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Date: Tue, 23 May 2017 16:48:50 +0200
From: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...nel.org>
To: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>
Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...nel.org>,
Jim Keniston <jkenisto@...ibm.com>, davem@...emloft.net,
sagar.abhishek@...il.com,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
Steven Rostedt <srostedt@...hat.com>,
Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
Stephen Smalley <sds@...ho.nsa.gov>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>,
Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@...ssion.com>,
Mateusz Guzik <mguzik@...hat.com>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: next-20170515: WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at
arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:236 note_page+0x630/0x7e0
On Sat, May 20, 2017 at 11:38:50AM +0900, Masami Hiramatsu wrote:
> Hi Luis,
>
> On Fri, 19 May 2017 19:28:54 +0200
> "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...nel.org> wrote:
>
> > On Fri, May 19, 2017 at 05:40:16PM +0200, Luis R. Rodriguez wrote:
> > > On Fri, May 19, 2017 at 05:08:02AM +0200, Luis R. Rodriguez wrote:
> > > > On Fri, May 19, 2017 at 02:44:14AM +0200, Luis R. Rodriguez wrote:
> > > > > On Wed, May 17, 2017 at 10:53:06AM -0700, Kees Cook wrote:
> > > > > > On Wed, May 17, 2017 at 9:40 AM, Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@...nel.org> wrote:
> > > > > > > Yes, but I had killed that boot session again, so upon my next boot
> > > > > > > I had a different layout, the ASLR gap was much larger:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > ---[ Modules ]---
> > > > > > > 0xffffffffc0000000-0xffffffffc01b0000 1728K pte
> > > > > > > 0xffffffffc01b0000-0xffffffffc01b1000 4K RW GLB x pte
> > > > > > > 0xffffffffc01b1000-0xffffffffc01b2000 4K pte
> > > > > > > 0xffffffffc01b2000-0xffffffffc01c6000 80K ro GLB x pte
> > > > > > > 0xffffffffc01c6000-0xffffffffc01cc000 24K ro GLB NX pte
> > > > > > > 0xffffffffc01cc000-0xffffffffc01d5000 36K RW GLB NX pte
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > As you can guess if we follow similar pattern the RW hole is the one this boot
> > > > > > > warned about:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > [ 1.450483] x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address ffffffffc01b0000/0xffffffffc01b0000
> > > > > > > [ 1.451280] ------------[ cut here ]------------
> > > > > > > [ 1.451721] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1 at arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:236 note_page+0x630/0x7e0
> > > > > > > [ 1.452499] Modules linked in:
> > > > > > > [ 1.452791] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.12.0-rc1-next-20170515+ #145
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I checked and indeed 0xffffffffc01b2000 is part of a module, it was not the first one
> > > > > > > on the /proc/modules list but then again /proc/modules does not seem to have a specific
> > > > > > > order other than perhaps being pegged into a linked list of modules once they go live,
> > > > > > > and it seems its typically output backwards from when that happened, sorting that
> > > > > > > by address we get:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Right, sorry, I'd expect it at the bottom of the list in
> > > > > > /proc/modules, but that's fine, it's there.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > root@...gy:~# cat /proc/modules | sort -k 6 | head -3
> > > > > > > e1000 143360 0 - Live 0xffffffffc01b2000 (E)
> > > > > > > mbcache 16384 1 ext4, Live 0xffffffffc01d6000 (E)
> > > > > > > scsi_mod 217088 4 sg,sr_mod,sd_mod,libata, Live 0xffffffffc01df000 (E)
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > And this then seems to be the first module loaded:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > e1000 143360 0 - Live 0xffffffffc01b2000 (E)
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > The output of dmesg seems to confirm this as per the list of modules sorted
> > > > > > > as per above.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >> Something touched the module gap and left is RW+x...
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Lemme try booting with e1000 renamed to e1000.ko.ignore and see how that goes.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Is it possible a module got loaded before e1000 and then unloaded?
> > > > > > That seems odd, but maybe unload isn't cleaning up?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >> Are you able to bisect this?
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > This issue has been present for a while so since I recall this I might be
> > > > > > > able to reduce the number of needed target kernels to bisect. Lemme tinker
> > > > > > > a bit and if no clear culprit comes up then will try bisect.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Okay, thanks!
