Date:	Fri, 3 Apr 2015 17:57:24 -0700
From:	Alexei Potashnik <alexei@...estorage.com>
To:	Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@...il.com>
Cc:	Joern Engel <joern@...estorage.com>,
	"David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>, netdev@...r.kernel.org
Subject: RE: neigh use-after-free

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Dumazet [mailto:eric.dumazet@...il.com]
> Sent: Friday, April 03, 2015 5:44 PM
> To: Alexei Potashnik
> Cc: Joern Engel; David S. Miller; netdev@...r.kernel.org
> Subject: Re: neigh use-after-free
>
> On Fri, 2015-04-03 at 17:27 -0700, Alexei Potashnik wrote:
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Eric Dumazet [mailto:eric.dumazet@...il.com]
> > >
> > > On Fri, 2015-04-03 at 13:52 -0700, Alexei Potashnik wrote:
> > > > Would this be an appropriate solution:
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/net/core/neighbour.c b/net/core/neighbour.c index
> > > > b49e8ba..38265f2 100644
> > > > --- a/net/core/neighbour.c
> > > > +++ b/net/core/neighbour.c
> > > > @@ -168,7 +168,8 @@ static int neigh_forced_gc(struct neigh_table
> > > > *tbl)
> > > >
> > > >  static void neigh_add_timer(struct neighbour *n, unsigned long
> > > > when) {
> > > > -       neigh_hold(n);
> > > > +       if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&n->refcnt))
> > > > +               return;
> > > >         if (unlikely(mod_timer(&n->timer, when))) {
> > > >                 printk("NEIGH: BUG, double timer add, state is
> > > > %x\n",
> > > >                        n->nud_state);
> > >
> > > This is a very ugly hack. Please find root cause.
> > >
> > > The correct way to implement refcount on a timer is :
> > >
> > > if (!mod_timer(&n->timer, when))
> > > 	neigh_hold(&n->refcnt);
> > >
> > > And current code seems to do that (It dumps a printk() and stack
> > > trace
> > > otherwise)
> >
> > The printk() and stack trace don't get printed because this is a
> > different case -- it’s not double timer add, but rather add of the
> > timer after neighbor object is deleted.
> >
> > > If refcnt is 0 at this point, it means there is another bug, and we
> > > should fix it instead of trying to work around it.
> >
> > I agree. And it seems to be clear what code does it:
> >
> > ip_finish_output2
> > +-> __ipv4_neigh_lookup_noref
> >
> > Lookup name is clearly indicating that noref is intentional. What's
> > not clear is why.
> > The change seems to have originated in
> >
> > commit a263b3093641fb1ec377582c90986a7fd0625184
> > Author: David S. Miller <davem@...emloft.net>
> > Date:   Mon Jul 2 02:02:15 2012
> >
> >     ipv4: Make neigh lookups directly in output packet path.
> >
> >     Do not use the dst cached neigh, we'll be getting rid of that.
> >
> >     Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@...emloft.net>
> >
> > Before that neigh object came from dst_get_neighbour_noref(), which
> > used to return dst->_neighbour. Now, if dst->_neighbour used own a
> > reference, than the above commit has introduced the bug. Otherwise,
> > the issue has always been there and, perhaps, David Miller can explain
> > why it was deemed safe to operate on neigh object here without extra
> > ref.
> >
> > Alexei
>
> Your debugging code might be wrong.
>
> At entry of neigh_add_timer(), n->refcnt can be 0 if caller holds the
> correct
> lock, preventing the timer handler to proceed and decrement refcnt.
>
> neigh_timer_handler() does :
>
> write_lock(&neigh->lock);
> ...
> write_unlock(&neigh->lock);
> neigh_release(neigh);
>

My understanding of the state when issue occurs is:
 - neigh_destroy() has finished executing
 - no timer for this neigh entry is pending or running
    (which makes neigh_timer_handler behavior irrelevant)
 - but kfree_rcu callback for the neigh entry has not executed yet
 - at this point IP code finds the entry with __ipv4_neigh_lookup_noref
    and starts operating on it.

Alexei
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