 3 separate bugs:

 - remove_from_context used to clear ->is_active, this is against the
   update rules from ctx_sched_in() which set ->is_active even though
   there might be !nr_events

 - install_in_context did bad things to cpuctx->task_ctx; it would not
   validate that ctx->task == current and could do random things because
   of that.

 - cpuctx->task_ctx tracking was iffy

It also unifies a lot of the weird and fragile code we had around all
those IPI calls and adds a bunch of assertions.

It seems to survive a little pounding with 'normal' workloads.

Please have an extra careful look..

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@...radead.org>
---
 include/linux/perf_event.h    |    4 
 kernel/events/core.c          |  463 ++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 kernel/events/hw_breakpoint.c |    2 
 3 files changed, 180 insertions(+), 289 deletions(-)

--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ extern void perf_swevent_put_recursion_c
 extern u64 perf_swevent_set_period(struct perf_event *event);
 extern void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event);
 extern void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event);
-extern int __perf_event_disable(void *info);
+extern void perf_event_disable_local(struct perf_event *event);
 extern void perf_event_task_tick(void);
 #else /* !CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS: */
 static inline void *
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ static inline void perf_swevent_put_recu
 static inline u64 perf_swevent_set_period(struct perf_event *event)	{ return 0; }
 static inline void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)		{ }
 static inline void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)		{ }
-static inline int __perf_event_disable(void *info)			{ return -1; }
+static inline void perf_event_disable_local(struct perf_event *event)	{ }
 static inline void perf_event_task_tick(void)				{ }
 static inline int perf_event_release_kernel(struct perf_event *event)	{ return 0; }
 #endif
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -126,21 +126,127 @@ static int cpu_function_call(int cpu, re
 	return data.ret;
 }
 
-static void event_function_call(struct perf_event *event,
-				int (*active)(void *),
-				void (*inactive)(void *),
-				void *data)
+static inline struct perf_cpu_context *
+__get_cpu_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+{
+	return this_cpu_ptr(ctx->pmu->pmu_cpu_context);
+}
+
+static void perf_ctx_lock(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+			  struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+{
+	raw_spin_lock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
+	if (ctx)
+		raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
+}
+
+static void perf_ctx_unlock(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+			    struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+{
+	if (ctx)
+		raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
+	raw_spin_unlock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
+}
+
+typedef void (*event_f)(struct perf_event *, struct perf_cpu_context *,
+			struct perf_event_context *, void *);
+
+struct event_function_struct {
+	struct perf_event *event;
+	event_f func;
+	void *data;
+};
+
+static int event_function(void *info)
+{
+	struct event_function_struct *efs = info;
+	struct perf_event *event = efs->event;
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
+	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
+	struct perf_event_context *task_ctx = NULL;
+
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is aimed at a task, check that we hit it.
+	 *
+	 * This being a smp_call_function() we'll have IRQs disabled, therefore
+	 * if this is current, we cannot race with context switches swapping
+	 * out contexts, see perf_event_context_sched_out().
+	 */
+	if (ctx->task) {
+		/* Wrong task, try again. */
+		if (ctx->task != current)
+			return -EAGAIN;
+
+		task_ctx = ctx;
+	} else
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(&cpuctx->ctx != ctx);
+
+	perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, task_ctx);
+	/*
+	 * Now that we hold locks, double check state. Paranoia pays.
+	 */
+	if (task_ctx) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(task_ctx->task != current);
+
+		/*
+		 * The rules are that:
+		 *
+		 *  * ctx->is_active is set irrespective of the actual number of
+		 *    events, such that we can know it got scheduled in etc.
+		 *
+		 *  * cpuctx->task_ctx is only set if there were actual events on.
+		 *
+		 * It can happen that even though we hit the right task,
+		 * ->is_active is still false, this is possible when the ctx is
+		 * new and the task hasn't scheduled yet, or the ctx on its way
+		 * out.
+		 */
+		if (task_ctx->is_active && task_ctx->nr_events) {
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx != task_ctx);
+		} else {
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx);
+		}
+	}
+
+	efs->func(event, cpuctx, ctx, efs->data);
+	perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, task_ctx);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void event_function_local(struct perf_event *event, event_f func, void *data)
+{
+	struct event_function_struct efs = {
+		.event = event,
+		.func = func,
+		.data = data,
+	};
+
+	int ret = event_function(&efs);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(ret);
+}
+
+static void event_function_call(struct perf_event *event, event_f func, void *data)
 {
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
 	struct task_struct *task = ctx->task;
+	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
+
+	struct event_function_struct efs = {
+		.event = event,
+		.func = func,
+		.data = data,
+	};
 
 	if (!task) {
-		cpu_function_call(event->cpu, active, data);
+		cpu_function_call(event->cpu, event_function, &efs);
 		return;
 	}
 
 again:
-	if (!task_function_call(task, active, data))
+	if (!task_function_call(task, event_function, &efs))
 		return;
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock);
@@ -153,7 +259,8 @@ static void event_function_call(struct p
 		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
 		goto again;
 	}
-	inactive(data);
+	cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
+	func(event, cpuctx, ctx, data);
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
 }
 