> > > > >
> > > > > Sorry to report that this issue is present since the feature's addition. So
> > > > > the issue is there since its addition and is still present today. *But* it
> > > > > may also be a configuration issue, given I have booted this guest *without*
> > > > > this issue ...
> > > > >
> > > > > So:
> > > > >
> > > > > git checkout -b WX e1a58320a38dfa72be48a0f1a3a92273663ba6db
> > > > >
> > > > > That boots with the warning. To help debug further I've minimized my modules
> > > > > to only a few: scsi_mod, e1000, libata.
> > > > >
> > > > > I suspect at this point this is not the fault of a particular module but
> > > > > instead just an accounting semantic (>= or <= on an edge) but let's see.
> > > > >
> > > > > I now boot on 4.3.0-rc3 on commit (e1a58320a38df ("x86/mm: Warn on W^X
> > > > > mappings") and I with:
> > > > >
> > > > > [ 0.949435] ------------[ cut here ]------------
> > > > > [ 0.949992] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1 at arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:225 note_page+0x635/0x7e0()
> > > > > [ 0.950996] x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address ffffffffc0000000/0xffffffffc0000000
> > > > > [ 0.951814] Modules linked in:
> > > > > [ 0.952123] CPU: 2 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.3.0-rc3-FINAL-TEST-WITH-WX-NOFLOPPY+ #365
> > > > > [ 0.952929] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org 04/01/2014
> > > > > [ 0.954033] 0000000000000000 000000001f722925 ffff88013a5d7d40 ffffffff812ff335
> > > > > [ 0.954742] ffff88013a5d7d88 ffff88013a5d7d78 ffffffff81079be2 ffff88013a5d7e90
> > > > > [ 0.955522] 0000000000000000 0000000000000004 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
> > > > > [ 0.956256] Call Trace:
> > > > > [ 0.956496] [<ffffffff812ff335>] dump_stack+0x44/0x5f
> > > > > [ 0.956953] [<ffffffff81079be2>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
> > > > > [ 0.957519] [<ffffffff81079c7c>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
> > > > > [ 0.958066] [<ffffffff8106c155>] note_page+0x635/0x7e0
> > > > > [ 0.958595] [<ffffffff8106c5eb>] ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core+0x2eb/0x410
> > > > > [ 0.959219] [<ffffffff8106c7b7>] ptdump_walk_pgd_level_checkwx+0x17/0x20
> > > > > [ 0.959856] [<ffffffff8106260d>] mark_rodata_ro+0xed/0x100
> > > > > [ 0.960372] [<ffffffff815aa7d0>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
> > > > > [ 0.960869] [<ffffffff815aa7ed>] kernel_init+0x1d/0xe0
> > > > > [ 0.961358] [<ffffffff815b798f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
> > > > > [ 0.961900] [<ffffffff815aa7d0>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
> > > > > [ 0.962389] ---[ end trace 6125ebcb24c9e3d0 ]---
> > > > > [ 0.962822] x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, 1 W+X pages found.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > ---[ High Kernel Mapping ]---
> > > > > 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffff81000000 16M pmd
> > > > > 0xffffffff81000000-0xffffffff81600000 6M ro PSE GLB x pmd
> > > > > 0xffffffff81600000-0xffffffff81a00000 4M ro PSE GLB NX pmd
> > > > > 0xffffffff81a00000-0xffffffff81c00000 2M RW GLB NX pte
> > > > > 0xffffffff81c00000-0xffffffff82200000 6M RW PSE GLB NX pmd
> > > > > 0xffffffff82200000-0xffffffff82400000 2M RW GLB NX pte
> > > > > 0xffffffff82400000-0xffffffffc0000000 988M pmd
> > > > > ---[ Modules ]---
> > > > > 0xffffffffc0000000-0xffffffffc0001000 4K RW GLB x pte
> > > > > 0xffffffffc0001000-0xffffffffc0002000 4K pte
> > > > > 0xffffffffc0002000-0xffffffffc0039000 220K RW GLB x pte
> > > > >
> > > > > root@...gy:~# cat /proc/modules | sort -k 6 | head -3
> > > > > scsi_mod 221979 4 sg,sd_mod,sr_mod,libata, Live 0xffffffffc0002000 (E)
> > > > > e1000 127757 0 - Live 0xffffffffc004d000 (E)
> > > > > libata 229931 2 ata_generic,ata_piix, Live 0xffffffffc0076000 (E)
> > > > >
> > > > > So that 4K RW seems suspect of getting used for allocation purpose on edge
> > > > > for a particular reason and it also happens to be on the edge of the high
> > > > > kernel mapping. Could it be the boundary semantic issue ?
