Date:	Tue, 29 Mar 2016 16:13:33 +0200
From:	Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@...a86.com>
To:	Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:	linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Leizhen <thunder.leizhen@...wei.com>,
	Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@...cle.com>,
	qiuxishi <qiuxishi@...wei.com>,
	Catalin Marinas <Catalin.Marinas@....com>,
	Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
	Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
	dingtinahong <dingtianhong@...wei.com>, chenjie6@...wei.com,
	Lucas Stach <l.stach@...gutronix.de>,
	Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
	"Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@...wei.com>,
	Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
	Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>,
	"Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>,
	Laura Abbott <labbott@...hat.com>,
	Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>,
	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>,
	Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@...jp.nec.com>,
	stable@...r.kernel.org,
	Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@...fujitsu.com>,
	Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@...fujitsu.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/page_alloc: prevent merging between isolated and other pageblocks

On Wed, Mar 23 2016, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> Hanjun Guo has reported that a CMA stress test causes broken accounting of
> CMA and free pages:
>
>> Before the test, I got:
>> -bash-4.3# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Cma
>> CmaTotal:         204800 kB
>> CmaFree:          195044 kB
>>
>>
>> After running the test:
>> -bash-4.3# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Cma
>> CmaTotal:         204800 kB
>> CmaFree:         6602584 kB
>>
>> So the freed CMA memory is more than total..
>>
>> Also the the MemFree is more than mem total:
>>
>> -bash-4.3# cat /proc/meminfo
>> MemTotal:       16342016 kB
>> MemFree:        22367268 kB
>> MemAvailable:   22370528 kB
>
> Laura Abbott has confirmed the issue and suspected the freepage accounting
> rewrite around 3.18/4.0 by Joonsoo Kim. Joonsoo had a theory that this is
> caused by unexpected merging between MIGRATE_ISOLATE and MIGRATE_CMA
> pageblocks:
>
>> CMA isolates MAX_ORDER aligned blocks, but, during the process,
>> partialy isolated block exists. If MAX_ORDER is 11 and
>> pageblock_order is 9, two pageblocks make up MAX_ORDER
>> aligned block and I can think following scenario because pageblock
>> (un)isolation would be done one by one.
>>
>> (each character means one pageblock. 'C', 'I' means MIGRATE_CMA,
>> MIGRATE_ISOLATE, respectively.
>>
>> CC -> IC -> II (Isolation)
>> II -> CI -> CC (Un-isolation)
>>
>> If some pages are freed at this intermediate state such as IC or CI,
>> that page could be merged to the other page that is resident on
>> different type of pageblock and it will cause wrong freepage count.
>
> This was supposed to be prevented by CMA operating on MAX_ORDER blocks, but
> since it doesn't hold the zone->lock between pageblocks, a race window does
> exist.
>
> It's also likely that unexpected merging can occur between MIGRATE_ISOLATE
> and non-CMA pageblocks. This should be prevented in __free_one_page() since
> commit 3c605096d315 ("mm/page_alloc: restrict max order of merging on isolated
> pageblock"). However, we only check the migratetype of the pageblock where
> buddy merging has been initiated, not the migratetype of the buddy pageblock
> (or group of pageblocks) which can be MIGRATE_ISOLATE.
>
> Joonsoo has suggested checking for buddy migratetype as part of
> page_is_buddy(), but that would add extra checks in allocator hotpath and
> bloat-o-meter has shown significant code bloat (the function is inline).
>
> This patch reduces the bloat at some expense of more complicated code. The
> buddy-merging while-loop in __free_one_page() is initially bounded to
> pageblock_border and without any migratetype checks. The checks are placed
> outside, bumping the max_order if merging is allowed, and returning to the
> while-loop with a statement which can't be possibly considered harmful.
>
> This fixes the accounting bug and also removes the arguably weird state in the
> original commit 3c605096d315 where buddies could be left unmerged.
>
> Fixes: 3c605096d315 ("mm/page_alloc: restrict max order of merging on isolated pageblock")
> Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/3/2/280
> Reported-by: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@...wei.com>
> Debugged-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@...hat.com>
> Debugged-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>
> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>
> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>
> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@...fujitsu.com>
> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@...fujitsu.com>
> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@...a86.com>

Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@...a86.com>

> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@...jp.nec.com>
> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
> Cc: <stable@...r.kernel.org> # v3.18+
> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>

I wonder if with this change,

	ret = start_isolate_page_range(pfn_max_align_down(start),
				       pfn_max_align_up(end), migratetype,
				       false);

in alloc_contig_range could be loosen up to align to pageblocks instead
of having to use max(pageblock, max_page).  It feels that it should be
possible, but on the other hand, I’m not certain how buddy allocator
will behave if a max_order page spans MIGRATE_CMA and MIGRATE_ISOLATE
pageblocks.  I guess start_isolate_page_range would have to split such
pages?

> ---
>  mm/page_alloc.c | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
>  1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
> index c46b75d14b6f..b9785af4fae2 100644
> --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
> +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
> @@ -683,34 +683,28 @@ static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
>  	unsigned long combined_idx;
>  	unsigned long uninitialized_var(buddy_idx);
>  	struct page *buddy;
> -	unsigned int max_order = MAX_ORDER;
> +	unsigned int max_order;
> +
> +	max_order = min_t(unsigned int, MAX_ORDER, pageblock_order + 1);
>  
>  	VM_BUG_ON(!zone_is_initialized(zone));
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP, page);
>  
>  	VM_BUG_ON(migratetype == -1);
> -	if (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype)) {
> -		/*
> -		 * We restrict max order of merging to prevent merge
> -		 * between freepages on isolate pageblock and normal
> -		 * pageblock. Without this, pageblock isolation
> -		 * could cause incorrect freepage accounting.
> -		 */
> -		max_order = min_t(unsigned int, MAX_ORDER, pageblock_order + 1);
> -	} else {
> +	if (likely(!is_migrate_isolate(migratetype)))
>  		__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, 1 << order, migratetype);
> -	}
>  
> -	page_idx = pfn & ((1 << max_order) - 1);
> +	page_idx = pfn & ((1 << MAX_ORDER) - 1);
>  
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_idx & ((1 << order) - 1), page);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone, page), page);
>  
> +continue_merging:
>  	while (order < max_order - 1) {
>  		buddy_idx = __find_buddy_index(page_idx, order);
>  		buddy = page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
>  		if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
> -			break;
> +			goto done_merging;
>  		/*
>  		 * Our buddy is free or it is CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC guard page,
>  		 * merge with it and move up one order.
> @@ -727,6 +721,32 @@ static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
>  		page_idx = combined_idx;
>  		order++;
>  	}
> +	if (max_order < MAX_ORDER) {
> +		/* If we are here, it means order is >= pageblock_order.
> +		 * We want to prevent merge between freepages on isolate
> +		 * pageblock and normal pageblock. Without this, pageblock
> +		 * isolation could cause incorrect freepage or CMA accounting.
> +		 *
> +		 * We don't want to hit this code for the more frequent
> +		 * low-order merging.
> +		 */
> +		if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone))) {
> +			int buddy_mt;
> +
> +			buddy_idx = __find_buddy_index(page_idx, order);
> +			buddy = page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
> +			buddy_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(buddy);
> +
> +			if (migratetype != buddy_mt
> +					&& (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype) ||
> +						is_migrate_isolate(buddy_mt)))
> +				goto done_merging;
> +		}
> +		max_order++;
> +		goto continue_merging;
> +	}
> +
> +done_merging:
>  	set_page_order(page, order);
>  
>  	/*
> -- 
> 2.7.3
>

-- 
Best regards
ミハウ “𝓶𝓲𝓷𝓪86” ナザレヴイツ
«If at first you don’t succeed, give up skydiving»

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