Date:	Sat, 15 Nov 2014 10:23:55 +0100
From:	Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@...il.com>
To:	Dan Williams <dcbw@...hat.com>
Cc:	Greg KH <greg@...ah.com>, "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
	"netdev@...r.kernel.org" <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
	linux-usb@...r.kernel.org,
	Aleksander Morgado <aleksander@...ksander.es>
Subject: Re: Understanding what's going on when using a Huawei E173 USB 3G
 web-stick (UMTS/HSPA)

On Fri, Nov 14, 2014 at 5:18 PM, Dan Williams <dcbw@...hat.com> wrote:
> On Fri, 2014-11-14 at 11:56 +0100, Sedat Dilek wrote:
>> On Wed, Nov 12, 2014 at 2:21 PM, Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@...il.com> wrote:
>> > On Tue, Nov 4, 2014 at 5:55 PM, Dan Williams <dcbw@...hat.com> wrote:
>> >> On Tue, 2014-11-04 at 16:11 +0100, Sedat Dilek wrote:
>> >>> Hi,
>> >>>
>> >>> I wanted to understand what is going on the kernel-side when
>> >>> connecting to the Internet via a Huawei E173 USB web-stick (3rd
>> >>> Generation: UMTS / HSPA).
>> >>>
>> >>> Especially the correlation between the diverse USB/NET kernel-drivers
>> >>> and how the networking is setup.
>> >>
>> >
>> > [ Sitting in front of a foreign Windows machine ]
>> >
>> > [ CC Aleksander ]
>> >
>> > Hi Dan,
>> >
>> > sorry for the late (and short) response.
>> >
>> > AFAICS you have given a "skeleton" for a "usb-wwan-networking"
>> > documentation :-).
>> >
>> > Personally, I would like to take into account some kernel-config
>> > options and some more things.
>> >
>>
>> I started with documenting...
>>
>> I have still some difficulties in understanding USB WWAN Networking.
>> So, this is what I revealed...
>>
>> ##### USB: HUAWEI E173 3G/UMTS/HSPA INTERNET STICK
>>
>> ### USB-NETWORKING AND WWAN SETUP
>> CONFIG_USB_USBNET=m        <--- usb networking
>> CONFIG_USB_NET_CDCETHER=m  <--- usb-wwan (net) configuration
>> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_WWAN=m   <--- usb-wwan (serial) configuration
>> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION=m <--- usb-serial driver called "option"
>
> Most WWAN devices actually require option, because most WWAN devices
> have "serial" ports (even if they aren't used for PPP), and 'option' is
> the driver that handles this.  The 'option' name is historic, but the
> driver should really be called something like 'wwan-serial-generic' or
> something like that.
>

Is there sth. against renaming the "option" driver to "wwan-serial-generic"?

> You're missing a few other "net" type drivers:
>
> CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN = Qualcomm QMI capable devices (net)
> CONFIG_USB_HSO = "Option High-Speed" (net) devices
> CONFIG_USB_NET_KALMIA = Samsung LTE dongle (net)
> CONFIG_USB_SIERRA_NET = Sierra devices (net)
> CONFIG_USB_NET_CDC_NCM = Ericsson F5321 (?) and some others (net)
> CONFIG_USB_NET_HUAWEI_CDC_NCM = Huawei NCM variant (net)
> CONFIG_USB_VL600 = LG VL600 / AD600 LTE device (net)
> CONFIG_USB_NET_CDC_MBIM = MBIM (net) devices (popular currently)
>
> and maybe even:
>
> CONFIG_USB_CDC_PHONET = Nokia phones and USB sticks, not "net" but
> proprietary protocol that handles both data/control channels
>
> For the "serial" side:
>
> CONFIG_USB_ACM = generic "serial" devices, many are *not* WWAN but many
> WWAN devices use this class/driver
> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_QCAUX = Various Qualcomm-based devices' "auxiliary"
> ports (DIAG, GPS, etc)
> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_QUALCOMM = Firmware loading and "auxiliary" ports on
> various Qualcomm Gobi devices
> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_SIERRAWIRELESS = Older Sierra device serial ports for
> PPP/control and "auxiliary" functions
>
> WWAN devices basically mix & match these drivers depending on what
> interfaces the firmware exposes.
>
> For example, some Sierra devices may require both
> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_SIERRAWIRELESS and CONFIG_USB_SIERRA_NET.
>
> Older Sierra devices may use only CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_SIERRAWIRELESS and
> do not provide a 'net' port at all, but use only PPP.
>
> Sierra devices based on Icera chips may use CONFIG_USB_ACM and either
> CONFIG_USB_SIERRA_NET or CONFIG_USB_NET_CDCETHER.
>
> Some Huawei devices may use CONFIG_USB_NET_CDCETHER and either
> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION or CONFIG_USB_ACM.
>
> Other Huawei devices may use CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN and
> CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION.
>
> Even other Huawei devices may be Qualcomm Gobi type and use
> CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN and CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_QUALCOMM.
>
> So you see it really depends on exactly how the firmware is implemented.
> But in general, devices still fall into the categories I originally
> listed, and the drivers fall into specific categories too ("net",
> "serial", "proprietary"), and devices mix & match drivers to achieve the
> end result.
>

