Date:   Mon, 16 Jul 2018 15:12:58 -0400
From:   Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@...cle.com>
To:     dan.j.williams@...el.com
Cc:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, tony.luck@...el.com,
        yehs1@...ovo.com, vishal.l.verma@...el.com, jack@...e.cz,
        willy@...radead.org, dave.jiang@...el.com, hpa@...or.com,
        tglx@...utronix.de, dalias@...c.org, fenghua.yu@...el.com,
        Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@...cle.com>,
        ysato@...rs.sourceforge.jp, benh@...nel.crashing.org,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>, paulus@...ba.org, hch@....de,
        jglisse@...hat.com, mingo@...hat.com, mpe@...erman.id.au,
        Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@...ibm.com>, x86@...nel.org,
        logang@...tatee.com, ross.zwisler@...ux.intel.com,
        jmoyer@...hat.com, jthumshirn@...e.de, schwidefsky@...ibm.com,
        Linux Memory Management List <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        linux-nvdimm@...ts.01.org, LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 00/14] mm: Asynchronous + multithreaded memmap init for ZONE_DEVICE

On Mon, Jul 16, 2018 at 1:10 PM Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com> wrote:
>
> Changes since v1 [1]:
> * Teach memmap_sync() to take over a sub-set of memmap initialization in
>   the foreground. This foreground work still needs to await the
>   completion of vmemmap_populate_hugepages(), but it will otherwise
>   steal 1/1024th of the 'struct page' init work for the given range.
>   (Jan)
> * Add kernel-doc for all the new 'async' structures.
> * Split foreach_order_pgoff() to its own patch.
> * Add Pavel and Daniel to the cc as they have been active in the memory
>   hotplug code.
> * Fix a typo that prevented CONFIG_DAX_DRIVER_DEBUG=y from performing
>   early pfn retrieval at dax-filesystem mount time.
> * Improve some of the changelogs
>
> [1]: https://lwn.net/Articles/759117/
>
> ---
>
> In order to keep pfn_to_page() a simple offset calculation the 'struct
> page' memmap needs to be mapped and initialized in advance of any usage
> of a page. This poses a problem for large memory systems as it delays
> full availability of memory resources for 10s to 100s of seconds.
>
> For typical 'System RAM' the problem is mitigated by the fact that large
> memory allocations tend to happen after the kernel has fully initialized
> and userspace services / applications are launched. A small amount, 2GB
> of memory, is initialized up front. The remainder is initialized in the
> background and freed to the page allocator over time.
>
> Unfortunately, that scheme is not directly reusable for persistent
> memory and dax because userspace has visibility to the entire resource
> pool and can choose to access any offset directly at its choosing. In
> other words there is no allocator indirection where the kernel can
> satisfy requests with arbitrary pages as they become initialized.
>
> That said, we can approximate the optimization by performing the
> initialization in the background, allow the kernel to fully boot the
> platform, start up pmem block devices, mount filesystems in dax mode,
> and only incur delay at the first userspace dax fault. When that initial
> fault occurs that process is delegated a portion of the memmap to
> initialize in the foreground so that it need not wait for initialization
> of resources that it does not immediately need.
>
> With this change an 8 socket system was observed to initialize pmem
> namespaces in ~4 seconds whereas it was previously taking ~4 minutes.

Hi Dan,

I am worried that this work adds another way to multi-thread struct
page initialization without re-use of already existing method. The
code is already a mess, and leads to bugs [1] because of the number of
different memory layouts, architecture specific quirks, and different
struct page initialization methods.

So, when DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is used we initialize struct pages
on demand until page_alloc_init_late() is called, and at that time we
initialize all the rest of struct pages by calling:

page_alloc_init_late()
  deferred_init_memmap() (a thread per node)
    deferred_init_pages()
       __init_single_page()

This is because memmap_init_zone() is not multi-threaded. However,
this work makes memmap_init_zone() multi-threaded. So, I think we
should really be either be using deferred_init_memmap() here, or teach
DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT to use new multi-threaded memmap_init_zone()
but not both.

I am planning to study the memmap layouts, and figure out how can we
reduce their number or merge some of the code, and also, I'd like to
simplify memmap_init_zone() by at least splitting it into two
functions: one that handles the boot case, and another that handles
the hotplug case, as those are substantially different, and make
memmap_init_zone() more complicated than needed.

Thank you,
Pavel

[1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg157271.html

>
> These patches apply on top of the HMM + devm_memremap_pages() reworks:

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