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Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2016 02:47:48 +0000
From: Brendan Gregg <bgregg@...flix.com>
To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
Wang Nan <wangnan0@...wei.com>,
Brendan Gregg <bgregg@...flix.com>
Subject: [PATCH v2 2/3] samples/bpf: Add a sampling BPF example
This example samples the instruction pointer at a timed interval, and
frequency counts it in a BPF map. It is an example of summarizing sampled
data in-kernel for passing to user space. It uses the perf:perf_hrtimer
tracepoint with perf_events sampling.
Example output:
Sampling at 99 Hertz for 5 seconds. Ctrl-C also ends.
ADDR KSYM COUNT
0xffffffff81257088 __fsnotify_parent 1
0x7f20b792d9b0 (user) 1
0xffffffff8121469e __vfs_read 1
0xffffffff81214afd rw_verify_area 1
0xffffffff8123327e __fget_light 1
0x7fc0965a6e2c (user) 1
0xffffffff81233c04 __fdget_pos 1
0xffffffff81378528 common_file_perm 1
0x404d90 (user) 1
0xffffffff81214c13 vfs_read 1
[...]
0xffffffff813d9e97 copy_user_enhanced_fast_string 3
0xffffffff817e310c _raw_spin_lock_irqsave 4
0xffffffff817e31a0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath 4
0xffffffff814fb96c extract_crng 6
0xffffffff813d9e95 copy_user_enhanced_fast_string 7
0xffffffff814fb8a3 _extract_crng 7
0xffffffff817e2d55 _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore 1399
0xffffffff8105fb46 native_safe_halt 2190
It also has basic options:
USAGE: sampleip [-F freq] [duration]
-F freq # sample frequency (Hertz), default 99
duration # sampling duration (seconds), default 5
Signed-off-by: Brendan Gregg <bgregg@...flix.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@...wei.com>
---
samples/bpf/Makefile | 4 +
samples/bpf/sampleip_kern.c | 48 +++++++++++
samples/bpf/sampleip_user.c | 189 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 241 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 samples/bpf/sampleip_kern.c
create mode 100644 samples/bpf/sampleip_user.c
diff --git a/samples/bpf/Makefile b/samples/bpf/Makefile
index 90ebf7d..dc88a1e 100644
--- a/samples/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/samples/bpf/Makefile
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ hostprogs-y += test_overhead
hostprogs-y += test_cgrp2_array_pin
hostprogs-y += xdp1
hostprogs-y += xdp2
+hostprogs-y += sampleip
test_verifier-objs := test_verifier.o libbpf.o
test_maps-objs := test_maps.o libbpf.o
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ test_cgrp2_array_pin-objs := libbpf.o test_cgrp2_array_pin.o
xdp1-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o xdp1_user.o
# reuse xdp1 source intentionally
xdp2-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o xdp1_user.o
+sampleip-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o sampleip_user.o
# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
always := $(hostprogs-y)
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ always += parse_varlen.o parse_simple.o parse_ldabs.o
always += test_cgrp2_tc_kern.o
always += xdp1_kern.o
always += xdp2_kern.o
+always += sampleip_kern.o
HOSTCFLAGS += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ HOSTLOADLIBES_map_perf_test += -lelf -lrt
HOSTLOADLIBES_test_overhead += -lelf -lrt
HOSTLOADLIBES_xdp1 += -lelf
HOSTLOADLIBES_xdp2 += -lelf
+HOSTLOADLIBES_sampleip += -lelf
# Allows pointing LLC/CLANG to a LLVM backend with bpf support, redefine on cmdline:
# make samples/bpf/ LLC=~/git/llvm/build/bin/llc CLANG=~/git/llvm/build/bin/clang
diff --git a/samples/bpf/sampleip_kern.c b/samples/bpf/sampleip_kern.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afec3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/bpf/sampleip_kern.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 Netflix, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <linux/version.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+#define MAX_IPS 8192
+
+#define _(P) ({typeof(P) val; bpf_probe_read(&val, sizeof(val), &P); val;})
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") ip_map = {
+ .type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
+ .key_size = sizeof(u64),
+ .value_size = sizeof(u32),
+ .max_entries = MAX_IPS,
+};
+
+/* from /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/perf/perf_hrtimer/format */
+struct perf_hrtimer_args {
+ unsigned long long pad;
+ struct pt_regs *regs;
+ struct perf_event *event;
+};
+SEC("tracepoint/perf/perf_hrtimer")
+int do_sample(struct perf_hrtimer_args *args)
+{
+ struct pt_regs *regs;
+ u64 ip;
+ u32 *value, init_val = 1;
+
+ regs = _(args->regs);
+ ip = _(regs->ip);
+ value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&ip_map, &ip);
+ if (value)
+ *value += 1;
+ else
+ /* E2BIG not tested for this example only */
