Date:   Mon, 9 Jul 2018 15:19:03 -0700
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:     Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>
Cc:     Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@...il.com>,
        Joel Fernandes <joelaf@...gle.com>,
        Daniel Colascione <dancol@...gle.com>,
        Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...com>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Tim Murray <timmurray@...gle.com>,
        Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
        netdev <netdev@...r.kernel.org>, fengc <fengc@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC] Add BPF_SYNCHRONIZE bpf(2) command

On Mon, Jul 09, 2018 at 05:35:34PM -0400, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
> 
> 
> ----- On Jul 9, 2018, at 5:09 PM, Alexei Starovoitov alexei.starovoitov@...il.com wrote:
> 
> > On Sun, Jul 08, 2018 at 04:54:38PM -0400, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
> >> ----- On Jul 7, 2018, at 4:33 PM, Joel Fernandes joelaf@...gle.com wrote:
> >> 
> >> > On Fri, Jul 06, 2018 at 07:54:28PM -0700, Alexei Starovoitov wrote:
> >> >> On Fri, Jul 06, 2018 at 06:56:16PM -0700, Daniel Colascione wrote:
> >> >> > BPF_SYNCHRONIZE waits for any BPF programs active at the time of
> >> >> > BPF_SYNCHRONIZE to complete, allowing userspace to ensure atomicity of
> >> >> > RCU data structure operations with respect to active programs. For
> >> >> > example, userspace can update a map->map entry to point to a new map,
> >> >> > use BPF_SYNCHRONIZE to wait for any BPF programs using the old map to
> >> >> > complete, and then drain the old map without fear that BPF programs
> >> >> > may still be updating it.
> >> >> > 
> >> >> > Signed-off-by: Daniel Colascione <dancol@...gle.com>
> >> >> > ---
> >> >> >  include/uapi/linux/bpf.h |  1 +
> >> >> >  kernel/bpf/syscall.c     | 14 ++++++++++++++
> >> >> >  2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
> >> >> > 
> >> >> > diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
> >> >> > index b7db3261c62d..4365c50e8055 100644
> >> >> > --- a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
> >> >> > +++ b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
> >> >> > @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ enum bpf_cmd {
> >> >> >  	BPF_BTF_LOAD,
> >> >> >  	BPF_BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID,
> >> >> >  	BPF_TASK_FD_QUERY,
> >> >> > +	BPF_SYNCHRONIZE,
> >> >> >  };
> >> >> >  
> >> >> >  enum bpf_map_type {
> >> >> > diff --git a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
> >> >> > index d10ecd78105f..60ec7811846e 100644
> >> >> > --- a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
> >> >> > +++ b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
> >> >> > @@ -2272,6 +2272,20 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(bpf, int, cmd, union bpf_attr __user *,
> >> >> > uattr, unsigned int, siz
> >> >> >  	if (sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
> >> >> >  		return -EPERM;
> >> >> >  
> >> >> > +	if (cmd == BPF_SYNCHRONIZE) {
> >> >> > +		if (uattr != NULL || size != 0)
> >> >> > +			return -EINVAL;
> >> >> > +		err = security_bpf(cmd, NULL, 0);
> >> >> > +		if (err < 0)
> >> >> > +			return err;
> >> >> > +		/* BPF programs are run with preempt disabled, so
> >> >> > +		 * synchronize_sched is sufficient even with
> >> >> > +		 * RCU_PREEMPT.
> >> >> > +		 */
> >> >> > +		synchronize_sched();
> >> >> > +		return 0;
> >> >> 
> >> >> I don't think it's necessary. sys_membarrier() can do this already
> >> >> and some folks use it exactly for this use case.
> >> > 
> >> > Alexei, the use of sys_membarrier for this purpose seems kind of weird to me
> >> > though. No where does the manpage say membarrier should be implemented this
> >> > way so what happens if the implementation changes?
> >> > 
> >> > Further, membarrier manpage says that a memory barrier should be matched with
> >> > a matching barrier. In this use case there is no matching barrier, so it
> >> > makes it weirder.
> >> > 
