Date:   Tue, 10 Apr 2018 17:22:48 +0200
From:   Thomas Ilsche <thomas.ilsche@...dresden.de>
To:     "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@...ysocki.net>
CC:     Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Linux PM <linux-pm@...r.kernel.org>,
        Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
        "Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Paul McKenney <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Doug Smythies <dsmythies@...us.net>,
        Rik van Riel <riel@...riel.com>,
        "Aubrey Li" <aubrey.li@...ux.intel.com>,
        Mike Galbraith <mgalbraith@...e.de>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [RFT][PATCH v7.3 5/8] cpuidle: Return nohz hint from
 cpuidle_select()

>> However my fundamental concerns about the policy whether to disable the sched
>> tick remain:
>>
>> Mixing the precise timer and vague heuristic for the decision is
>> dangerous. The timer should not be wrong, heuristic may be.
> 
> Well, I wouldn't say "dangerous".  It may be suboptimal, but even that is not
> a given.  Besides ->
> 
>> Decisions should use actual time points rather than the generic tick
>> duration and residency time. e.g.
>>         expected_interval < delta_next_us
>> vs
>>         expected_interval < TICK_USEC
> 
> -> the role of this check is to justify taking the overhead of stopping the
> tick and it certainly is justifiable if the governor doesn't anticipate any
> wakeups (timer or not) in the TICK_USEC range.  It may be justifiable in
> other cases too, but that's a matter of some more complex checks and may not
> be worth the extra complexity at all.

I tried that change. It's just just a bit bulky because I
cache the result of ktime_to_us(delta_next) early.

diff --git a/drivers/cpuidle/governors/menu.c b/drivers/cpuidle/governors/menu.c
index a6eca02..cad87bf 100644
--- a/drivers/cpuidle/governors/menu.c
+++ b/drivers/cpuidle/governors/menu.c
@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ static int menu_select(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
         unsigned long nr_iowaiters, cpu_load;
         int resume_latency = dev_pm_qos_raw_read_value(device);
         ktime_t delta_next;
+       unsigned long delta_next_us;

         if (data->needs_update) {
                 menu_update(drv, dev);
@@ -314,6 +315,7 @@ static int menu_select(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
   
         /* determine the expected residency time, round up */
         data->next_timer_us = ktime_to_us(tick_nohz_get_sleep_length(&delta_next));
+       delta_next_us = ktime_to_us(delta_next);
   
         get_iowait_load(&nr_iowaiters, &cpu_load);
         data->bucket = which_bucket(data->next_timer_us, nr_iowaiters);
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ static int menu_select(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
                  */
                 if (data->predicted_us < TICK_USEC)
                         data->predicted_us = min_t(unsigned int, TICK_USEC,
-                                                  ktime_to_us(delta_next));
+                                                  delta_next_us);
         } else {
                 /*
                  * Use the performance multiplier and the user-configurable
@@ -412,9 +414,7 @@ static int menu_select(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
          * expected idle duration is shorter than the tick period length.
          */
         if ((drv->states[idx].flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_POLLING) ||
-           expected_interval < TICK_USEC) {
-               unsigned int delta_next_us = ktime_to_us(delta_next);
-
+           expected_interval < delta_next_us) {
                 *stop_tick = false;
   
                 if (!tick_nohz_tick_stopped() && idx > 0 &&

This works as a I expect in the sense of stopping the tick more often
and allowing deeper sleep states in some cases. However, it
drastically *increases* the power consumption for some affected
workloads test system (SKL-SP).

So while I believe this generally improves the behavior - I can't
recommend it based on the practical implications. Below are some
details for the curious:

power consumption for various workload configurations with 250 Hz
kernels 4.16.0, v9, v9+delta_next patch:
https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v9_250_Hz_power.png

Practically v9 has the best power consumption in most cases.

The following detailed looks are with 1000 Hz kernels.
v9 with a synchronized 950 us sleep workload:
https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v9_poll_sync.png
v9 with a staggered 950 us sleep workload:
https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v9_poll_stagger.png

Both show that the sched tick is kept on and this causes more requests
to C1E than C6

v9+delta_next with a synchronized 950 us sleep workload:
https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v9_delta_poll_sync.png
v9+delta_next with a staggered 950 us sleep workload:
https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v9_delta_poll_stagger.png

No more sched tick, no more C1E requests, but increased power.

Besides:
- the hardware reports 0 residency in C6 (both core and PKG) for
   both v9 and v9+delta_next_us.
- the increased power consumption comes after a ramp-up of ~200 ms
   for the staggered and ~2 s for the synchronized workload.

For reference traces from an unmodified 4.16.0:

https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v4.16.0_poll_sync.png
https://wwwpub.zih.tu-dresden.de/~tilsche/powernightmares/v4.16.0_poll_stagger.png

It behaves similar to the delta_next patch but does not show the
increased power consumption in this exact workload configuration.

I couldn't help to dig into the effect a bit more and am able to
reproduce it even under unmodified kernels with staggered sleep cycles
between ~1.2 ms and ~2.5 ms where power is increased by > 40 W.

Anyway, this effect seems to be beyond what the governor should
consider. It is an example where it doesn't seem possible to decide
for the optimal C state without considering the state of other cores
and such unexpected hardware behavior.
And these are only the results from one system and a limited set of
workload configurations.

>> For some cases the unmodified sched tick is not efficient as fallback.
>> Is it feasible to
>> 1) enable the sched tick when it's currently disabled instead of
>> blindly choosing a different C state?
> 
> It is not "blindly" if you will.  It is very much "consciously". :-)
> 
> Restarting the tick from within menu_select() wouldn't work IMO and
> restarting it from cpuidle_idle_call() every time it was stopped might
> be wasteful.
> 
> It could be done, but AFAICS if the CPU in deep idle is woken up by an
> occasional interrupt that doesn't set need_resched, it is more likely
> to go into deep idle again than to go into shallow idle at that point.
> 
>> 2) modify the next upcoming sched tick to be better suitable as
>> fallback timer?
> 
> Im not sure what you mean.
> 
>> I think with the infrastructure changes it should be possible to
>> implement the policy I envisioned previously
>> (https://marc.info/?l=linux-pm&m=151384941425947&w=2), which is based
>> on the ordering of timers and the heuristically predicted idle time.
>> If the sleep_length issue is fixed and I have some mechanism for a
>> modifiable fallback timer, I'll try to demonstrate that on top of your
>> changes.
> 
> Sure.  I'm not against adding more complexity to this in principle, but there
> needs to be a good enough justification for it.
> 
> As I said in one of the previous messages, if simple code gets the job done,
> the extra complexity may just not be worth it.  That's why I went for very
> simple code here.  Still, if there is a clear case for making it more complex,
> that can be done.
> 
> Thanks!
> 

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