Date:   Mon, 3 Oct 2016 20:48:32 +0200
From:   Eric Nelson <eric@...int.com>
To:     Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@...linux.org.uk>
Cc:     David Laight <David.Laight@...LAB.COM>,
        "netdev@...r.kernel.org" <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
        "andrew@...n.ch" <andrew@...n.ch>,
        "fugang.duan@....com" <fugang.duan@....com>,
        "otavio@...ystems.com.br" <otavio@...ystems.com.br>,
        "edumazet@...gle.com" <edumazet@...gle.com>,
        "troy.kisky@...ndarydevices.com" <troy.kisky@...ndarydevices.com>,
        "davem@...emloft.net" <davem@...emloft.net>,
        "u.kleine-koenig@...gutronix.de" <u.kleine-koenig@...gutronix.de>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 3/3] net: fec: align IP header in hardware

Hi Russell,

On 10/01/2016 09:52 PM, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 30, 2016 at 07:16:12AM -0700, Eric Nelson wrote:
>> On ARM, the CPU can't handle misaligned memory cycles without
>> taking an alignment fault and NET_IP_ALIGN is set to 2.
> 
> Let's get this right...  With Linux on MMU parts:
> 
> On ARMv6+, unaligned memory cycles using the LDR, LDRH and corresponding
> store instructions are handled in hardware without any exception being
> raised.
> 
> On pre-ARMv6, such instructions raise an alignment exception, and we fix
> up the load/store manually.
> 
> Where things behave the same is with the LDM (load multiple) and STM
> (store multiple) instructions.  Hardware does not fix these up if they
> are unaligned: it is expected that the base address will always be
> aligned to a 32-bit word.
> 

Thanks for the clarification. This helps me understand why I didn't
see the exceptions that Eric warned about:

https://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/msg397012.html

> For some reason, the compiler guys have decided it's okay to use these
> instructions as an optimisation, and I see no way to disable this
> behaviour.
> 
>> On ARM, we have CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y
>> but I find it hard to believe that taking alignment faults is more
>> efficient than adding two bytes to the start of the frame.
> 
> ... see above, hence why CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is set.
> It's only when the compiler decides to do silly things that things go
> wrong.  However, net code does not care about that configuration
> setting, so it's irrelevant to this discussion.
> 

The obfuscated optimization in ip_gro_receive doesn't help by
reading two 16-bit values as a __be32:

id = ntohl(*(__be32 *)&iph->id);
flush = (u16)((ntohl(*(__be32 *)iph) ^ skb_gro_len(skb)) | (id & ~IP_DF));
id >>= 16;

> The issue with the networking layer is that it passes around structure
> pointers which may not be "naturally aligned" - technically it goes
> against the C standard specs.  However, you'll find it hard to argue
> against this, so we have to accept that the networking people expect
> it to work.
> 
> The optimisation that the C compiler uses (using LDM to access multiple
> 32-bit consecutive words) is legal and efficient when the structure
> pointers are aligned as it expects, but that all breaks if the pointer
> is not so aligned.  So, raising it as a bug against the C compiler isn't
> going to work either.
> 
> What may work is to raise a feature request with compiler people to have
> a mechanism to disable the LDM/STM optimisation for code where we know
> that pointers may not be naturally aligned.
> 

Agreed, but that's a long path even if the compiler folks agree
immediately.

It's probably to just fix the driver with known issues for now.

Did you have any comments on the patch? I tried to pull what I found
from your patch set, but only the enabling of the SHIFT16 bit.

Please advise,


Eric

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