Hi Dan,

Hmm, yeah I see more clearly this usb-networking is not that simple.
Anyway, I will face you if I need some aid or examples.

Unfortunately, you did not answer my "cdc_ether" questions...

I am a bit irritated about the Kconfig help-text (might be outdated or
not precise enough)...
...
config USB_NET_CDCETHER
tristate "CDC Ethernet support (smart devices such as cable modems)"
...
Is this here a "GSM modem" (see dmesg extract below)?
Or even (taken from the logs) "Mobile Broadband Network Device".

...
 This driver creates an interface named "ethX", where X depends on
 what other networking devices you have in use.  However, if the
 IEEE 802 "local assignment" bit is set in the address, a "usbX"
 name is used instead.
,,,

Checking my logs I have no "ethX" or "usbX"...

$ dmesg | egrep -i 'cdc|wwan'
[   13.448398] cdc_ether 3-1.2:1.1 wwan0: register 'cdc_ether' at
usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.2, Mobile Broadband Network Device,
02:50:f3:00:00:00
[   13.448497] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether

...what do I have? "wwanX"?

I can send a patch to clarify on the Kconfig help-text.
Which MLs BTW (netdev and linux-usb, even linux-serial)?

Hope I do not annoy you that much.
Just curious.

- Sedat -

P.S.: Extract from my dmesg after plugging-in my Huawei Internet USB stick.

...
[   57.117170] usb 4-1.5: USB disconnect, device number 4
[   66.248136] usb 3-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[   66.343169] usb 3-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=12d1, idProduct=1446
[   66.343182] usb 3-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2,
SerialNumber=0
[   66.343188] usb 3-1.2: Product: HUAWEI Mobile
[   66.343193] usb 3-1.2: Manufacturer: HUAWEI Technology
[   66.388091] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   66.388430] scsi host6: usb-storage 3-1.2:1.0
[   66.388646] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.1: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   66.388805] scsi host7: usb-storage 3-1.2:1.1
[   66.389042] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[   67.389689] scsi 6:0:0:0: CD-ROM            HUAWEI   Mass Storage
  2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[   67.389737] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access     HUAWEI   SD Storage
  2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[   67.393600] sr 6:0:0:0: [sr0] scsi-1 drive
[   67.393606] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
[   67.394901] sr 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0
[   67.395973] sr 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 5
[   67.403214] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[   67.411095] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk
[   67.834115] usb 3-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 4
[   71.612271] usb 3-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci
[   71.707111] usb 3-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=12d1, idProduct=1436
[   71.707123] usb 3-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=4, Product=3,
SerialNumber=0
[   71.707129] usb 3-1.2: Product: HUAWEI Mobile
[   71.707142] usb 3-1.2: Manufacturer: HUAWEI Technology
[   71.710324] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.711244] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.1: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.711563] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.2: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.711928] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.3: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.712279] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.4: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.712661] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.5: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.713143] scsi host13: usb-storage 3-1.2:1.5
[   71.713564] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.6: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   71.714058] scsi host14: usb-storage 3-1.2:1.6
[   71.747682] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
[   71.758867] cdc_ether 3-1.2:1.1 wwan0: register 'cdc_ether' at
usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.2, Mobile Broadband Network Device,
02:50:f3:00:00:00
[   71.758955] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[   71.759467] usbcore: registered new interface driver option
[   71.761290] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)
[   71.761687] option 3-1.2:1.0: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[   71.762458] usb 3-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0
[   71.762697] option 3-1.2:1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[   71.763122] usb 3-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1
[   71.763179] option 3-1.2:1.4: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[   71.763428] usb 3-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2
[   72.713937] scsi 13:0:0:0: CD-ROM            HUAWEI   Mass Storage
   2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[   72.713995] scsi 14:0:0:0: Direct-Access     HUAWEI   SD Storage
   2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[   72.716804] sr 13:0:0:0: [sr0] scsi-1 drive
[   72.717888] sr 13:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0
[   72.718765] sr 13:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 5
[   72.723309] sd 14:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[   72.728186] sd 14:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk
[  107.625267] PPP BSD Compression module registered
[  107.632006] PPP Deflate Compression module registered
- EOT -


