From: advisories at corsaire.com (advisories)
Subject: Corsaire Security Advisory - Multiple vendor MIME RFC2047 encoding issue

-- Corsaire Security Advisory --

Title: Multiple vendor MIME RFC2047 encoding issue
Date: 04.08.03
Application: various
Environment: various
Author: Martin O'Neal [martin.oneal@...saire.com]
Audience: General distribution 
Reference: c030804-007


-- Scope --

The aim of this document is to clearly define a MIME content evasion 
issue that affects a variety of products including; browsers, proxy 
servers, email clients, content security gateways and antivirus 
products. 


-- History --

Discovered: 04.08.03 (Martin O'Neal)
NISCC notified: 19.02.04
Document released: 13.09.04


-- Overview --

There are a number of content security gateway and antivirus products 
available that provide policy based security functionality. Part of this 
functionality allows the products to block embedded file attachments 
based on their specific content type, such as executables or those 
containing viruses. However, by using malformed MIME encapsulation 
techniques centred on the presence of fields encoded using the RFC2047 
parameter value character set and language information, this 
functionality can be evaded. 


-- Analysis --

The MIME standards are intended to provide a common mechanism to 
exchange data between systems and are used extensively by protocols such 
as HTTP and SMTP. The structure of a MIME message is defined in RFC2045 
[1], which in turn makes use of concepts introduced in RFC822 [2] 
(superseded by RFC2822 [3]).

The standards define a range of fields that control how data is encoded 
within the transport, and how it should be interpreted by the receiving 
agent. RFC2047 [4] defines "techniques to allow the encoding of non-
ASCII text in various portions of a RFC 822 [2] message header, in a 
manner which is unlikely to confuse existing message handling software". 

The implementation of these encoding standards has not been universal by 
all of the vendors. For many products, such as email clients and 
browsers, this scope for variation might only result in some unreliable 
behaviour. However, for a collection of security products, being unaware 
of the various ways that the standard has been implemented can lead to 
more serious results, as the products may fail to detect a threat within 
the data stream.

When a receiving agent is presented with a MIME message that contains an 
unknown RFC2047 encoding, it tends to respond in one of two broad ways:

- It identifies the MIME message as malformed and blocks it.
- It fails to interpret the MIME field (or message).

The first of the two would be the correct behaviour for a security 
conscious product, but based on empirical research this is not the 
common result for a number of scenarios. 

The RFC2047 encoding issue has been observed to affect many of the 
security products. To use this issue as an attack vector, all that is 
required is to identify a target that has a client agent that 
successfully interprets the RFC2047 encoding correctly, where any 
security products that protect it do not.


-- Recommendations --

To be effective tools, the security products must not only be able to 
process encoding techniques implemented as per the relevant standard, 
but also common misinterpretations and deliberate corruptions.

As an ongoing process, a study project should be undertaken by the 
vendors to identify applications that routinely decode MIME objects and 
have a liberal interpretation of the MIME standard. 

NISCC have produced a document consolidating a number of vendor 
statements on these issues [5]. Contact your vendor directly to 
establish whether you are affected by these issues.


-- Background --

This issue was discovered using a custom SMTP/HTTP vulnerability 
analysis tool developed by Corsaire's security assessment team. This 
tool is not available publicly, but is an example of the specialist 
approach used by Corsaire's consultants as part of a commercial security 
assessment. To find out more about the cutting edge services provided by 
Corsaire simply visit our web site at http://www.corsaire.com


-- CVE --

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) project has assigned
the name CAN-2004-0053 to this issue. This is a candidate for
inclusion in the CVE list (http://cve.mitre.org), which standardises
names for security problems.


-- References --

[1] http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
[2] http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc822.html
[3] http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2822.html
[4] http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2047.html
[5] http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/380375/mime.htm


-- Revision --

a. Initial release.
b. Included CVE reference.
c. Released.


-- Distribution --

This security advisory may be freely distributed, provided that it 
remains unaltered and in its original form. 


-- Disclaimer --

The information contained within this advisory is supplied "as-is" with 
no warranties or guarantees of fitness of use or otherwise. Corsaire 
accepts no responsibility for any damage caused by the use or misuse of 
this information.


-- About Corsaire --

Corsaire are a leading information security consultancy, founded in 1997 
in Guildford, Surrey, UK. Corsaire bring innovation, integrity and 
analytical rigour to every job, which means fast and dramatic security 
performance improvements. Our services centre on the delivery of 
information security planning, assessment, implementation, management 
and vulnerability research. 

A free guide to selecting a security assessment supplier is available at 
http://www.penetration-testing.com 


Copyright 2003 Corsaire Limited. All rights reserved.  

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