Date:   Wed, 17 Jan 2018 13:29:38 -0800
From:   Nick Murphy <ncmurphy@...gle.com>
To:     Jason Baron <jbaron@...mai.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: PROBLEM: epoll_wait does not obey edge triggering semantics for
 hierarchically constructed epoll sets

Thanks.

Yeah, I didn't track it down, but I suspect this behavior has always
been there.  I do think it's ultimately incorrect behavior (i.e., a
violation of edge triggering semantics as I note in the initial
report).  The implications of this is that we'd like the option to
construct hierarchical epoll sets and use them in generic code that
uses epoll_wait and expects edge triggering, but we can't (because
epoll fd's behave differently from other fd's).  I'm a little
surprised others haven't come across this.

I'm not really a kernel developer nor am I particularly familiar with
this code, so I'm unclear how ugly a fix would be...I can imagine
there may be locking issues with recursively traversing child epoll
fd's?...

Nick

On Wed, Jan 17, 2018 at 9:21 AM, Jason Baron <jbaron@...mai.com> wrote:
>
>
> On 01/12/2018 07:06 PM, Nick Murphy wrote:
>> [1.] One line summary of the problem:
>> epoll_wait does not obey edge triggering semantics for file
>> descriptors which are themselves epoll file descriptors (i.e., epoll
>> fd's added to an epoll set with the EPOLLET flag)
>>
>> [2.] Full description of the problem/report:
>> When executing the following sequence:
>> 1) create and add an event fd (for example) to an inner epoll set
>> 2) add the inner epoll fd to an outer epoll set (with EPOLLET flag set)
>> 3) write to (increase the value of) the event fd
>> 4) epoll_wait on outer fd
>> 5) epoll_wait on outer fd again
>>
>> Edge triggering semantics imply that the epoll_wait in step 5 should
>> block (nothing has changed).  It does not.  It returns immediately.
>>
>> If epoll_wait is called on the inner fd between steps 4 and 5, the
>> epoll_wait in step 5 will then block as expected.
>>
>> Does not seem to matter if the event is added to the inner epoll set
>> with EPOLLET set or not.
>>
>> [3.] Keywords (i.e., modules, networking, kernel): epoll, epoll_wait,
>> edge triggering
>>
>> [4.] Kernel version (from /proc/version): 4.4.0-103-generic (gcc version 4.8.4)
>>
>> [6.] A small shell script or example program which triggers the
>>      problem (if possible)
>>
>
> Interesting - it seems that epoll can excessively queue wakeup events
> when not desired. Here's a small patch which cures this case, if you
> want to try it out. The semantics around nested edge trigger, though do
> seem unexpected. For example, in the test case you presented. If one
> does epoll_wait() on the outer first and then the inner both
> epoll_wait() will return, however if one does the inner first and then
> the outer, only the inner will return an event. This has to do with how
> epoll implements its polling, it seems odd as well and trickier to fix.
> Afaict its always acted like this.
>
> Thanks,
>
> -Jason
>
> diff --git a/fs/eventpoll.c b/fs/eventpoll.c
> index afd548e..6bd1f46 100644
> --- a/fs/eventpoll.c
> +++ b/fs/eventpoll.c
> @@ -713,6 +713,7 @@ static int ep_scan_ready_list(struct eventpoll *ep,
>                 if (!ep_is_linked(&epi->rdllink)) {
>                         list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
>                         ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
> +                       pwake = 1;
>                 }
>         }
>         /*
> @@ -728,7 +729,8 @@ static int ep_scan_ready_list(struct eventpoll *ep,
>         list_splice(&txlist, &ep->rdllist);
>         __pm_relax(ep->ws);
>
> -       if (!list_empty(&ep->rdllist)) {
> +       if (unlikely(pwake)) {
> +               pwake = 0;
>                 /*
>                  * Wake up (if active) both the eventpoll wait list and
>                  * the ->poll() wait list (delayed after we release the
> lock).
> @@ -744,7 +746,7 @@ static int ep_scan_ready_list(struct eventpoll *ep,
>                 mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
>
>         /* We have to call this outside the lock */
> -       if (pwake)
> +       if (unlikely(pwake))
>                 ep_poll_safewake(&ep->poll_wait);
>
>         return error;
>
>
>> #include <fcntl.h>
>> #include <stdio.h>
>> #include <sys/epoll.h>
>> #include <sys/eventfd.h>
>> #include <unistd.h>
>>
>> int main(int argc, char** argv) {
>>   struct epoll_event ev, events[1];
>>   int inner_ep, outer_ep, sem, flags, ret;
>>   long long val = 1;
>>
>>   if ((sem = eventfd(0, 0)) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "eventfd failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   if ((inner_ep = epoll_create(1)) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "inner epoll_create failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   // Set inner to be non-blocking (probably irrelevant, but...)
>>   if ((flags = fcntl(inner_ep, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "fcntl get failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>   flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
>>   if (fcntl(inner_ep, F_SETFL, flags) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "fcntl set failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   // Add the event to the inner epoll instance.
>>   ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
>>   ev.data.fd = sem;
>>   if (epoll_ctl(inner_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sem, &ev) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "inner add failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   if ((outer_ep = epoll_create(1)) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "outer epoll_create failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   // Add the inner epoll instance to the outer.  Note the EPOLLET!
>>   ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
>>   ev.data.fd = inner_ep;
>>   if (epoll_ctl(outer_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, inner_ep, &ev) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "outer add failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   // Write to the event.
>>   if (write(sem, &val, sizeof(val)) != sizeof(val)) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "write failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>
>>   // This should return immediately.
>>   printf("First wait.\n");
>>   if ((ret = epoll_wait(outer_ep, events, 1, 10000)) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "epoll_wait failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>   printf("...returned %d.\n", ret);
>>
>>   // This should _not_ return immediately if edge triggered!
>>   printf("Second wait.");
>>   if ((ret = epoll_wait(outer_ep, events, 1, 10000)) < 0) {
>>     fprintf(stderr, "epoll_wait failed");
>>     return -1;
>>   }
>>   printf("...returned %d.\n", ret);
>>
>>   printf("Done.\n");
>>
>>   return 0;
>> }
>>
>> [7.] Environment
>> (Should not be sensitive to hardware or kernel version, I don't
>> think...a basic flaw with epoll_wait logic)
>>

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