> Dan
>
>> ### PPP OPTIONS
>> CONFIG_PPP=y
>> CONFIG_PPP_BSDCOMP=m
>> CONFIG_PPP_DEFLATE=m
>> CONFIG_PPP_FILTER=y
>> CONFIG_PPP_MULTILINK=y
>> CONFIG_PPP_ASYNC=m
>>
>> Beyond the PPP options, I wanted to understand what
>> CONFIG_USB_NET_CDCETHER does and why I need it.
>> Can someone help?
>
>
>
>
>> Thanks.
>>
>> - Sedat -
>>
>> [1] http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/usb/Kconfig#n189
>>
>> P.S.: cdc_ether Kconfig option and checking my logs
>>
>> From [1]...
>> ...
>> config USB_NET_CDCETHER
>> tristate "CDC Ethernet support (smart devices such as cable modems)"
>> depends on USB_USBNET
>> default y
>> help
>>  This option supports devices conforming to the Communication Device
>>  Class (CDC) Ethernet Control Model, a specification that's easy to
>>  implement in device firmware.  The CDC specifications are available
>>  from <http://www.usb.org/>.
>>
>>  CDC Ethernet is an implementation option for DOCSIS cable modems
>>  that support USB connectivity, used for non-Microsoft USB hosts.
>>  The Linux-USB CDC Ethernet Gadget driver is an open implementation.
>>    This driver should work with at least the following devices:
>>
>>    * Dell Wireless 5530 HSPA
>>      * Ericsson PipeRider (all variants)
>>    * Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module (all variants)
>>      * Motorola (DM100 and SB4100)
>>      * Broadcom Cable Modem (reference design)
>>    * Toshiba (PCX1100U and F3507g/F3607gw)
>>    * ...
>>
>>  This driver creates an interface named "ethX", where X depends on
>>  what other networking devices you have in use.  However, if the
>>  IEEE 802 "local assignment" bit is set in the address, a "usbX"
>>  name is used instead.
>> ...
>>
>> From my logs...
>>
>> $ dmesg | egrep -i 'option|wwan|ppp|3-1.2|huawei|gsm|modem'
>> [    0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't
>> want memory cgroups
>> [    0.549498] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
>> [    1.299059] usb 3-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci
>> [    1.394084] usb 3-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=12d1, idProduct=1436
>> [    1.394095] usb 3-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=4, Product=3,
>> SerialNumber=0
>> [    1.394100] usb 3-1.2: Product: HUAWEI Mobile
>> [    1.394103] usb 3-1.2: Manufacturer: HUAWEI Technology
>> [    2.115424] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.125026] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.1: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.125607] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.2: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.125888] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.3: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.126187] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.4: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.126461] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.5: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.127098] scsi host11: usb-storage 3-1.2:1.5
>> [    2.129370] usb-storage 3-1.2:1.6: USB Mass Storage device detected
>> [    2.131685] scsi host12: usb-storage 3-1.2:1.6
>> [    3.127317] scsi 11:0:0:0: CD-ROM            HUAWEI   Mass Storage
>>    2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
>> [    3.137589] scsi 12:0:0:0: Direct-Access     HUAWEI   SD Storage
>>    2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
>> [   13.500302] cdc_ether 3-1.2:1.1 wwan0: register 'cdc_ether' at
>> usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.2, Mobile Broadband Network Device,
>> 02:50:f3:00:00:00
>> [   14.160221] usbcore: registered new interface driver option
>> [   14.160820] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)
>> [   14.160940] option 3-1.2:1.0: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
>> [   14.163032] usb 3-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0
>> [   14.163305] option 3-1.2:1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
>> [   14.163676] usb 3-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1
>> [   14.163742] option 3-1.2:1.4: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
>> [   14.165227] usb 3-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2
>> [   72.877065] PPP BSD Compression module registered
>> [   72.881701] PPP Deflate Compression module registered
>> - EOT -
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