Date: Fri, 5 Jan 2024 16:33:08 +0000
From: Chuck Lever III <chuck.lever@...cle.com>
To: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@...cle.com>
CC: Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>, Feng Tang <feng.tang@...el.com>,
        "Sang, Oliver" <oliver.sang@...el.com>,
        "oe-lkp@...ts.linux.dev"
	<oe-lkp@...ts.linux.dev>,
        lkp <lkp@...el.com>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List
	<linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Christian Brauner <brauner@...nel.org>, linux-mm <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com>,
        "Yin,
 Fengwei" <fengwei.yin@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [linus:master] [shmem]  a2e459555c:  aim9.disk_src.ops_per_sec
 -19.0% regression



> On Jan 5, 2024, at 11:27 AM, Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@...cle.com> wrote:
> 
> * Chuck Lever III <chuck.lever@...cle.com> [240104 14:33]:
>> 
>> 
>>> On Sep 12, 2023, at 12:01 PM, Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org> wrote:
>>> 
>>> On Tue, Sep 12, 2023 at 11:14:42PM +0800, Feng Tang wrote:
>>>>> Well that's the problem. Since I can't run the reproducer, there's
>>>>> nothing I can do to troubleshoot the problem myself.
>>>> 
>>>> We dug more into the perf and other profiling data from 0Day server
>>>> running this case, and it seems that the new simple_offset_add()
>>>> called by shmem_mknod() brings extra cost related with slab,
>>>> specifically the 'radix_tree_node', which cause the regression.
>>>> 
>>>> Here is some slabinfo diff for commit a2e459555c5f and its parent:
>>>> 
>>>> 23a31d87645c6527 a2e459555c5f9da3e619b7e47a6 
>>>> ---------------- --------------------------- 
>>>> 
>>>>    26363           +40.2%      36956        slabinfo.radix_tree_node.active_objs
>>>>   941.00           +40.4%       1321        slabinfo.radix_tree_node.active_slabs
>>>>    26363           +40.3%      37001        slabinfo.radix_tree_node.num_objs
>>>>   941.00           +40.4%       1321        slabinfo.radix_tree_node.num_slabs
>>> 
>>> I can't find the benchmark source, but my suspicion is that this
>>> creates and deletes a lot of files in a directory.  The 'stable
>>> directory offsets' series uses xa_alloc_cyclic(), so we'll end up
>>> with a very sparse radix tree.  ie it'll look something like this:
>>> 
>>> 0 - "."
>>> 1 - ".."
>>> 6 - "d"
>>> 27 - "y"
>>> 4000 - "fzz"
>>> 65537 - "czzz"
>>> 643289767 - "bzzzzzz"
>>> 
>>> (i didn't work out the names precisely here, but this is approximately
>>> what you'd get if you create files a-z, aa-zz, aaa-zzz, etc and delete
>>> almost all of them)
>>> 
>>> The radix tree does not handle this well.  It'll allocate one node for:
>>> 
>>> entries 0-63 (covers the first 4 entries)
>>> entries 0-4095
>>> entries 3968-4031 (the first 5)
>>> entries 0-262143
>>> entries 65536-69631
>>> entries 65536-65599 (the first 6)
>>> entries 0-16777215
>>> entries 0-1073741823
>>> entries 637534208-654311423
>>> entries 643039232-643301375
>>> entries 643289088-643293183
>>> entries 643289728-643289791 (all 7)
>>> 
>>> That ends up being 12 nodes (you get 7 nodes per page) to store 7
>>> pointers.  Admittedly to get here, you have to do 643289765 creations
>>> and nearly as many deletions, so are we going to see it in a
>>> non-benchmark situation?
>>> 
>>> The maple tree is more resilient against this kind of shenanigan, but
>>> we're not there in terms of supporting the kind of allocation you
>>> want.  For this kind of allocation pattern, you'd get all 7 pointers
>>> in a single 256-byte node.
>> 
>> Hello Matthew, it's been a couple of kernel releases, so
>> following up.
>> 
>> Is Maple tree ready for libfs to use it for managing directory
>> offsets?
> 
> The feature you are looking for is dense nodes.  It will allow for
> a compact tree when you have a number of single indexes mapping to
> entries (ideal for many ranges of 1).
> 
> I'm actively working on dense nodes, which will yield 31 entries per
> node when they are single index mappings.  I'm hoping to have it
> completed in the next few weeks and start beating it up with tests
> before pushing it out.
> 
>> 
>> Should we just go for broke and convert libfs from xarray to
>> Maple tree now?
> 
> We are trying to keep the API close for both the xarray and the maple
> tree, so if you do the conversion to one then switching shouldn't be
> much work.  I'd try the maple tree to see if the performance is
> acceptable today (I may be biased), but I don't know how big of an
> effort this conversion would entail.
> 
> The maple tree will compress the NULL indexes to a single entry of NULL.
> My main concern is the density of information and the number of
> allocations the tree will do to keep up with the workload - both will
> improve with the dense nodes feature.
> 
> If you convert to maple tree, you will get the update for free later as
> the node type the tree chooses will be transparent to users.
> 
> If you need tagging then you should use the xarray as I haven't started
> that feature yet - but I don't think you need that?

I don't recall using xarray tags for directory offset mapping.


> I also noticed that Matthew mentioned xa_alloc_cyclic() as the potential
> call into the xarray.  The maple tree counterpart isn't used much today
> and may need to be optimised.  If you can verify what this test does, we
> could produce a test case for the maple tree test suite and optimise if
> necessary.
> 
> Let us know if you have any other questions or need some pointers on how
> to get started with a conversion.

Sounds like conversion is worth starting on, at least. I'll try
to clear some time to work on it.

--
Chuck Lever

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