> > > > >
> > > > > For instance can it be that since 0xffffffffc0002000 is given to the first
> > > > > module by the allocator, scsi_mod, and since that address is *technically*
> > > > > part of two boundaries we get a splat ?
> > > > >
> > > > > 0xffffffffc0001000-0xffffffffc0002000 4K pte
> > > > > 0xffffffffc0002000-0xffffffffc0039000 220K RW GLB x pte
> > > >
> > > > Note on the latest linux-next and on the commit that introduced this the config
> > > > and kernel yields only *one* page:
> > > >
> > > > x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, 1 W+X pages found.
> > > >
> > > > I believe this is more indications my suspicion might be right.
> > >
> > > If the following is a legit forced way to get query the kernel to ask it
> > > who owns a page then perhaps this technique can be used in the future to
> > > figure out who the hell caused this. Catalin, can you confirm? In this
> > > case this is perhaps not a leaked page but I am trying to abuse the
> > > kmemleak debugfs API to query who allocated the page. Is that fine?
> > >
> > > [ 0.916771] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:235 note_page+0x63c/0x7e0
> > > [ 0.917636] x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address ffffffffc03d5000/0xffffffffc03d5000
> > > [ 0.918502] Modules linked in:
> > > [ 0.918819] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.11.0-mcgrof-force-config #340
> > > [ 0.919631] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org 04/01/2014
> > > [ 0.920011] Call Trace:
> > > [ 0.920011] dump_stack+0x63/0x81
> > > [ 0.920011] __warn+0xcb/0xf0
> > > [ 0.920011] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5a/0x80
> > > [ 0.920011] note_page+0x63c/0x7e0
> > > [ 0.920011] ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core+0x3b1/0x460
> > > [ 0.920011] ? 0xffffffff86c00000
> > > [ 0.920011] ptdump_walk_pgd_level_checkwx+0x17/0x20
> > > [ 0.920011] mark_rodata_ro+0xf4/0x100
> > > [ 0.920011] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
> > > [ 0.920011] kernel_init+0x2a/0x100
> > > [ 0.920011] ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x40
> > > [ 0.925474] ---[ end trace dca00cd779490a2b ]---
> > > [ 0.925959] x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, 1 W+X pages found.
> > >
> > > echo dump=0xffffffffc03d5000 > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
> > > dmesg | tail
> > >
> > > [ 49.209565] kmemleak: Object 0xffffffffc03d5000 (size 335):
> > > [ 49.210814] kmemleak: comm "swapper/0", pid 1, jiffies 4294892440
> > > [ 49.212148] kmemleak: min_count = 2
> > > [ 49.212852] kmemleak: count = 0
> > > [ 49.213363] kmemleak: flags = 0x1
> > > [ 49.213363] kmemleak: checksum = 0
> > > [ 49.213363] kmemleak: backtrace:
> > > [ 49.213363] kmemleak_alloc+0x4a/0xa0
> > > [ 49.213363] __vmalloc_node_range+0x20a/0x2b0
> > > [ 49.213363] module_alloc+0x67/0xc0
> > > [ 49.213363] arch_ftrace_update_trampoline+0xba/0x260
> > > [ 49.213363] ftrace_startup+0x90/0x210
> > > [ 49.213363] register_ftrace_function+0x4b/0x60
> > > [ 49.213363] arm_kprobe+0x84/0xe0
> > > [ 49.213363] register_kprobe+0x56e/0x5b0
> > > [ 49.213363] init_test_probes+0x61/0x560
> > > [ 49.213363] init_kprobes+0x1e3/0x206
> > > [ 49.213363] do_one_initcall+0x52/0x1a0
> > > [ 49.213363] kernel_init_freeable+0x178/0x200
> > > [ 49.213363] kernel_init+0xe/0x100
> > > [ 49.213363] ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x40
> > > [ 49.213363] 0xffffffffffffffff
> >
> > Aha! And the winner is:
> >
> > CONFIG_KPROBES_SANITY_TEST
> >
> > I confirm disabling it on 4.3.0-rc3 and on linux-next next-20170519 avoids the WARN.
