linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 0/7] IBRS patch series

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Date:   Thu, 4 Jan 2018 19:40:31 +0000
From:   Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@...rix.com>
To:     Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        David Woodhouse <dwmw2@...radead.org>
CC:     Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Greg KH <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Arjan Van De Ven <arjan.van.de.ven@...el.com>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 0/7] IBRS patch series

On 04/01/18 19:33, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> On Thu, Jan 4, 2018 at 11:19 AM, David Woodhouse <dwmw2@...radead.org> wrote:
>> On Skylake the target for a 'ret' instruction may also come from the
>> BTB. So if you ever let the RSB (which remembers where the 'call's came
>> from get empty, you end up vulnerable.
> That sounds like it could cause mispredicts, but it doesn't sound _exploitable_.
>
> Sure, interrupts in between the call instruction and the 'ret' could
> overflow the return stack. And we could migrate to another CPU. And so
> apparently SMM clears the return stack too.
>
> ... but again, none of them sound even remotely _exploitable_.
>
> Remember: it's not mispredicts that leak information. It's *exploits"
> that use forced very specific  mispredicts to leak information.
>
> There's a big difference there. And I think patch authors should keep
> that difference in mind.
>
> For example, flushing the BTB at kernel entry doesn't mean that later
> in-kernel indirect branches don't get predicted, and doesn't even mean
> that they don't get mis-predicted. It only means that an exploit can't
> pre-populate those things and use them for exploits.

Retpoline as a mitigation strategy swaps indirect branches for returns,
to avoid using predictions which come from the BTB, as they can be
poisoned by an attacker.

The problem with Skylake+ is that an RSB underflow falls back to using a
BTB prediction, which allows the attacker to take control of speculation.

Also remember that sibling threads share a BTB, so you can't rely on
isolated straight-line codepath on the current cpu for safety. (e.g. by
issuing an IBPB on every entry to supervisor mode).

~Andrew