Date:	Tue, 08 Mar 2016 17:29:45 -0700
From:	Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@....com>
To:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
Cc:	"Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...nel.org>,
	Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@...com>,
	Paul McKenney <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Dave Airlie <airlied@...hat.com>,
	Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@...nel.crashing.org>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, X86 ML <x86@...nel.org>,
	Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@...el.com>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
	Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
	Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
	Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>
Subject: Re: Overlapping ioremap() calls, set_memory_*() semantics

On Tue, 2016-03-08 at 13:16 +0100, Ingo Molnar wrote:
> * Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@....com> wrote:
> 
> > > So where is the problem? The memtype implementation and hence most
> > > ioremap() users are supposed to be safe. set_memory_*() APIs are
> > > supposed
> > > to be safe as well, as they too go via the memtype API.
> > 
> > Let me try to summarize...
> > 
> > The original issue Luis brought up was that drivers written to work
> > with MTRR may create a single ioremap range covering multiple cache
> > attributes since MTRR can overwrite cache attribute of a certain range.
> >  Converting such drivers with PAT-based ioremap interfaces, i.e.
> > ioremap_wc() and ioremap_nocache(), requires a separate ioremap map for
> > each cache attribute, which can be challenging as it may result in
> > overlapping ioremap ranges (in his term) with different cache
> > attributes.
> > 
> > So, Luis asked about 'sematics of overlapping ioremap()' calls.  Hence,
> > I responded that aliasing mapping itself is supported, but alias with
> > different cache attribute is not.  We have checks in place to detect
> > such condition.  Overlapping ioremap calls with a different cache
> > attribute either fails or gets redirected to the existing cache
> > attribute on x86.
> 
> Ok, fair enough!
> 
> So to go back to the original suggestion from Luis, I've quoted it, but
> with a s/overlapping/aliased substitution:
> 
> > I had suggested long ago then that one possible resolution was for us
> > to add an API that *enables* aliased ioremap() calls, and only use it
> > on select locations in the kernel. This means we only have to convert a
> > few users to that call to white list such semantics, and by default
> > we'd disable aliased calls. To kick things off -- is this strategy
> > agreeable for all other architectures?
> 
> I'd say that since the overwhelming majority of ioremap() calls are not
> aliased, ever, thus making it 'harder' to accidentally alias is probably
> a good idea.

Did you mean 'aliased' or 'aliased with different cache attribute'?  The
former check might be too strict.

> The memtype infrastructure of phyisical memory ranges in that case acts
> as a security measure, to avoid unintended (not just physically
> incompatible) aliasing. I suspect it would be helpful during driver
> development as well.

The memtype infrastructure does not track caller interfaces.  So, it will
check against to any map, i.e. kernel & user map.  I assume a kernel map is
created before user map, though.

> What extra API are you thinking about to enable aliasing in the few cases
> where it's justified?

I'll defer this for Luis...

> the other problem listed:
> 
> > As another problem case, set_memor_*() will not fail on MMIO even
> > though set_memor_*() is designed only for RAM.
> 
> So what does this mean exactly? Having WB caching on MMIO area is not
> good, but UC, WC and WB sure is still sensible in some cases, right?

I responded to Luis in other email that:
| Drivers use ioremap family with a right cache type when mapping MMIO
| ranges, ex. ioremap_wc().  They do not need to change the type to MMIO.
| RAM is different since it's already mapped with WB at boot-time.
| set_memory_*() allows us to change the type from WB, and put it back to
| WB.

> > [...] If the above strategy on avoiding aliasing is agreeable, could
> > the next step, or an orthogonal step be to error out on set_memory_*()
> > on IO memory?
> 
> Well, do we have drivers that nevertheless change caching attributes on
> MMIO areas?

Not sure.  We will need to check all callers of set_memory_xx() if we
change it to fail on MMIO.

> Basically if ioremap_uc() and ioremap_wc() is allowed on MMIO areas, then
> I see no reason in principle why it should be invalid to change the area
> from UC to WC after it has been ioremap()ed.

The current implementation does not support MMIO.
 - It does not track cache attribute correctly for MMIO since it uses
__pa().
 - It only supports attribute transition of {WB -> NewType -> WB} for RAM.
 RAM is tracked differently that WB is treated as "no map".  So, this
transition does not cause a conflict on RAM.  This will causes a conflict
on MMIO when it is tracked correctly.   

Thanks,
-Toshi

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