> >> > Lastly, sys_membarrier seems will not work on nohz-full systems, so its a bit
> >> > fragile to depend on it for this?
> >> > 
> >> >        case MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL:
> >> >                /* MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL is not compatible with nohz_full. */
> >> >                if (tick_nohz_full_enabled())
> >> >                        return -EINVAL;
> >> >                if (num_online_cpus() > 1)
> >> >                        synchronize_sched();
> >> >                return 0;
> >> > 
> >> > 
> >> > Adding Mathieu as well who I believe is author/maintainer of membarrier.
> >> 
> >> See commit 907565337
> >> "Fix: Disable sys_membarrier when nohz_full is enabled"
> >> 
> >> "Userspace applications should be allowed to expect the membarrier system
> >> call with MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED command to issue memory barriers on
> >> nohz_full CPUs, but synchronize_sched() does not take those into
> >> account."
> >> 
> >> So AFAIU you'd want to re-use membarrier to issue synchronize_sched, and you
> >> only care about kernel preempt off critical sections.
> >> 
> >> Clearly bpf code does not run in user-space, so it would "work".
> >> 
> >> But the guarantees provided by membarrier are not to synchronize against
> >> preempt off per se. It's just that the current implementation happens to
> >> do that. The point of membarrier is to turn user-space memory barriers
> >> into compiler barriers.
> >> 
> >> If what you need is to wait for a RCU grace period for whatever RCU flavor
> >> ebpf is using, I would against using membarrier for this. I would rather
> >> recommend adding a dedicated BPF_SYNCHRONIZE so you won't leak
> >> implementation details to user-space, *and* you can eventually change you
> >> RCU implementation for e.g. SRCU in the future if needed.
> > 
> > The point about future changes to underlying bpf mechanisms is valid.
> > There is work already on the way to reduce the scope of preempt_off+rcu_lock
> > that currently lasts the whole prog. We will have new prog types that won't
> > have such wrappers and will do rcu_lock/unlock and preempt on/off only
> > when necessary.
> > So something like BPF_SYNCHRONIZE will break soon, since the kernel cannot have
> > guarantees on when programs finish. Calling this command BPF_SYNCHRONIZE_PROG
> > also won't make sense for the same reason.
> > What we can do it instead is to define synchronization barrier for
> > programs accessing maps. May be call it something like:
> > BPF_SYNC_MAP_ACCESS ?
> > uapi/bpf.h would need to have extensive comment what this barrier is doing.
> > Implementation should probably call synchronize_rcu() and not play games
> > with synchronize_sched(), since that's going too much into implementation.
> > Also should such sys_bpf command be root only?
> > I'm not sure whether dos attack can be made by spamming synchronize_rcu()
> > and synchronize_sched() for that matter.
> 
> Adding Paul E. McKenney in CC. He may want to share his thoughts on the matter.

Let's see...

Spamming synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_sched() should be a non-event,
at least aside from the CPUs doing the spamming.  The reason for this
is that a given task can only fire off a single synchronize_sched or
synchronize_rcu() per few milliseconds, so you need a -lot- of tasks
to have much effect, at which point the sheer number of tasks is much
more a problem than the large number of outstanding synchronize_rcu()
or synchronize_sched() invocations.

I very strongly agree that usermode should have a operation that
synchronizes with whatever eBPF uses, rather than something that forces
a specific type of RCU grace period.

Finally, in a few releases, synchronize_sched() will be retiring in favor
of synchronize_rcu(), which will wait on preemption-disabled regions of
code in addition to waiting on RCU read-side critical sections.  Not a
big deal, as I expect to enlist Coccinelle's aid in this.

Did I manage to hit all the high points?

							Thanx, Paul

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