@@ -368,28 +475,6 @@ static inline u64 perf_event_clock(struc
 	return event->clock();
 }
 
-static inline struct perf_cpu_context *
-__get_cpu_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
-{
-	return this_cpu_ptr(ctx->pmu->pmu_cpu_context);
-}
-
-static void perf_ctx_lock(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
-			  struct perf_event_context *ctx)
-{
-	raw_spin_lock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
-	if (ctx)
-		raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
-}
-
-static void perf_ctx_unlock(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
-			    struct perf_event_context *ctx)
-{
-	if (ctx)
-		raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
-	raw_spin_unlock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
-}
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF
 
 static inline bool
@@ -1655,47 +1740,18 @@ group_sched_out(struct perf_event *group
 		cpuctx->exclusive = 0;
 }
 
-struct remove_event {
-	struct perf_event *event;
-	bool detach_group;
-};
-
-static void ___perf_remove_from_context(void *info)
-{
-	struct remove_event *re = info;
-	struct perf_event *event = re->event;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-
-	if (re->detach_group)
-		perf_group_detach(event);
-	list_del_event(event, ctx);
-}
-
-/*
- * Cross CPU call to remove a performance event
- *
- * We disable the event on the hardware level first. After that we
- * remove it from the context list.
- */
-static int __perf_remove_from_context(void *info)
+static void
+__perf_remove_from_context(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+			   struct perf_event_context *ctx, void *info)
 {
-	struct remove_event *re = info;
-	struct perf_event *event = re->event;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
+	bool detach_group = (unsigned long)info;
 
-	raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
 	event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
-	if (re->detach_group)
+	if (detach_group)
 		perf_group_detach(event);
 	list_del_event(event, ctx);
-	if (!ctx->nr_events && cpuctx->task_ctx == ctx) {
-		ctx->is_active = 0;
+	if (!ctx->nr_events && cpuctx->task_ctx == ctx)
 		cpuctx->task_ctx = NULL;
-	}
-	raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
-
-	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1714,70 +1770,33 @@ static int __perf_remove_from_context(vo
 static void perf_remove_from_context(struct perf_event *event, bool detach_group)
 {
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-	struct remove_event re = {
-		.event = event,
-		.detach_group = detach_group,
-	};
 
 	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);
 
 	event_function_call(event, __perf_remove_from_context,
-			    ___perf_remove_from_context, &re);
+			    (void *)(unsigned long)detach_group);
 }
 
-/*
- * Cross CPU call to disable a performance event
- */
-int __perf_event_disable(void *info)
+static void
+__perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+		     struct perf_event_context *ctx, void *info)
 {
-	struct perf_event *event = info;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
-
-	/*
-	 * If this is a per-task event, need to check whether this
-	 * event's task is the current task on this cpu.
-	 *
-	 * Can trigger due to concurrent perf_event_context_sched_out()
-	 * flipping contexts around.
-	 */
-	if (ctx->task && cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
-
-	/*
-	 * If the event is on, turn it off.
-	 * If it is in error state, leave it in error state.
-	 */
-	if (event->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
-		update_context_time(ctx);
-		update_cgrp_time_from_event(event);
-		update_group_times(event);
-		if (event == event->group_leader)
-			group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
-		else
-			event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
-		event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
-	}
-
-	raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
+	if (event->state < PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
+		return;
 
-	return 0;
+	update_context_time(ctx);
+	update_cgrp_time_from_event(event);
+	update_group_times(event);
+	if (event == event->group_leader)
+		group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
+	else
+		event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
+	event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
 }
 
-void ___perf_event_disable(void *info)
+void perf_event_disable_local(struct perf_event *event)
 {
-	struct perf_event *event = info;
-
-	/*
-	 * Since we have the lock this context can't be scheduled
-	 * in, so we can change the state safely.
-	 */
-	if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
-		update_group_times(event);
-		event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
-	}
+	event_function_local(event, __perf_event_disable, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1804,8 +1823,7 @@ static void _perf_event_disable(struct p
 	}
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
 