+ bpf_map_update_elem(&ip_map, &ip, &init_val, BPF_ANY);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+u32 _version SEC("version") = LINUX_VERSION_CODE;
diff --git a/samples/bpf/sampleip_user.c b/samples/bpf/sampleip_user.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da0727d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/bpf/sampleip_user.c
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*
+ * sampleip: sample instruction pointer and frequency count in a BPF map.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2016 Netflix, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <linux/perf_event.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "libbpf.h"
+#include "bpf_load.h"
+
+#define DEFAULT_FREQ 99
+#define DEFAULT_SECS 5
+#define MAX_IPS 8192
+#define PAGE_OFFSET 0xffff880000000000
+
+static int nr_cpus;
+
+static void usage(void)
+{
+ printf("USAGE: sampleip [-F freq] [duration]\n");
+ printf(" -F freq # sample frequency (Hertz), default 99\n");
+ printf(" duration # sampling duration (seconds), default 5\n");
+}
+
+static int sampling_start(int *pmu_fd, int freq)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ struct perf_event_attr pe_sample_attr = {
+ .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
+ .freq = 1,
+ .sample_period = freq,
+ };
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
+ pmu_fd[i] = perf_event_open(&pe_sample_attr, -1 /* pid */, i,
+ -1 /* group_fd */, 0 /* flags */);
+ if (pmu_fd[i] < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Initializing perf sampling\n");
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void sampling_end(int *pmu_fd)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++)
+ close(pmu_fd[i]);
+}
+
+struct ipcount {
+ __u64 ip;
+ __u32 count;
+};
+
+/* used for sorting */
+struct ipcount counts[MAX_IPS];
+
+static int count_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+ return ((struct ipcount *)p1)->count - ((struct ipcount *)p2)->count;
+}
+
+static void print_ip_map(int fd)
+{
+ struct ksym *sym;
+ __u64 key, next_key;
+ __u32 value;
+ int i, max;
+
+ printf("%-19s %-32s %s\n", "ADDR", "KSYM", "COUNT");
+
+ /* fetch IPs and counts */
+ key = 0, i = 0;
+ while (bpf_get_next_key(fd, &key, &next_key) == 0) {
+ bpf_lookup_elem(fd, &next_key, &value);
+ counts[i].ip = next_key;
+ counts[i++].count = value;
+ key = next_key;
+ }
+ max = i;
+
+ /* sort and print */
+ qsort(counts, max, sizeof(struct ipcount), count_cmp);
+ for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+ if (counts[i].ip > PAGE_OFFSET) {
+ sym = ksym_search(counts[i].ip);
+ printf("0x%-17llx %-32s %u\n", counts[i].ip, sym->name,
+ counts[i].count);
+ } else {
+ printf("0x%-17llx %-32s %u\n", counts[i].ip, "(user)",
+ counts[i].count);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (max == MAX_IPS) {
+ printf("WARNING: IP hash was full (max %d entries); ", max);
+ printf("may have dropped samples\n");
+ }
+}
+
+static void int_exit(int sig)
+{
+ printf("\n");
+ print_ip_map(map_fd[0]);
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ char filename[256];
+ int *pmu_fd, opt, freq = DEFAULT_FREQ, secs = DEFAULT_SECS;
+
+ /* process arguments */
+ while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "F:h")) != -1) {
+ switch (opt) {
+ case 'F':
+ freq = atoi(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'h':
+ default:
+ usage();
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ if (argc - optind == 1)
+ secs = atoi(argv[optind]);
+ if (freq == 0 || secs == 0) {
+ usage();
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* initialize kernel symbol translation */
+ if (load_kallsyms()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: loading /proc/kallsyms\n");
+ return 2;
+ }
+
+ /* create perf FDs for each CPU */
+ nr_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
+ pmu_fd = malloc(nr_cpus * sizeof(int));
+ if (pmu_fd == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: malloc of pmu_fd\n");
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* load BPF program */
+ snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s_kern.o", argv[0]);
+ if (load_bpf_file(filename)) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: loading BPF program (errno %d):\n",
+ errno);
+ if (strcmp(bpf_log_buf, "") == 0)
+ fprintf(stderr, "Try: ulimit -l unlimited\n");
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s", bpf_log_buf);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ signal(SIGINT, int_exit);
+
+ /* do sampling */
+ printf("Sampling at %d Hertz for %d seconds. Ctrl-C also ends.\n",
+ freq, secs);
+ if (sampling_start(pmu_fd, freq) != 0)
+ return 1;
+ sleep(secs);
+ sampling_end(pmu_fd);
+ free(pmu_fd);
+
+ /* output sample counts */
+ print_ip_map(map_fd[0]);
+
+ return 0;
+}
--
2.7.4
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