netdev - Re: [PATCH net-next 1/4] bpf: allow bpf programs to tail-call other bpf programs

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Date:	Tue, 19 May 2015 17:13:22 -0700
From:	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
To:	Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...mgrid.com>
Cc:	"David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
	Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
	Michael Holzheu <holzheu@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Zi Shen Lim <zlim.lnx@...il.com>,
	Linux API <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
	Network Development <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH net-next 1/4] bpf: allow bpf programs to tail-call other
 bpf programs

On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 4:59 PM, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...mgrid.com> wrote:
> introduce bpf_tail_call(ctx, &jmp_table, index) helper function
> which can be used from BPF programs like:
> int bpf_prog(struct pt_regs *ctx)
> {
>   ...
>   bpf_tail_call(ctx, &jmp_table, index);
>   ...
> }
> that is roughly equivalent to:
> int bpf_prog(struct pt_regs *ctx)
> {
>   ...
>   if (jmp_table[index])
>     return (*jmp_table[index])(ctx);
>   ...
> }
> The important detail that it's not a normal call, but a tail call.
> The kernel stack is precious, so this helper reuses the current
> stack frame and jumps into another BPF program without adding
> extra call frame.
> It's trivially done in interpreter and a bit trickier in JITs.
> In case of x64 JIT the bigger part of generated assembler prologue
> is common for all programs, so it is simply skipped while jumping.
> Other JITs can do similar prologue-skipping optimization or
> do stack unwind before jumping into the next program.
>
> bpf_tail_call() arguments:
> ctx - context pointer
> jmp_table - one of BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY maps used as the jump table
> index - index in the jump table
>
> Since all BPF programs are idenitified by file descriptor, user space
> need to populate the jmp_table with FDs of other BPF programs.
> If jmp_table[index] is empty the bpf_tail_call() doesn't jump anywhere
> and program execution continues as normal.
>
> New BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY map type is introduced so that user space can
> populate this jmp_table array with FDs of other bpf programs.
> Programs can share the same jmp_table array or use multiple jmp_tables.
>
> The chain of tail calls can form unpredictable dynamic loops therefore
> tail_call_cnt is used to limit the number of calls and currently is set to 32.

IMO this is starting to get a bit ugly.  Would it be possible to have
the program dereference the subprogram reference itself from the jump
table?  There would have to be a verifier type that represents a
reference to a program tail-call entry point, but that seems better
than having this weird indirection.

--Andy
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