-	event_function_call(event, __perf_event_disable,
-			    ___perf_event_disable, event);
+	event_function_call(event, __perf_event_disable, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2054,62 +2072,30 @@ static void perf_event_sched_in(struct p
 	if (ctx)
 		ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_PINNED, task);
 	cpu_ctx_sched_in(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE, task);
-	if (ctx)
+	if (ctx) {
 		ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE, task);
+		if (ctx->nr_events)
+			cpuctx->task_ctx = ctx;
+	}
 }
 
-static void ___perf_install_in_context(void *info)
-{
-	struct perf_event *event = info;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-
-	/*
-	 * Since the task isn't running, its safe to add the event, us holding
-	 * the ctx->lock ensures the task won't get scheduled in.
-	 */
-	add_event_to_ctx(event, ctx);
-}
-
-/*
- * Cross CPU call to install and enable a performance event
- *
- * Must be called with ctx->mutex held
- */
-static int  __perf_install_in_context(void *info)
+static void perf_resched_context(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
 {
-	struct perf_event *event = info;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
 	struct perf_event_context *task_ctx = cpuctx->task_ctx;
-	struct task_struct *task = current;
 
-	perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, task_ctx);
 	perf_pmu_disable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
-
-	/*
-	 * If there was an active task_ctx schedule it out.
-	 */
 	if (task_ctx)
 		task_ctx_sched_out(task_ctx);
-
-	/*
-	 * If the context we're installing events in is not the
-	 * active task_ctx, flip them.
-	 */
-	if (ctx->task && task_ctx != ctx) {
-		if (task_ctx)
-			raw_spin_unlock(&task_ctx->lock);
-		raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
-		task_ctx = ctx;
-	}
-
-	if (task_ctx) {
-		cpuctx->task_ctx = task_ctx;
-		task = task_ctx->task;
-	}
-
 	cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_ALL);
 
+	perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, task_ctx, current);
+	perf_pmu_enable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
+}
+
+static void
+__perf_install_in_context(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+			  struct perf_event_context *ctx, void *info)
+{
 	update_context_time(ctx);
 	/*
 	 * update cgrp time only if current cgrp
@@ -2120,15 +2106,8 @@ static int  __perf_install_in_context(vo
 
 	add_event_to_ctx(event, ctx);
 
-	/*
-	 * Schedule everything back in
-	 */
-	perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, task_ctx, task);
-
-	perf_pmu_enable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
-	perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, task_ctx);
-
-	return 0;
+	if (ctx->is_active)
+		perf_resched_context(cpuctx);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2152,8 +2131,7 @@ perf_install_in_context(struct perf_even
 	if (event->cpu != -1)
 		event->cpu = cpu;
 
-	event_function_call(event, __perf_install_in_context,
-			    ___perf_install_in_context, event);
+	event_function_call(event, __perf_install_in_context, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2177,88 +2155,33 @@ static void __perf_event_mark_enabled(st
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * Cross CPU call to enable a performance event
- */
-static int __perf_event_enable(void *info)
+static void
+__perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+		    struct perf_event_context *ctx, void *info)
 {
-	struct perf_event *event = info;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
 	struct perf_event *leader = event->group_leader;
-	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
-	int err;
-
-	/*
-	 * There's a time window between 'ctx->is_active' check
-	 * in perf_event_enable function and this place having:
-	 *   - IRQs on
-	 *   - ctx->lock unlocked
-	 *
-	 * where the task could be killed and 'ctx' deactivated
-	 * by perf_event_exit_task.
-	 */
-	if (!ctx->is_active)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
-	update_context_time(ctx);
 
 	if (event->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
-		goto unlock;
+		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * set current task's cgroup time reference point
-	 */
+	update_context_time(ctx);
 	perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(current, ctx);
-
 	__perf_event_mark_enabled(event);
 
 	if (!event_filter_match(event)) {
 		if (is_cgroup_event(event))
 			perf_cgroup_defer_enabled(event);
-		goto unlock;
+		return;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * If the event is in a group and isn't the group leader,
-	 * then don't put it on unless the group is on.
+	 * If we're part of a group and the leader isn't active, we won't be either.
 	 */
 	if (leader != event && leader->state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE)
-		goto unlock;
-
-	if (!group_can_go_on(event, cpuctx, 1)) {
-		err = -EEXIST;
-	} else {
-		if (event == leader)
-			err = group_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx);
-		else
-			err = event_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx);
-	}
-
-	if (err) {
-		/*
-		 * If this event can't go on and it's part of a
-		 * group, then the whole group has to come off.
-		 */
-		if (leader != event) {
-			group_sched_out(leader, cpuctx, ctx);
-			perf_mux_hrtimer_restart(cpuctx);
-		}
-		if (leader->attr.pinned) {
-			update_group_times(leader);
-			leader->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR;
-		}
-	}
-
-unlock:
-	raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
-
-	return 0;
-}
+		return;
 