> > I also can confirm using the 'echo dump=mem-area > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak' yields
> > the same trace for both of these kernels.
> >
> > So -- the above kmemleak hack seems to actually work to seek who owns that page.
> >
> > Now to figure out how the hell kernel/test_kprobes.c screws around with things.
>
> Ah, that was fixed recently;
>
> https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=149076389011850
>
> Note that this patch depends another patch in the series;
>
> https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=149076370111812&w=2
I actually boot tested linux-next tag next-20170519 which carries these
patches and the WARNING still is there. Please note the issue is with
CONFIG_KPROBES_SANITY_TEST enabled.
[ 1.025601] x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address ffffffffc01e7000/0xffffffffc01e7000
[ 1.026429] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 1.026885] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1 at arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:236 note_page+0x630/0x7e0
[ 1.027711] Modules linked in:
[ 1.028032] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.12.0-rc1-next-20170519 #151
[ 1.028788] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org 04/01/2014
[ 1.029928] task: ffff9fd47a5ccc80 task.stack: ffffb6bcc0630000
[ 1.030509] RIP: 0010:note_page+0x630/0x7e0
[ 1.030917] RSP: 0000:ffffb6bcc0633df0 EFLAGS: 00010286
[ 1.031425] RAX: 0000000000000051 RBX: ffffb6bcc0633e88 RCX: ffffffffbb656708
[ 1.032132] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000096 RDI: 0000000000000246
[ 1.032834] RBP: ffffb6bcc0633e28 R08: 203a6d6d2f363878 R09: 0000000000000161
[ 1.033539] R10: ffffb6bcc0633dd8 R11: 736e6920646e756f R12: 0000000000000000
[ 1.034235] R13: 0000000000000004 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 1.034927] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9fd47fc80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 1.035722] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 1.036290] CR2: ffffb6bcc073c000 CR3: 0000000053209000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[ 1.036839] Call Trace:
[ 1.037034] ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core+0x3e7/0x490
[ 1.037367] ? 0xffffffffbaa00000
[ 1.037705] ptdump_walk_pgd_level_checkwx+0x17/0x20
[ 1.038187] mark_rodata_ro+0xf4/0x100
[ 1.038559] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
[ 1.038890] kernel_init+0x2f/0x100
[ 1.039235] ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x40
[ 1.039582] Code: 48 c7 43 28 00 00 00 00 48 89 43 20 e9 05 fd ff ff 48 8b 73 10 48 c7 c7 f0 3d 3e bb c6 05 f8 eb bc 00 01 48 89 f2 e8 1d 02 12 00 <0f> ff e9 1f fa ff ff 48 8b 70 20 48 c7 c7 3c ba 3e bb e8 06 02
[ 1.041416] ---[ end trace e726c1b63e5a81a9 ]---
[ 1.041872] x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, 1 W+X pages found.
root@...gy:~# echo dump=0xffffffffc01e7000 > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
On dmesg:
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: Object 0xffffffffc01e7000 (size 335):
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: comm "swapper/0", pid 1, jiffies 4294892451
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: min_count = 2
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: count = 2
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: flags = 0x1
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: checksum = 0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak: backtrace:
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kmemleak_alloc+0x4a/0xa0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: __vmalloc_node_range+0x20c/0x2b0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: module_alloc+0x67/0xc0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: arch_ftrace_update_trampoline+0xc1/0x240
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: ftrace_startup+0x92/0x210
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: register_ftrace_function+0x4b/0x60
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: arm_kprobe+0x84/0xc0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: register_kprobe+0x59c/0x5e0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: init_test_probes+0x61/0x560
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: init_kprobes+0x1ea/0x20d
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: do_one_initcall+0x52/0x1a0
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kernel_init_freeable+0x17d/0x205
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: kernel_init+0xe/0x100
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x40
May 23 07:44:51 piggy kernel: 0xffffffffffffffff
Luis
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