-void ___perf_event_enable(void *info)
-{
-	__perf_event_mark_enabled((struct perf_event *)info);
+	if (ctx->is_active)
+		perf_resched_context(cpuctx);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2291,8 +2214,7 @@ static void _perf_event_enable(struct pe
 		event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
 
-	event_function_call(event, __perf_event_enable,
-			    ___perf_event_enable, event);
+	event_function_call(event, __perf_event_enable, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2774,9 +2696,6 @@ static void perf_event_context_sched_in(
 	 */
 	cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);
 
-	if (ctx->nr_events)
-		cpuctx->task_ctx = ctx;
-
 	perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx, task);
 
 	perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
@@ -4086,36 +4005,13 @@ static void perf_event_for_each(struct p
 		perf_event_for_each_child(sibling, func);
 }
 
-struct period_event {
-	struct perf_event *event;
-	u64 value;
-};
-
-static void ___perf_event_period(void *info)
-{
-	struct period_event *pe = info;
-	struct perf_event *event = pe->event;
-	u64 value = pe->value;
-
-	if (event->attr.freq) {
-		event->attr.sample_freq = value;
-	} else {
-		event->attr.sample_period = value;
-		event->hw.sample_period = value;
-	}
-
-	local64_set(&event->hw.period_left, 0);
-}
-
-static int __perf_event_period(void *info)
+static void
+__perf_event_period(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+		    struct perf_event_context *ctx, void *info)
 {
-	struct period_event *pe = info;
-	struct perf_event *event = pe->event;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
-	u64 value = pe->value;
+	u64 value = *((u64 *)info);
 	bool active;
 
-	raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
 	if (event->attr.freq) {
 		event->attr.sample_freq = value;
 	} else {
@@ -4125,6 +4021,7 @@ static int __perf_event_period(void *inf
 
 	active = (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE);
 	if (active) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(!ctx->is_active);
 		perf_pmu_disable(ctx->pmu);
 		event->pmu->stop(event, PERF_EF_UPDATE);
 	}
@@ -4135,14 +4032,10 @@ static int __perf_event_period(void *inf
 		event->pmu->start(event, PERF_EF_RELOAD);
 		perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
 	}
-	raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
-
-	return 0;
 }
 
 static int perf_event_period(struct perf_event *event, u64 __user *arg)
 {
-	struct period_event pe = { .event = event, };
 	u64 value;
 
 	if (!is_sampling_event(event))
@@ -4157,10 +4050,7 @@ static int perf_event_period(struct perf
 	if (event->attr.freq && value > sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	pe.value = value;
-
-	event_function_call(event, __perf_event_period,
-			    ___perf_event_period, &pe);
+	event_function_call(event, __perf_event_period, &value);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -4932,7 +4822,7 @@ static void perf_pending_event(struct ir
 
 	if (event->pending_disable) {
 		event->pending_disable = 0;
-		__perf_event_disable(event);
+		perf_event_disable_local(event);
 	}
 
 	if (event->pending_wakeup) {
@@ -9221,13 +9111,14 @@ static void perf_event_init_cpu(int cpu)
 #if defined CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU || defined CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
 static void __perf_event_exit_context(void *__info)
 {
-	struct remove_event re = { .detach_group = true };
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = __info;
+	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
+	struct perf_event *event;
 
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	list_for_each_entry_rcu(re.event, &ctx->event_list, event_entry)
-		__perf_remove_from_context(&re);
-	rcu_read_unlock();
+	raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->event_list, event_entry)
+		__perf_remove_from_context(event, cpuctx, ctx, (void *)(unsigned long)true);
+	raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
 }
 
 static void perf_event_exit_cpu_context(int cpu)
--- a/kernel/events/hw_breakpoint.c
+++ b/kernel/events/hw_breakpoint.c
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ int modify_user_hw_breakpoint(struct per
 	 * current task.
 	 */
 	if (irqs_disabled() && bp->ctx && bp->ctx->task == current)
-		__perf_event_disable(bp);
+		perf_event_disable_local(bp);
 	else
 		perf_event_disable(bp);
 
--
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